Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease最新文献

{"title":"Is Childhood IgA Nephropathy Different From Adult IgA Nephropathy? A Narrative Review.","authors":"Areefa Alladin-Karan, Susan M Samuel, Andrew W Wade, Pietro Ravani, Silviu Grisaru, Ngan N Lam, Kathryn A Bernie, Robert R Quinn","doi":"10.1177/20543581251322571","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20543581251322571","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of the review: </strong>Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerular kidney disease. Children and adults are presumed to have the same disease and are treated similarly. However, there are differences between childhood IgAN and adult IgAN that may require unique treatment considerations, even after transition to adult nephrology services. A narrative review was conducted to compare childhood and adult IgAN and to describe the distinct characteristics of childhood IgAN. Reframing childhood IgAN can inform guideline recommendations unique to childhood IgAN, the development of targeted therapies, and clinical trial design.</p><p><strong>Sources of information: </strong>Medline and Embase were searched for reports on children and adults with IgAN published between January 2013 and December 2023 (updated May 2024). The search was not restricted by age group, outcomes reported, language, or study design. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), observational studies, review articles, and nephrology conference abstracts were included. A total of 3104 reports were retrieved. Forty-seven reports (37 primary studies and 10 reviews) were included in the review. Two RCTs and 35 observational studies included a total of 45 085 participants (9223 children and 35 862 adults).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Data were extracted for primary IgAN and not for IgA vasculitis-associated nephritis. Findings were described with no statistical comparisons due to variations in interventions and outcome definitions.</p><p><strong>Key findings: </strong>Gross hematuria was the obvious clinical difference between childhood IgAN and adult (60-88% vs 15-20%). Nephrotic syndrome was more common in children, approaching up to 44%, while <18% of adults had nephrotic syndrome. Children were biopsied sooner (6 vs 15 months) and had more inflammatory kidney lesions (mesangial hypercellularity: 41-82% vs 38-64%; endocapillary hypercellularity: 39-58% vs 17-34%). Chronic kidney lesions were more prevalent in adults (segmental sclerosis: 62-77% vs 8-51%; interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy: 34-37% vs 1-18%). The use of immunosuppressive therapy was higher in children (46-84% vs 35-56%). Children were started on immunosuppressive therapy sooner than adults. Adults were more likely to be optimized with renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (87-94% vs 49-75%). Children had better kidney function than adults at diagnosis (estimated glomerular filtration rate of 90-128 vs 50-88 ml/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>), and children also had better kidney survival, with kidney failure of 3.1% vs 13.4% at 5 years. Children had more risk alleles for IgAN and higher levels of mannose-binding lectin than adults.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>Most studies were retrospective and observational, with limited data on children and disease mechanisms. Data were not pooled for analysis because of important differences in definitions and measurements of baseline ","PeriodicalId":9426,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease","volume":"12 ","pages":"20543581251322571"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11898040/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143613500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Baseline Kidney Function on the Rate of Progressive Kidney Disease After Pregnancy: A Population-Based Cohort Study Research Protocol.","authors":"Lavanya Bathini, Nivethika Jeyakumar, Jessica Sontrop, Eric McArthur, Yuguang Kang, Bin Luo, Aminu Bello, David Collister, Sofia Ahmed, Padma Kaul, Erik Youngson, Branko Braam, Nir Melamed, Michelle Hladunewich, Amit X Garg","doi":"10.1177/20543581251318836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20543581251318836","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Better data are necessary to determine whether baseline level of kidney function affects the rate of progressive kidney disease following pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective was to determine whether the baseline (pre-pregnancy) estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) modifies the association between becoming pregnant and the subsequent rate of progressive kidney disease.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Population-based cohort study using provincial administrative health care databases in Ontario and Alberta, Canada.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>The sample will be accrued from April 1, 2007, to March 31, 2023, in Ontario and from April 1, 2012, to March 31, 2023, in Alberta. Follow-up for study outcomes will occur until March 31, 2024.