Prevalence and awareness of hepatitis B and hepatitis C and vaccine-induced immunity to hepatitis B: Findings from the Canadian Health Measure Survey, 2016-2019.
Simone Périnet, Anson Williams, Qiuying Yang, Laurence Campeau, Jacqueline Day, Lindsey Lamboo, Emma R Lee, Carla Osiowy, Nashira Popovic
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Abstract
Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are sexually transmitted and blood-borne infections that Canada is committed to eliminate as public health concerns. Accurate epidemiological estimates require cross-sectional data as input. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of present HBV infection (hepatitis B surface antigen-positive) and proportion aware of their infection, the vaccine-induced HBV immunity, the prevalence of HCV antibodies (anti-HCV-positive), the prevalence of present HCV infection (RNA-positive) and proportion aware of their infection, in the household population in Canada. These outcomes were also examined by selected demographic characteristics.
Methods: A total of 7,543 sera from participants of the Canadian Health Measure Survey (CHMS) cycles 5 (2016-2017) and 6 (2018-2019) who consented to participate in Statistics Canada's Biobank were tested to determine their HBV and HCV status. Information from the CHMS household questionnaire was linked to the laboratory results to report on sociodemographic characteristics and awareness of infection.
Results: The stored serum combined response rate for this study, which takes into account households' and respondents' participation in the CHMS and the Biobank was 42.8%. The estimated prevalence of present HBV infection among people aged 14 to 79 years was 0.4% (95% CI: 0.1%-0.7%), of whom 49.0% (95% CI: 15.4%-82.6%) were aware of their infection. An estimated 39.0% (95% CI: 37.0%-41.0%) of people aged 11 to 79 years had laboratory evidence of vaccine-induced HBV immunity. An estimated 0.5% (95% CI: 0.2%-0.8%) of people aged 14 to 79 years were positive for anti-HCV, and 0.2% (95% CI: 0.0%-0.3%) had a present infection (RNA-positive), of whom 51.2% (95% CI: 9.5%-92.9%) were aware of their infection.
Conclusion: Cross-sectional data using nationally representative surveys are essential in assessing the burden of viral hepatitis.
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