Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada最新文献

{"title":"Canada's National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) in 2025: Celebrating 60 years of service, a decade of change, and a dynamic future ahead.","authors":"Matthew Tunis, Robyn Harrison, Kaeli Ramotar, Ashleigh Tuite, Christina Jensen, Krista Wilkinson, Kelsey Young, Joseline Zafack, Marina Salvadori, Adrienne Stevens, Vinita Dubey, Erin Henry","doi":"10.14745/ccdr.v52i03a01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14745/ccdr.v52i03a01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Canada's National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) marked its 60^th anniversary in 2024, representing six decades of reliable advice supporting Canada's immunization programs. Over the past decade, NACI expanded its mandate to include ethics, equity, feasibility, acceptability, and economic considerations, while adapting its methods to align with international standards and responding to urgent public health needs such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Enhanced collaboration with provinces, territories, Indigenous partners, and global peers has strengthened both the relevance and reach of NACI guidance. With an expanding vaccine landscape, NACI continues to evolve as a trusted national and global resource supporting equitable, evidence-informed immunization policy and practice in Canada.</p>","PeriodicalId":94304,"journal":{"name":"Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada","volume":"52 3","pages":"56-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13068133/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147679840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccine uptake and hesitancy among Black people: A scoping review.","authors":"Folajinmi Oluwasina, Salwa Musa, Mary Olukotun, Folakemi Ojo, Omolara Sanni, Lynda Djoutsa, Modupe Tunde-Byass, Andre Renzaho, Upton Allen, Bukola Salami","doi":"10.14745/ccdr.v52i03a02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14745/ccdr.v52i03a02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vaccination is one of the most cost-effective ways to prevent disease, yet vaccine hesitancy remains a threat to the progress made in tackling vaccine preventable diseases. Black communities have a history of being subjects of unethical research, victims of implicit bias, mistreated by healthcare professionals, and denied access to medical assistance. This study aims to examine vaccine uptake and hesitancy among Black people.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A scoping review was conducted in 11 bibliographic databases to identify relevant peer-reviewed studies. Articles were screened by two reviewers, with a third resolving conflicts where necessary. Data were extracted from eligible studies and findings were narratively summarized. A PRISMA checklist was adopted, followed by data extraction with the findings then collated, summarized, and reported.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 101 articles (77 quantitative, 16 qualitative, 3 randomized clinical trials, and 5 mixed methods studies) were included in the final analysis. Among these, 95.1% and 4.9% reported findings from North America and Europe, respectively. This review revealed that misinformation affects the acceptability of vaccination programs. Vaccine hesitancy among Black communities is often rooted in fears of potential side effects and long-term consequences. Parental consent was noted as a crucial issue, and the belief that children should not be offered vaccinations without parental consent was indicated as a factor affecting vaccine uptake.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Vaccine hesitancy continues to have a significant impact on global health. Government policies that promote vaccine uptake would help to reduce vaccine hesitancy and maintain high coverage among Black people.</p>","PeriodicalId":94304,"journal":{"name":"Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada","volume":"52 3","pages":"67-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13068135/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147679862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What do parents of school-aged children want to know about HPV vaccination in Canada? Results of an online survey on Facebook.","authors":"Mylène Tantchou Dipankui, Benjamin Giguère, Kieran C O'Doherty, Antonella Pucci","doi":"10.14745/ccdr.v52i03a04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14745/ccdr.v52i03a04","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To identify the source of information, preferred promotional formats, and the type of information parents of school-aged children eligible for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination would consider in their decision-making process.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A bilingual (English and French) pre-campaign survey employing Facebook advertisements was used to recruit parents of school-aged children aged between 9 and 15 years across Canada to participate in the study. The survey consisted of 20 closed-ended and two open-ended questions. Recruitment on Facebook occurred between March 2021 and February 2022. Participants meeting specific requirements were eligible to participate in the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 764 parents participated in the study, and 554 met the eligibility criteria. Representation was obtained from nine provinces and two territories. The majority of respondents (24.9%; n=138) indicated that they turned to sources other than social media platforms when it came to making decisions about HPV vaccination. Among other sources, respondents first considered the recommendations made by their healthcare providers (17.5%; n=38). Respondents also reported infographics as the format most likely to influence their decision-making (20.8%; n=115), over other types of resources. Finally, potential side-effects associated with HPV vaccines versus HPV infection outcomes were among the main topics of information the respondents looked at in their decision-making process.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Infographics can be an important social marketing component for educating parents about the vaccination of school-aged children against HPV. These visual representations should focus on HPV vaccine safety, to respond to the information needs of parents. This intervention should be combined with healthcare provider recommendations.