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>The pregnant group will include adult female residents of Ontario or Alberta with a record of a pregnancy of 20 to 46 weeks' gestation during the accrual period, and the non-pregnant group will include adult female residents with no prior record of pregnancy. The cohort entry dates in those in the pregnant group will be the estimated date of conception; the entry dates for those in the non-pregnant group will be randomly assigned following the distribution of dates in the pregnant group. To be eligible, individuals must be between 18 and 45 years old at cohort entry. They require at least 1 serum creatinine measurement within 2 years before entry and should not have received maintenance dialysis or a prior kidney transplant. Both groups will be categorized into one of 3 levels of baseline eGFR (≥60, 45-59, and <45 mL/min per 1.73 m<sup>2</sup>). Inverse probability of treatment weighting on a propensity score will be used to balance the pregnant and non-pregnant groups on baseline characteristics (including age, proteinuria, hypertension, and diabetes) within the 3 categories of baseline eGFR.</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>The primary outcome, progressive kidney disease, will be defined as a composite of a persistent ≥40% drop in eGFR from the baseline value, a new persistent eGFR <15 mL/min per 1.73 m<sup>2</sup>, receipt of maintenance dialysis, or receipt of a kidney transplant. The secondary outcomes will be the components of the primary composite outcome examined separately and the annualized change in eGFR in mL/min per 1.73 m<sup>2</sup> from baseline.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We will test for statistical interaction to determine whether the baseline category of eGFR modifies the rate of long-term progressive kidney disease after pregnancy. We hypothesize that a statistical interaction will be present. We will present weighted cause-specific hazard ratios (HRs) and cumulative incidence function (CIF) curves for up to 10 years of follow-up for the pregnant and non-pregnant groups stratified by each eGFR category. We will perform additional pre-specified analyses to confirm whether the findings are ro","PeriodicalId":9426,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease","volume":"12 ","pages":"20543581251318836"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11869263/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143540377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shared Decision-Making Aid for Stroke-Prevention Strategies in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Receiving Maintenance Hemodialysis (SIMPLIFY-HD): A Mixed-Methods Study.","authors":"Olivier Massé, Noémie Maurice, Yu Hong, Claudia Mercurio, Catherine Tremblay, Lysane Senécal, Amélie Bernier-Jean, Nicolas Dugré, Gabriel Dallaire","doi":"10.1177/20543581241311077","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20543581241311077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent atrial fibrillation guidelines recommend shared decision-making between clinicians and patients when choosing stroke-prevention therapies. Although decision aids improve patients' knowledge and decisional conflicts, there is no decision aid for stroke-prevention strategies in people with atrial fibrillation receiving hemodialysis.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective was to develop and field test the first decision aid for Atrial Fibrillation in HemoDialysis (AFHD-DA) for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation and hemodialysis.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This is a sequential 3-phase mixed-methods study following the International Patient Decision Aid Standards and the Ottawa Decision Support Framework.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>This study was conducted in 2 ambulatory hemodialysis centers in Montreal and Laval (Canada).</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Adults with atrial fibrillation receiving hemodialysis and clinicians (physicians, pharmacists, or nurse practitioners) involved in their care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In phase 1, we conducted systematic and 2 rapid reviews and formed the steering committee to pilot the first version of AFHD-DA. In phase 2, we refined the AFHD-DA through 4 rounds of focus groups and interviews, using a qualitative analysis of transcripts and a descriptive analysis of acceptability and usability scores. In phase 3, we field-tested the decision aid during 16 simulated clinical consultations. We assessed decisional conflict and patient knowledge using before-and-after paired <i>t</i>-tests and compared the proportion of patients with high decisional conflict using McNemar's test. We used the Ottawa Hospital preparation for decision-making scale and participants' feedback to evaluate how AFHD-DA facilitated shared decision-making.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We enrolled 8 patients and 10 clinicians in phase 2. The predefined usability and acceptability thresholds (68 and 66, respectively) were reached. Theme saturation was achieved in the fourth round of focus groups and interviews. Four major themes emerged: acceptability, usability, decision-making process, and scientific value of the decision aid. Sixteen patients and 10 clinicians field-tested the decision aid in phase 3. In clinical settings, AFHD-DA significantly decreased the mean decisional conflict score from 41.0 to 13.6 (<i>P</i> < .001) and the proportion of patients with decisional conflicts from 81.3 to 18.8% (<i>P</i> = .002). It improved the patients' mean knowledge score from 62.7 to 76.6 (<i>P</i> = .001), and 81% of patients and 90% of clinicians felt highly prepared for decision-making. Clinical consultations lasted, on average, 21 minutes (standard deviation = 8).