Resuscitation plus最新文献

{"title":"Pulse check accuracy in pediatrics during resuscitation: a systematic review","authors":"Stephan Katzenschlager ,&nbsp;Jason Acworth ,&nbsp;Lokesh Kumar Tiwari ,&nbsp;Monica Kleinmann ,&nbsp;Michelle Myburgh ,&nbsp;Jimena del Castillo ,&nbsp;Vinay Nadkarni ,&nbsp;Thomaz Bittencourt Couto ,&nbsp;Janice A. Tijssen ,&nbsp;Laurie J. Morrison ,&nbsp;Allan DeCaen ,&nbsp;Barnaby R. Scholefield ,&nbsp;International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation ILCOR ILCOR Pediatric Life Support Task Force","doi":"10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100959","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100959","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim of the study</h3><div>Current guidelines advise rescuers to initiate cardiopulmonary resuscitation if a child is unresponsive, not breathing normally, and shows no signs of life. Manual pulse checks are considered unreliable and time-consuming. This systematic review evaluates the accuracy and duration of recommended pulse check methods during pediatric cardiac arrest and explores emerging diagnostic techniques.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>For this systematic review (PROSPERO ID CRD42024549535) three databases (PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane) were searched for articles published on this topic. An initial search was conducted on April 24, 2024, with an updated search using the same search strategy on February 16, 2025. Two authors independently screened the articles. One author extracted the data while a second author double-checked it. Quality and certainty of the evidence were evaluated using the QUADAS-2 and GRADE tools evaluated the evidence’s quality and certainty. Studies were included if they compared manual pulse checks against alternative pulse check sites or other methods in pediatric patients. The data is presented descriptively.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of three studies were included. These studies involved 39 pediatric patients and a total of 376 pulse checks. Out of the 47 infants and children included, only 14 were in cardiac arrest. The remaining 33 patients were on mechanical circulatory support with either VA-ECMO or LVAD. In total, 183 nurses and 181 physicians performed 376 pulse or ultrasound checks. Due to their specialty, 122 nurses and 89 doctors were classified as experienced. Sensitivity and specificity of manual pulse check ranged from 76 to 100% and 64–79%, respectively. When experienced providers conducted pulse checks, sensitivity and specificity were higher (76–100% and 62–82%, respectively) compared to inexperienced providers (67–82% and 44–95%).</div><div>The mean duration of pulse checks was 20 s, with an accuracy of 85%.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Despite high heterogeneity among included studies, manual pulse checks only achieved moderate accuracy with a prolonged duration. This suggests that manual pulse checks are unreliable in children for determination cardiac arrest state and need for ongoing CPR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94192,"journal":{"name":"Resuscitation plus","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100959"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the optimal timing for advanced airway management for adult patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A retrospective observational study from a multicenter registry","authors":"Yuki Kishihara ,&nbsp;Shunsuke Amagasa ,&nbsp;Hideto Yasuda ,&nbsp;Masahiro Kashiura ,&nbsp;Yutaro Shinzato ,&nbsp;Takashi Moriya","doi":"10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100957","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100957","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>We aimed to investigate the appropriate timing for advanced airway management (AAM) in witnessed adult non-traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) by adjusting for resuscitation time bias and limiting the analysis to witnessed OHCA.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective observational study used a multicentre OHCA registry involving 99 participating hospitals in Japan and included adult patients with witnessed non-traumatic OHCA who underwent AAM during resuscitation. The primary and secondary outcomes were favourable 30-day neurological outcomes and survival, respectively. The time from emergency medical service contact to AAM was categorised as follows: 1–5, 6–10, 11–15, 16–20, 21–25, and 26–30 min. In each group, we calculated the time-dependent propensity score using a Fine-Gray regression model. After propensity score matching, we used a generalised estimating equation (GEE).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 16,448 patients who underwent AAM were matched with patients at risk of requiring AAM. AAM was associated with favourable 30-day neurological outcomes when performed at 6–10 and 16–20 min with RRs (95% CIs) of 1.41 (1.12–1.78), but not at 16–20 min (0.74 [0.56–0.99]), respectively. AAM was associated with improved 30-day survival at 1–5 and 6–10 min (1.22 [1.05–1.41], 1.33 [1.16–1.54], respectively), but not at 16–20 min (0.78 [0.62–0.97].</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Performing AAM within 10 min was associated with improved outcomes compared with those at risk of receiving AAM. However, the results were not consistent across all groups, therefore, careful interpretation is required.