</p>","PeriodicalId":94304,"journal":{"name":"Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada","volume":"52 3","pages":"88-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13082681/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147701458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracking Canada's 2015 vaccine research and development priorities: Where are we a decade later?","authors":"Nasheed Moqueet, Kyle Lago, Serena Cortés-Kaplan, Harsimrat Birdi, Shalini Desai, Alisha Gauhar, Bryna Warshawsky, Matthew Tunis, Krista Wilkinson","doi":"10.14745/ccdr.v52i03a05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14745/ccdr.v52i03a05","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In 2015, Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) identified a set of priorities for research and development (R&D) of new and improved human and animal vaccines. Thirty human pathogens were grouped by vaccine development timeline (short: 0-6 years; medium: 7-12 years; long: 13 years or longer) and ranked by R&D priority (high, medium, low).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To characterize the vaccine development pathway for these 30 pathogens to inform a 2025 update to PHAC's vaccine R&D priorities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>For each pathogen, we conducted a targeted search for vaccines authorized in Canada since 2015 using the Health Canada Drug Product Database and Canadian Immunization Guide and for candidates in clinical trials, in the registry, ClinicalTrials.gov (primary completion date of May 1, 2015 or later). Search results were downloaded and filtered by study status, phase and type. For select pathogens, we conducted additional searches in published (PubMed) and grey literature (other trial registries, industry press releases, and Web searches).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven pathogens had at least one newly authorized vaccine since 2015: three of 13 high-priority (influenza, n=4; <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>, n=2; respiratory syncytial virus, n=3); two of eight medium-priority (herpes zoster, n=1; meningococcal serogroup B, n=1); and, two of nine low-priority pathogens (dengue, n=2; human papillomavirus, n=1). Nineteen pathogens had no authorized vaccine in Canada or elsewhere, although five had candidates in phase 3 trials (<i>Clostridioides difficile, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Borrelia burgdorferi</i>, norovirus and cytomegalovirus).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although some of the pathogens on the 2015 list now have authorized vaccines or candidates in late-stage clinical development, important gaps persist, which will inform PHAC's 2025 vaccine R&D update.</p>","PeriodicalId":94304,"journal":{"name":"Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada","volume":"52 3","pages":"97-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13098474/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147793765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promoting influenza vaccination among health professionals in Canada: Results of an online survey on Facebook.","authors":"Mylène Tantchou Dipankui, Kieran O'Doherty, Lucie Marisa Bucci, Benjamin Giguère","doi":"10.14745/ccdr.v52i03a03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14745/ccdr.v52i03a03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vaccination rates of healthcare workers in Canada against influenza are below the national target of 80%. The objective of this study was to identify the preferred promotional formats and types of information that healthcare professionals would consider when deciding whether to get immunized against influenza. The goals of this survey were to 1) inform the design of a social marketing campaign to help healthcare professionals make informed decisions about influenza vaccination, and 2) inform future education and promotional work by vaccination stakeholders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A bilingual survey was implemented online using Facebook ads to recruit healthcare professionals across Canada. The survey consisted of 15 mixed multiple-choice and open-ended questions. Eligibility requirements included being a practising Canadian healthcare professional, such as a medical doctor, nurse, pharmacist, nurse practitioner, midwife, or dentist.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 265 healthcare professionals completed the study, with a majority (51.3%) being nurses and practising in Ontario (32.1%). Infographics were viewed as the promotional format most likely to influence their decision-making (33.6%). Healthcare professionals relied on news from various media outlets and peer-reviewed journals (15.8%) to make their decisions. Finally, respondents indicated that influenza vaccine effectiveness was the most relevant information with respect to their decision-making (80.8%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Infographics may be an important method for promoting influenza vaccination among healthcare professionals. These visual representations should focus on up-to-date information about influenza vaccine effectiveness to respond to the information needs of healthcare professionals. The next steps will be to design a marketing campaign focused on vaccine effectiveness, using infographics as a promotional format.</p>","PeriodicalId":94304,"journal":{"name":"Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada","volume":"52 3","pages":"80-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13098624/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147793772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surveillance for <i>Ixodes scapularis</i> and <i>Ixodes pacificus</i> ticks and their associated pathogens in Canada, 2022.","authors":"Gamal Wafy, Safa Ahmad, Christy Wilson, Heather Coatsworth, Jade Savage, Mark Nelder, Kirby Cronin, Pauline Zhang, Karine Thivierge, Kirsten Crandall, Priya Goundar, Louwrens Snyman, Emily Jenkins, Muhammed Morshed, Catherine Hogan, Min-Kuang Lee, Peter Buck, Annie-Claude Bourgeois, Salima Gasmi","doi":"10.14745/ccdr.v52i0102a04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14745/ccdr.v52i0102a04","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This article continues the annual series on tick surveillance in Canada, tracking two of the primary tick vectors of concern in the country, <i>Ixodes scapularis</i> and <i>Ixodes pacificus</i>, which can transmit the agent of Lyme disease alongside several other tick-borne pathogens.