</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>The main limitations were the low quality of existing literature, the small number of participants, and the absence of a control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The","PeriodicalId":9426,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease","volume":"12 ","pages":"20543581241311077"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11843691/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143482100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and Pathological Characteristics of Non-AL Amyloidosis MGRS: A Single-Center Experience Over 10 Years.","authors":"Chunpeng Nie, Holly Lee, Kim Cheema, Peter Duggan, Sylvia McCulloch, Jason Tay, Paola Neri, Nizar J Bahlis, Victor H Jimenez-Zepeda","doi":"10.1177/20543581251318830","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20543581251318830","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS) is a heterogeneous and relatively recently defined disorder that encompasses many kidney and hematologic pathologies. MGRS remains a rare disease and there is a need for more literature regarding its treatment and outcomes. In this study, we share our center's experience with MGRS including incidence of different kidney pathologies, clone type, kidney and hematologic response, and progression-free survival.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from 35 patients diagnosed with MGRS excluding light-chain amyloidosis between 2013 and 2022 at a single Canadian tertiary care center were retrospectively analyzed. All cases required kidney biopsy. Initial treatment included regimens containing bortezomib, rituximab, or cyclosporine, or steroids only. Parameters studied included incidence of different kidney pathologies, clone type, depth of hematologic response, kidney survival (KS), overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 35 patients, there were 10 cases of monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease, 8 of proliferative glomerulonephritis with immune deposits, 5 of microtubular immune deposits including immunotactoid and types 1 and 2 cryoglobulinemic nephropathy, 3 of C3 glomerulonephritis, and 9 of other diagnoses. There were 21 cases with a plasma cell clone identified in bone marrow, 2 each of B cell and low-grade lymphoma, 1 atypical T cell clone, and 9 cases without an expanded clone on bone marrow biopsy. A total of 6 patients required kidney replacement therapy and 4 patients died; the median PFS was 59.3 months. Very good partial hematologic response or better was significantly associated with decreased proteinuria but not preserved eGFR. There was a non-significant trend toward better PFS with hematologic response.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our experience confirms that MGRS is a heterogeneous disease and adds to the literature concerning the diagnosis and treatment of MGRS. Successful treatment of the underlying hematologic disorder with targeted therapy is more likely to lead to an improvement in kidney function.</p>","PeriodicalId":9426,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease","volume":"12 ","pages":"20543581251318830"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11843701/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143481839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultivating Innovative, Pragmatic, Randomized Controlled Registry Trials Embedded in Hemodialysis Care: Conference Proceeding From Gardener's Grove 2023.","authors":"Bryn Tannar, Patricia Olar, Shane Kilburn, Kathleen Brown-Blake, Ahmed A Al-Jaishi, Peter G Blake, Kristin K Clemens, Charles Cook, Laura M Dember, Stephanie N Dixon, Cory E Goldstein, Areef Ishani, Catherine Joyes, Conor Judge, James C Kaufman, Susan Q Mackenzie, Taylor McLinden, Amber O Molnar, Alicia Murdoch, Gihad Nesrallah, Sanjay Pandeya, Claudio Rigatto, Pavel S Roshanov, Melissa Schorr, Samuel A Silver, Rona M Smith, Leanne Stalker, Navdeep Tangri, Monica Taljaard, Karthik K Tennankore, Hans Vorster, Charles Weijer, Myles Wolf, Merrick Zwarenstein, Amit X Garg","doi":"10.1177/20543581251318442","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20543581251318442","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Purpose of the conference: &lt;/strong&gt;Hemodialysis is a life-sustaining treatment for patients with end-stage kidney disease. However, patients on dialysis continue to face poor quality of life and short life expectancies. Despite this, the nephrology community conducts the fewest randomized controlled trials of any medical discipline, relying instead on expert opinion to guide many aspects of hemodialysis care. There is a need to conduct high-quality pragmatic randomized controlled trials in hemodialysis to drive evidence-based practice. To this end, the Innovative Clinical Trials in Hemodialysis Centers initiative, with the support of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and its Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research, funded the development of 6 pragmatic trial protocols. Gardener's Grove 2023 created a space to support the development of these trials and increase awareness and knowledge of past, ongoing, and future innovative, pragmatic, randomized controlled registry trials embedded in routine hemodialysis care. This report summarizes the proceedings of this conference.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sources of information: &lt;/strong&gt;The conference included 6 panel presentations, each featuring an overview of a new pragmatic trial followed by expert panel feedback from patient partners, nephrologists, researchers, and health care providers. The conference also included 10 educational sessions led by clinicians and researchers with experience in the fields of kidney medicine and clinical trials.