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94192,"journal":{"name":"Resuscitation plus","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100957"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143868057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of school-based CPR training – A systematic review and mixed-methods meta-analysis","authors":"Mahan Sadjadi ,&nbsp;Rebecca Brülle ,&nbsp;Umut Onbasilar ,&nbsp;Hendrik Booke ,&nbsp;Christian Strauß ,&nbsp;Thilo von Groote ,&nbsp;Hugo van Aken ,&nbsp;Antje Gottschalk","doi":"10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100955","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100955","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>Despite initiatives like “Kids Save Lives”, CPR trainings are often poorly implemented, and bystander CPR rates remain low. This systematic review and mixed-methods <em>meta</em>-analysis of qualitative and quantitative studies aims to identify enablers and barriers to the implementation of school-based CPR training.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic search was conducted across seven databases. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic synthesis, and findings were evaluated with GRADE-CERQual. Quantitative data were synthesized through qualitative findings, providing deeper context using a convergent qualitative <em>meta</em>-integration approach.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 18 reports (7 qualitative and 11 quantitative) on school-based CPR training were included from an initial pool of 7914 records. Key enablers of successful school-based CPR training implementation were related either to program characteristics or to environmental factors, with both being equally important. Generally, programs are better implemented if they include high-quality resources, incur low costs in terms of funds, time and staffing, show adaptability to the setting in which they are implemented, and provide standardized training for teachers or implementers. Regarding environment factors, implementation is facilitated by broad support from school stakeholders (leadership, teachers, and parents) and is more successful where, supported by mandatory legislation and government endorsement, health is framed as a core business of schools.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The successful implementation of school-based CPR training depends on both program characteristics and environmental factors, operating together in a “seed and soil” manner. Addressing both aspects is essential for effective program planning. Future research should more broadly explore health outcomes beyond CPR-related measures and investigate how CPR training can be integrated into wider health-promoting school initiatives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94192,"journal":{"name":"Resuscitation plus","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100955"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143848712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in tracheostomy placement after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest","authors":"Francisco Gallegos-Koyner ,&nbsp;Nelson Barrera ,&nbsp;Ricardo M. Carvalhais ,&nbsp;David H. Chong ,&nbsp;Anica Law ,&nbsp;Ari Moskowitz","doi":"10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100956","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100956","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a major public health burden. The purpose of this study was to assess the incidence of tracheostomy placement after OHCA and to evaluate trends over time and cost.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using the National Inpatient Sample data 2016–2021, we examined a weighted sample of adults admitted after OHCA who underwent mechanical ventilation within the first 24 h of arrival and had an admission longer than 24 h. The primary outcome of interest was incidence of tracheostomy placement after cardiac arrest. Secondary outcomes of interest included hospitalization costs, days to tracheostomy placement, length of stay and discharge disposition.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 47,550 admissions fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Of those, 1,450 (3.0%) patients received a tracheostomy during their hospitalization. There was no change in the incidence of tracheostomy placement over the analyzed years. Median hospitalization costs for patients with OHCA who received a tracheostomy were $96,038 (IQR= $66,415−$148,633). Hospitalization costs steadily increased over the analyzed years, from $83,668 in 2016 to $109,032 in 2021. Median days to tracheostomy placement was 11 days (IQR = 8–15) and median length of stay of patients with OHCA and tracheostomy was 23 days (IQR = 16–36). There was no significant change over the years in days to tracheostomy placement or in length of stay to explain the increase in hospitalization costs. Among patients with tracheostomy, 76.2% were discharged to a Skilled Nursing Facility, 13.8% died, 4.8% were discharged to a short-term hospital, and 5.2% were discharged home.