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study analyzed passive and active tick surveillance data, including geographic distribution, pathogen prevalence and other characteristics to inform public health prevention.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Passive and active surveillance data were compiled from eTick (an online, image-based platform), the National Microbiology Laboratory (Public Health Agency of Canada), provincial and local public health authorities and the Canadian Lyme Disease Research Network. Descriptive statistics of ticks and their associated pathogens are presented, including infection prevalence estimates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2022, a total of 7,030 <i>I. scapularis</i> were submitted through passive surveillance from all provinces, while 911 <i>I. pacificus</i> were submitted from British Columbia (n=909) and Yukon (n=2). <i>Ixodes scapularis</i> submissions peaked in May and again in October. For <i>I. pacificus</i>, submissions peaked in May with a second, smaller peak in November. Six tick-borne pathogens (<i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i>, <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i>, <i>Borrelia miyamotoi</i>, <i>Babesia microti</i>, <i>Babesia odocoilei</i>, Powassan virus) were identified from the <i>I. scapularis</i> collected by dragging in Manitoba, Ontario, Québec, New Brunswick or Nova Scotia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This report provides a summary of tick surveillance data collected in 2022. Tick characteristics and tick-borne pathogen infection prevalence were similar to previous years. Tick surveillance continues to play an important role in monitoring infection prevalence among ticks and their geographic distribution, which will help inform public health prevention and intervention efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":94304,"journal":{"name":"Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada","volume":"52 1-2","pages":"26-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12994753/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147482968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changing case definition: An analysis of its impact on Lyme disease surveillance in Nova Scotia.","authors":"Kelachi Nsitem, Jennifer Cram, Aini Khan, Colleen Ryan, Todd Hatchette, Shelley Deeks, Linda Passerini, Molly Trecker, Kathryn McIsaac","doi":"10.14745/ccdr.v52i0102a06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14745/ccdr.v52i0102a06","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nova Scotia has experienced a growing number of Lyme disease (LD) cases since 2002. From 2009 to 2022, Nova Scotia adopted a LD case definition that aligned with the Public Health Agency of Canada's definition. On January 1, 2023, Nova Scotia transitioned to a LD definition that relies on laboratory evidence alone.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe and compare historic trends in confirmed LD case counts and incidence under the former and current LD case definitions between 2018 and 2023 and assess the impact of the case definition change on LD surveillance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Confirmed LD cases were extracted from Nova Scotia's Electronic Public Health Information System, software Panorama, according to the former case definition for the years 2018-2022 and the current case definition for the years 2019-2023. As the 2018 laboratory data in Panorama was incomplete, raw data for 2018 were obtained from Nova Scotia's Provincial Public Health Laboratory Network. Confirmed case counts and incidence rates per 100,000 population were calculated by year, sex, age group and geographic zone, under both case definitions. Seasonality was determined by the reporting date of the case.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 2018-2022, the current case definition identified 4,238 cases, a substantial increase of 2,493 cases over the 1,745 reported by the former case definition, with an additional 2,058 cases in 2023 under the current case definition. This led to a clear upward trend in confirmed incidence rates with the current case definition, unlike the variable pattern seen with the former case definition. Males and individuals aged 5-14, 40-59, and ≥60 years experienced consistently higher sex and age-specific rates under both case definitions. The Western Zone consistently reported the highest incidence rates. Seasonally, both case definitions showed reporting peaks from June to September, with the peak occurring two-week later peak with the current case definition.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>When the current LD case definition was applied to historic surveillance data, past rates of confirmed LD increased suggesting under-reporting of clinical presentation of LD to public health in high incidence jurisdictions.</p>","PeriodicalId":94304,"journal":{"name":"Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada","volume":"52 1-2","pages":"47-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13042998/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147611218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation of toxigenic <i>Corynebacterium diphtheriae</i> from cutaneous lesions in a donkey in Ontario, Canada, 2024: Implications for zoonotic disease transmission and One Health approach.","authors":"Chidubem Okechukwu, Steven Rebellato, Heidi Pitfield, Kelly Magnusson, Ramien Sereshk, Durda Slavic, Heather McClinchey, Sarah Wilson, Julianne Kus, Colin Lee","doi":"10.14745/ccdr.v52i0102a02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14745/ccdr.v52i0102a02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This rapid communication describes a case of cutaneous lesions in a donkey in Ontario, Canada, from which toxigenic <i>Corynebacterium diphtheriae</i> (<i>C. diphtheriae</i>) was isolated. Seven human close contacts were identified and assessed. This communication focuses on public health challenges, interagency response and implications for One Health initiatives to prevent zoonotic transmission. Furthermore, it underscores the importance, successes and challenges of interagency collaboration to coordinate timely laboratory