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Gardener's Grove 2023 was a 4-day virtual conference held in March of 2023. Recordings of all the conference presentations were later published on the Gardener's Grove website and are summarized in the Supplemental Appendix of this report.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Key findings: &lt;/strong&gt;The conference brought together 118 Canadian and international researchers, patients, and health care providers to collaborate on 6 pragmatic trials intended to test interventions to improve hemodialysis care. The proposed trials included (1) PREventing FracturEs in REnal Disease (PREFERRED), (2) DIALysis with EXpanded solute removal (DIALEX), (3) Sodium fOr diaLysis oUTcome rEduction (SOLUTE), (4) Finding the right blood pressure target for patients on dialysis, (5) DIuretic Use in patients with Residual renal function on hemodialysis (DIURESED), and (6) Lower vs higher dialysate bicarbonate concentration in patients receiving hemodialysis (Dial-Bicarb). All of these interventions were widely supported and received valuable feedback from panelists and conference attendees. The education sessions focused on various design and execution elements of pragmatic, randomized controlled registry trials embedded in routine care.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Limitations: &lt;/strong&gt;The conference could have been improved by streamlining session topics and pacing, allowing additional time for discussions, strengthening online network opportunities, and improving survey response ","PeriodicalId":9426,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease","volume":"12 ","pages":"20543581251318442"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11829301/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143432580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic Benign Tubular Albuminuria From Compound Heterozygous Variants in <i>CUBN</i>: A Case Report.","authors":"Adam Pietrobon, Mark D Elliott","doi":"10.1177/20543581251317016","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20543581251317016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale: </strong>Albuminuria is a commonly used parameter for predicting decline in kidney filtration function. Cubilin, encoded by <i>CUBN</i>, is a critical protein involved in protein reabsorption in the proximal tubule. Mutations in <i>CUBN</i> lead to Imerslund-Gräsbeck syndrome (IGS), a disorder characterized by vitamin B12 deficiency (and consequences related to that) with or without albuminuria. Recent evidence suggests that C-terminal variants in <i>CUBN</i> may lead to albuminuria without other features of IGS.</p><p><strong>Presenting concerns of the patient: </strong>Here, we report a case of a 52-year-old male with chronic, albumin-predominant, subnephrotic range proteinuria since his teenage years, but preserved estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).</p><p><strong>Interventions: </strong>Neither angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition nor angiotensin Type II (AT-II) receptor blockade reduced his degree of albuminuria.</p><p><strong>Diagnosis: </strong>Genetic testing identified 3 distinct pathogenic variants in <i>CUBN</i> that were confirmed by segregation analysis to be a compound heterozygous mode of inheritance. All variants were downstream of the intrinsic factor-vitamin B12 binding domain of cubilin. The patient had normal vitamin B12 levels and did not exhibit any features of IGS.</p><p><strong>Outcomes: </strong>Kidney biopsy was not pursued for this patient as diagnostic clarification was achieved by non-invasive genetic testing alone.</p><p><strong>Novel findings: </strong>This case highlights several important lessons. First, not all albuminuria is made equal, and forms of tubular albuminuria can exist without compromising kidney filtration function. Second, identifying genetic forms of tubular albuminuria is key to avoiding ineffective interventions (eg, ACE inhibition, AT-II receptor blockade, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 [SGLT2] inhibition) and unnecessary invasive procedures (eg, kidney biopsy). Third, the location of <i>CUBN</i> variants dictates phenotypic consequences, with C-terminal variants leading to albuminuria without vitamin B12 deficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":9426,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease","volume":"12 ","pages":"20543581251317016"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11795617/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143254628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Evaluation of Change in Psychosocial Risk With Caregivers of Children With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Short-term Longitudinal Mixed-Methods Study.","authors":"Caroline C Piotrowski, Kira Kudar, Julie Strong, Ashley Giesbrecht, Anne Kazak, Katerina Pappas, Gina Rempel, Aviva Goldberg","doi":"10.1177/20543581241307064","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20543581241307064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic and its accompanying safeguards intensified many of the ongoing daily challenges faced by caregivers of young people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) both pre-transplant and post-transplant, and also created a variety of new and pressing concerns. Little is known about how these families managed this unexpected adversity in their lives.