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>An estimated 3.0% of patients who are admitted to the hospital after OHCA and require mechanical ventilation will receive a tracheostomy. Between 2016–2021 the rates and timing of tracheostomy placement remained stable in patients admitted with OHCA. However, we observed a rise in hospitalization costs associated with patients admitted for OHCA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94192,"journal":{"name":"Resuscitation plus","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100956"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143851948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of social media platforms in adult basic life support research: a scoping review","authors":"Nino Fijačko ,&nbsp;Sebastian Schnaubelt ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Stirparo ,&nbsp;Elena Maria Ticozzi ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Ristagno ,&nbsp;Federico Semeraro ,&nbsp;Robert Greif","doi":"10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100953","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100953","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Social media (SoMe) is expanding globally, with increasing adoption in research, including resuscitation science. Its widespread reach and growing influence make it a valuable tool for research and knowledge dissemination. We aimed to assess the utilization of SoMe, highlight its applications, and identify future research areas, specifically in data collection and analysis, education and training, and professional networking and collaboration.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Embase, Scopus, and PubMed were searched through October 30th, 2024. Titles and abstracts were screened, and duplicates removed. The PCC (Population, Concept, and Context) framework defined the population as SoMe users, the concept as adult BLS-related content, and the context as SoMe platforms used for data analysis, data collection, teaching, campaigns, communication, and sharing, excluding traditional media.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The search yielded 5,427 articles, with 201 undergoing full-text review and 42 included. Most studies were from high-income countries (19/42; 45%) and had a cross-sectional design (16/42; 36%). SoMe was primarily used for data analysis (17/42; 41%) and data collection (16/42; 36%). YouTube and X were the frequently applied SoMe platforms (12 studies each; 29%), while Instagram and WhatsApp supported diverse applications. In contrast, Snapchat and TikTok were used less frequently and for narrower purposes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Existing studies focus on data collection and analysis, mainly via YouTube and X, but inconsistencies in design and geography call for standardized reporting to enhance comparability and impact. Future studies could standardize reporting on SoMe applications in adult BLS using established frameworks to ensure comparability and effectiveness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94192,"journal":{"name":"Resuscitation plus","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100953"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organ donation under V-A ECMO support: insights and recommendations from Japan’s first two cases","authors":"Futoshi Nagashima ,&nbsp;Daisaku Matsui ,&nbsp;Takashi Hazama ,&nbsp;Korehito Takasu ,&nbsp;Tomoya Matsuda ,&nbsp;Tomoaki Nakai ,&nbsp;Naru Kageyama ,&nbsp;Tomohiro Oda ,&nbsp;Junko Nagata ,&nbsp;Eriko Sugie ,&nbsp;Yuki Yamaoka","doi":"10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100952","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100952","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The use of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A ECMO) has expanded globally as a life-saving intervention of cardiac arrest. However, brain death following successful resuscitation presents unique clinical and procedural challenges, particularly in apnea testing, electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring, and organ donation. Despite increasing international adoption of ECMO, standardized protocol for brain death determination under ECMO remain limited.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study describes Japan’s first two cases of legal brain death determination and organ donation under V-A ECMO support, conducted in accordance with Japan’s legal standards. Each case was managed through close multidisciplinary collaboration and tailored clinical planning. Key procedural challenges were addressed, including adaptation of apnea testing via controlled sweep gas flow reduction, minimization of EEG artifacts through strategic technical adjustments, and intraoperative planning to ensure stable organ perfusion. Based on these experiences, we developed an institutional protocol to support safe and standardized brain death determination and organ retrieval under ECMO.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both cases were successfully completed without significant complications, offering valuable insights into ECMO-assisted organ donation. Key considerations included optimizing sweep gas flow to achieve PaCO₂ targets during apnea testing, minimizing artifacts in EEG monitoring through strategic device placement, and ensuring effective organ perfusion by integrating a Y-shaped circuit into the ECMO system. While the absence of standardized protocols posed challenges, particularly in managing prolonged apnea testing and optimizing organ perfusion, these were overcome through robust multidisciplinary collaboration and meticulous planning.