investigation, reporting, contact tracing, potential post-exposure prophylaxis and public education in responding to zoonotic disease. This investigation demonstrates the need for enhanced surveillance, clear legislative authority to facilitate reporting, and more specific guidance for close contact management of <i>C. diphtheriae</i> and other zoonotic agents in animals, which can cause morbidity and mortality in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":94304,"journal":{"name":"Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada","volume":"52 1-2","pages":"8-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12978518/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147446523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Summary of the National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) Statement: Updated recommendations on herpes zoster vaccination for adults who are immunocompromised.","authors":"Ramya Krishnan, Oliver Baclic, Ana Howarth, Ashleigh Tuite, Melissa Andrew","doi":"10.14745/ccdr.v52i0102a01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14745/ccdr.v52i0102a01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Herpes zoster (HZ), or shingles, results from the reactivation of latent varicella-zoster virus and poses a significant health burden and immunocompromised adults are at higher risk of HZ and its complications. In 2018, the recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV, Shingrix®) was strongly recommended by the National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) for immunocompetent adults aged 50 years and older. Since then, evidence has accumulated on the use of RZV in immunocompromised adults and in 2021, Health Canada expanded the authorization of RZV to adults 18 years of age and older who are or will be immunocompromised.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>NACI assessed the burden of HZ in immunocompromised populations, reviewed evidence on the efficacy, effectiveness, immunogenicity and safety of RZV, and published economic evaluations. Programmatic considerations were evaluated using NACI's ethics, equity, feasibility and acceptability framework. The evidence and programmatic considerations were organized using a process informed by the <i>Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation</i> framework, and this information was then used to facilitate NACI guidance development.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The risk of HZ among younger adults who are immunocompromised is comparable to or higher than the general population of 50 years of age and older. High efficacy and robust immune responses after RZV administration was demonstrated in groups with various types of immunocompromising therapies and conditions, with an acceptable safety profile. Economic evaluations showed that RZV was cost-effective in some high-risk immunocompromised groups. Expanding access to RZV may reduce disease burden and address inequities in vaccine access.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>NACI updated its guidance to strongly recommend that individuals 18 years of age and older who are or will be immunocompromised should receive two doses of RZV to prevent HZ and its associated complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":94304,"journal":{"name":"Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada","volume":"52 1-2","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12978420/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147446529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invasive pneumococcal disease surveillance in Canada, 2023.","authors":"Alyssa Golden, Averil Griffith, Brigitte Lefebvre, Allison McGeer, Gregory Tyrrell, Julianne Kus, Jennifer Grant, Jessica Minion, Paul Van Caeseele, Guillaume Desnoyers, David Haldane, Yang Yu, Xiaofeng Ding, Laura Steven, Jan McFadzen, George Zhanel, Courtney Primeau, Irene Martin","doi":"10.14745/ccdr.v52i0102a05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14745/ccdr.v52i0102a05","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), which is caused by <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>, has been a nationally notifiable disease in Canada since 2000. This report summarizes the demographics, serotypes and antimicrobial resistance of IPD isolates collected in Canada in 2023.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Public Health Agency of Canada's National Microbiology Laboratory (Winnipeg, Manitoba) collaborates with provincial and territorial public health laboratories to conduct national surveillance of IPD. Serotypes and minimum inhibitory concentrations were obtained from whole genome sequencing data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The incidence of IPD in Canada was 10.2 cases per 100,000 population in 2022, increasing from the low rate of 5.6 cases per 100,000 population in 2021. A total of 4,760 IPD isolates were collected during 2023. The most common serotypes overall were 3 (12.3%, n=587), 4 (12.2%, n=580), 22F (8.2%, n=391) and 9V (7.1%, n=340). Serotypes 4 (7.1%-12.2%, <i>p</i><0.0001) and 9V (1.3%-7.1%, <i>p</i><0.0001) also increased significantly in prevalence since 2019, resulting in an overall increase in the proportion of PCV15 and PCV20/non-V116 serotypes causing disease. The highest rates of antimicrobial resistance in 2023 were seen with clarithromycin (25.8%), doxycycline (17.5%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (15.9%). Multidrug-resistance continued to increase from 2019 to 2023 (8.4%-13.2%, <i>p</i><0.0001) and rates were highest in serotypes 9V, 15A, 19A, 23A and 35B.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The high number of IPD cases collected in 2023 represents a return to pre-SARS-CoV-2 pandemic disease activity. Several serotypes included in previous conjugate vaccine formulations are highly common or are increased in prevalence, including 3, 4 and 9V. Continued surveillance of pneumococcal serotypes is imperative to evaluate vaccine effectiveness, particularly as new vaccine formulations are approved and integrated into immunization schedules in Canada.</p>","PeriodicalId":94304,"journal":{"name":"Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada","volume":"52 1-2","pages":"36-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13038169/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147597373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}