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate change in psychosocial risk for families of young people with CKD during the COVID-19 pandemic health emergency from the perspective of caregivers.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A short-term longitudinal mixed-methods study with a convergent parallel design.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Manitoba, Canada.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Thirty-six caregivers of young people with CKD participated in a quantitative assessment prior to the pandemic; approximately half were transplant recipients. Thirteen were re-assessed during the pandemic (62% were caregivers of transplant recipients) using both qualitative and quantitative assessments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>First, caregivers completed the Psychosocial Assessment Tool (PAT) prior to the pandemic. Second, caregivers were re-assessed using the PAT during the pandemic. They were also interviewed about their experiences. Changes in PAT scores over time were evaluated, including an investigation of whether psychosocial risk was related to transplant status. Interviews were coded using thematic analysis. In the interpretation stage, the qualitative findings were combined with the quantitative results to help explain the latter and reach a more fulsome understanding of caregivers' experience.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Quantitatively, overall family psychosocial risk scores increased significantly during the pandemic health emergency, as did the domain of Caregiver Problems. Families of transplant recipients were found to be at significantly lower psychosocial risk pre-pandemic than families of transplant candidates. Coding identified Negative Pandemic Experiences, Positive Pandemic Experiences, and Coping Mechanisms. Mixed-methods analyses revealed several areas of convergence and divergence between the quantitative and qualitative findings.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>Limitations included a small sample size that limited generalizability, single site data collection, and single caregiver report.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although overall family psychosocial risk increased during the pandemic, caregivers described several resilience processes and characteristics. A mixed-method approach provided a unique perspective that highlighted the value of integrating quantitative and qualitative findings. Results were discussed within the pediatric psychosocial preventive health model framework.</p>","PeriodicalId":9426,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease","volume":"12 ","pages":"20543581241307064"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11773513/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143058240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Prescribing for Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease Through the Development and Validation of Algorithms for Community Pharmacists.","authors":"Jennifer Morris, Marisa Battistella, Karthik Tennankore, Steven Soroka, Cynthia Kendell, Penelope Poyah, Keigan More, Mathew Grandy, Thomas Ransom, Natalie Kennie-Kaulbach, Daniel Rainkie, Jaclyn Tran, Syed Sibte Raza Abidi, Samina Abidi, Nicole Fulford, Heather Neville, Heather Naylor, Lisa Woodill, Andrea Bishop, Glenn Rodrigues, Diane Harpell, Michelle Stewart, Jo-Anne Wilson","doi":"10.1177/20543581241309974","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20543581241309974","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Diabetes is the leading cause of kidney disease and contributes to 38% of kidney failure requiring dialysis. A gap in detection and management of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) exists in primary care. Community pharmacists are positioned to support those not able to access kidney care through traditional pathways. Algorithms were developed and validated to assist community pharmacists in identifying individuals with T2D in CKD and prescribing kidney-protective medications.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;The objective was to develop and validate pharmacist algorithms to confirm T2D and CKD and to prescribe guideline-directed therapies for individuals with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 30 to 60 mL/min/1.73 m² in community pharmacy primary care clinics in Nova Scotia.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Design: &lt;/strong&gt;Lynn's method was utilized for algorithm development and content validation. Interview data were analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Setting: &lt;/strong&gt;Pharmacists working in primary care clinic settings completed content and face algorithm validation, and virtual interviews were conducted following each round of validation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Patients: &lt;/strong&gt;The algorithms aim to support individuals with T2D and CKD in primary care by optimizing the resources and capacity of community pharmacists while ensuring safety and quality of care through a team-based approach. Patient partners were not part of algorithm development and validation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Measurements: &lt;/strong&gt;Content validity was computed using an item-level content validity index (I-CVI) and scale-level content validity index (S-CVI/Ave) per round. To measure face validity, percentages of those that \"agreed\" or \"strongly agreed\" to five statements were calculated.