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study suggests that brain death organ donation under ECMO can be performed under specific conditions, even in countries where its adoption has been limited. Establishing a safe and standardized determination process may enhance organ donation and expand the pool of transplantable organs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94192,"journal":{"name":"Resuscitation plus","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100952"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyzing resuscitation conference content through the lens of the chain of survival","authors":"Nino Fijačko ,&nbsp;Sebastian Schnaubelt ,&nbsp;Vinay M Nadkarni ,&nbsp;Špela Metličar ,&nbsp;Robert Greif","doi":"10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100951","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100951","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Resuscitation science today often focuses on advanced topics such as extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation or targeted temperature management. However, the specific topics presented at resuscitation conferences have not been thoroughly analyzed. We thus analyzed resuscitation conferences abstracts using a chain of survival framework.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Two major resuscitation conferences (Resuscitation in Greece and Resuscitation Science Symposium in the USA) took place in the fall of 2024. We categorized all abstracts using chain of survival framework, analyzing authors’ countries by geography and income. Additionally, artificial intelligence, deep learning, and machine learning approaches for data analysis were examined.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>“Recognition and prevention” was the top category at both conferences, comprising 37% of topics at Resuscitation 2024 and 32% at Resuscitation Science Symposium 2024. “Early Call for Help”, “High-quality Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation”, and “Recovery and rehabilitation” were underrepresented, with each &lt;8%. At Resuscitation Science Symposium 2024, “Post-cardiac arrest care” (31%) and “Early defibrillation and advanced life support” (26%) were emphasized, compared to 21% each at Resuscitation 2024 for both chains. Resuscitation 2024 featured participants from 51 countries while Resuscitation Science Symposium 2024 included participants from 19 countries, predominantly high-income ones. At Resuscitation 2024, 54 abstracts, and at Resuscitation Science Symposium 2024, 47 abstracts used machine learning, each with one employing artificial intelligence. None used deep learning.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Conference abstracts aligned mainly with the early links of chain of survival and employing machine learning as a data analysis tool. Expanding participation from low-income countries could enhance inclusivity and contribute valuable perspectives to resuscitation science.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94192,"journal":{"name":"Resuscitation plus","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100951"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FirstCPR: A pragmatic community organisation-based cluster randomised trial to increase community training and preparedness to respond to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest","authors":"Sonali Munot ,&nbsp;Julie Redfern ,&nbsp;Janet E Bray ,&nbsp;Blake Angell ,&nbsp;Andrew Coggins ,&nbsp;Alan Robert Denniss ,&nbsp;Garry Jennings ,&nbsp;Sarah Khanlari ,&nbsp;Pramesh Kovoor ,&nbsp;Saurabh Kumar ,&nbsp;Kevin Lai ,&nbsp;Simone Marschner ,&nbsp;Paul M. Middleton ,&nbsp;Ian Oppermann ,&nbsp;Zoe Rock ,&nbsp;Christopher Semsarian ,&nbsp;Matthew Vukasovic ,&nbsp;Adrian Bauman ,&nbsp;Clara K. Chow","doi":"10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100949","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100949","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and defibrillation improve out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survival. However, basic life support (BLS) skills are low.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>The FirstCPR cluster randomised controlled trial aimed to test the effectiveness of a community organisation-targeted BLS education and training approach.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Clusters (community organisations with 50+ members) were randomly allocated to intervention (12-month period of opportunities to access BLS education and training) or control (no intervention). Outcomes were assessed via surveys at 12 months and pre-specified analysis involved hierarchical mixed-models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 165 randomised clusters (82 intervention), 58% were sports and 42% were social/faith-based. Most of the intervention clusters (74/82) participated in at least one intervention activity (15 in all activities). Factors such as the COVID-19 pandemic and organisation support impacted intervention uptake. Overall 924 members, across 93 clusters (407 from 57 intervention clusters; 517 from 36 control clusters), completed surveys. At 12-months, intervention organisation surveyed members reported higher rates of: being trained and willing to perform CPR on a stranger (primary outcome: 63.8% vs 46.9 %; Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) 2.22, 95% confidence interval (CI):1.50–3.30), confidence to use an automated external defibrillator (AED) (48.4% vs 26.4%; AOR:3.23, 95%CI:2.22–4.71) and willingness to use AEDs on a stranger (73.9% vs 62.9%; AOR:1.84, 95%CI:1.22–2.80).