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Evidence- and expert-informed algorithms were developed and revised using Lynn's 3-step method (domain identification, item generation per domain, and instrument formation). Best evidence was collated with literature searches, and experts in nephrology, endocrinology, family medicine, nursing, and pharmacy revised the algorithms until there was consensus agreement on 4 final algorithms (detection of T2D and CKD, initiation/titration of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers, and initiation/management of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and finerenone). Six community pharmacists per round for 3 rounds were needed to validate the algorithms. A 2-part questionnaire was utilized where pharmacists rated content and face validity using Likert scales. I-CVI and S-CVI/Ave per round and across 3 rounds were determined. Percentages were calculated for the rating level of agreement to 5 statements. Interviews were conducted and analyzed. Revisions were made to the algorithms between rounds.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Eighteen community pharmacists (6 per roun","PeriodicalId":9426,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease","volume":"12 ","pages":"20543581241309974"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11744630/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143000720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental Sustainability Is Needed in Kidney Care: Patient, Donor, and Provider Perspectives.","authors":"Nancy Verdin, Agnes Black, Caroline Stigant","doi":"10.1177/20543581241308642","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20543581241308642","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9426,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease","volume":"12 ","pages":"20543581241308642"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736729/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143000653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Assessment of Living Kidney Transplant Donors: A Survey of Canadian Practices.","authors":"Somaya Zahran, Ke Fan Bei, Aisha Adil, Princess Okoh, Thomas Kitzler, Ahsan Alam","doi":"10.1177/20543581241293200","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20543581241293200","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Kidney failure is a prevalent condition with tendency for familial clustering in up to 27% of the affected individuals. Living kidney donor (LKD) transplantation is the optimal treatment option; however, in Canada, more than 45% of LKDs are biologically related to their recipients which subjects recipients to worse graft survival and donors to higher future risk of kidney failure. Although not fully understood, this observation could be partially explained by genetic predisposition to kidney diseases. Genetic testing of potential LKDs may improve risk assessment and inform the safety of donation. The strategies to evaluate these donors are still evolving. In Canada, little is known about the practice of assessing for genetic conditions among LKDs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aim: &lt;/strong&gt;The aim was to examine the Canadian practices regarding LKDs genetic assessment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Questionnaires were sent to 23 Canadian adult transplant centers to examine their protocols for LKDs genetic assessment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Design: &lt;/strong&gt;The questionnaire comprised of 10 sections and 21 questions including case scenarios of different LKD encounters. Major domains of the survey addressed general demographics, information sharing practices, effect of mode of inheritance on candidacy decision, having a policy for LKD genetic evaluation, and case scenarios covering the following conditions: autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), Alport syndrome, Fabry disease, familial focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease (ADTKD), sickle cell, and apolipoprotein L1 mutation (APOL1).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Participants: &lt;/strong&gt;The questionnaire was sent to the living-donor assessment committee representative (nephrologist) in adult and pediatric kidney transplant centers across Canada.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;In total, 16 of 23 Canadian centers responded to the survey. Of the 8 surveyed genetic conditions, ADPKD, Alport syndrome, and aHUS were the most frequently encountered. More centers have specific policies for donor evaluation for ADPKD (25%) and aHUS (21.4%) vs none to very few for other genetic conditions. The most cited guidelines are Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO), Canadian Society of Nephrology/Canadian Society of Transplantation (CSN/CST), and the Canadian Blood Services' Kidney Paired Donation Protocol.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Canadian transplant centers follow a case-by-case approach rather than a standard protocol for genetic assessment of LKDs given that current guideline recommendations are based on expert opinion due to a lack of a reliable body of evidence. With the expected rise in utilization of the increasingly available genetic testing, early multidisciplinary assessment including medical geneticists has the potential to improve personalized management. Studies examini","PeriodicalId":9426,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease","volume":"12 ","pages":"20543581241293200"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11724417/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142969740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}