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The results should be interpreted cautiously as the survey response rates were very low. However, survey respondents showed desired outcomes and key learnings for future research were gained.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94192,"journal":{"name":"Resuscitation plus","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100949"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“I can’t unsee him lying in my kitchen”: Understanding the trauma of family members who witness a loved one’s cardiac arrest","authors":"Katie N. Dainty ,&nbsp;Krystle Amog ,&nbsp;Sachin Agarwal ,&nbsp;M. Bianca Seaton","doi":"10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100944","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100944","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>While there is a growing body of research in the field of post-cardiac arrest outcomes and survivorship, the lived experience of close family members who witness the arrest itself and who may have performed CPR, has not been specifically explored.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We employed qualitative interpretive descriptive methodology using key informant interviews for data collection. Participants were recruited internationally, and interviews were conducted virtually following a semi-structured format. Thematic data analysis was conducted using a constant comparative approach.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Interviews were conducted with 33 family members who were present at the time of their loved ones cardiac arrest. Across the participant stories, we identified the core concept of ‘base trauma’ that centres around what family member witnesses initially experience at the time of the arrest itself. We postulate that this core theme influences six significant patterns of experience including: 1) feelings of responsibility, 2) fear of recurrence without them, 3) the impact of reliving the event, 4) the inability to escape triggers, 5) the delayed realization of their own trauma, and lastly 6) dealing with psychologic disconnect.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>There is increasing research evidence that family members of cardiac arrest survivors have their own challenges as part of the recovery journey. We introduce novel concept of the compounded impact of the initial base trauma those that witness and respond to a loved ones cardiac arrest have. The nuanced experiences of this group point to the need to normalize their experience as a ‘trauma’ and suggest that support pathways need to recognize this.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94192,"journal":{"name":"Resuscitation plus","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100944"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143777486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resuscitation education science meets virtual and augmented reality: Evolution from potential concept to recommendations","authors":"Nino Fijačko ,&nbsp;Manuel Pardo Rios ,&nbsp;Federico Semeraro ,&nbsp;Vinay M Nadkarni ,&nbsp;Robert Greif","doi":"10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100950","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100950","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim of the study</h3><div>This study aims to examine the evolution of recommendations for integrating Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) into adult Basic Life Support (BLS) education over time.</div></div><div><h3>Data sources</h3><div>In December 2024, we conducted a two-phase search. First, we identified and reviewed publications available on the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) webpage, focusing on resuscitation education science, specifically addressing VR and/or AR in adult BLS education. In the second phase, we reviewed the references and citations of the included publication to identify relevant publications from the American Heart Association (AHA), European Resuscitation Council (ERC), and ILCOR.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Across both phases, we included 29 AHA, ERC, and ILCOR publications on resuscitation education. These comprised 16 ILCOR CoSTRs, seven AHA/ERC guidelines (four ERC, three AHA), three ILCOR scientific statements, two AHA scientific statements, and one ILCOR review. The first mention of VR appeared in 2003, but the first recommendation was provided in 2020 AHA guidelines, suggesting its use for adult BLS training based on very low-quality evidence. In 2024, the ILCOR CoSTRs issued a weak recommendation supporting AR and a weak recommendation against VR for adult BLS training, both based on very low-quality evidence.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>While VR/AR is gaining traction in resuscitation training, its effectiveness remains debated. Initially focused on professionals, it now extends to laypersons and schoolchildren. However, strong evidence is lacking. Future research should assess learning outcomes, guideline adherence, and patient impact to support stronger ILCOR recommendations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94192,"journal":{"name":"Resuscitation plus","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100950"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}