Acceptance and feasibility of virtual reality for teaching adult basic life support in older populations

IF 2.4 Q3 CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE

Resuscitation plus Pub Date : 2025-09-23 DOI:10.1016/j.resplu.2025.101111

Ana Belen Ocampo Cervantes , Carmen Amalia Lopez Lopez , Robert Greif , Federico Semeraro , Manuel Pardo Rios , Nino Fijačko

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Abstract

Background

Virtual reality (VR) is emerging in adult Basic Life Support (BLS) training, but its acceptance among older adults has not been fully studied. This study aimed to develop expert-informed BLS content for both VR and laptop formats, and to evaluate the feasibility, usability, knowledge acquisition, satisfaction, and cybersickness of these platforms among older adult learners.

Methods

A two-phase mixed-methods study was conducted. Five experts co-developed and validated a VR/laptop-compatible adult BLS scenario based on the 2021 European Resuscitation Council guidelines. This scenario was then tested by older adults who voluntarily participated in either VR- or laptop-based training at a public technology event in Spain. Post-training, we measured knowledge acquisition, usability, satisfaction, user experience, and cybersickness. Comparative statistics and regression analyses were performed to evaluate learning outcomes and predictors.

Results

Five experts developed a consensus-based adult BLS decision tree with 10 scenes and six questions. A total of 583 adults (mean age 72.3 ± 4.8 years) took part in the BLS training evaluation. Those in the VR group (n = 415) outperformed those in the laptop group (n = 168) in key steps, including initiating CPR (58 % vs 41 %, p < 0.001) and using an AED (49 % vs 23 %, p < 0.001). VR participants rated usability of VR-training as excellent (73.8 ± 4.2), expressed high satisfaction and realism. Cybersickness was low (13.1 %). VR training predicted higher knowledge scores (β = 5.8, p < 0.001), and increased scores by 5.8 points over laptop training. VR participants were 2.3 times more likely to answer BLS questions correctly (OR = 2.3, 95 % CI: 1.6–3.2, p < 0.001)

Conclusion

VR could improve adult BLS knowledge in older adults, with high levels of acceptance and positive user experience. Future work should enhance accessibility and reduce discomfort.

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虚拟现实在老年人群中进行成人基本生命支持教学的接受度和可行性

虚拟现实（VR）正在成人基本生命支持（BLS）培训中兴起，但其在老年人中的接受程度尚未得到充分研究。本研究旨在为VR和笔记本电脑格式开发专家知情的BLS内容，并评估这些平台在老年成人学习者中的可行性、可用性、知识获取、满意度和晕动症。方法采用两期混合方法进行研究。根据2021年欧洲复苏委员会的指导方针，五位专家共同开发并验证了VR/笔记本电脑兼容的成人BLS场景。然后，在西班牙的一个公共技术活动上，老年人自愿参加了VR或笔记本电脑培训，对这一场景进行了测试。培训后，我们测量了知识获取、可用性、满意度、用户体验和晕机。通过比较统计和回归分析来评估学习效果和预测因素。结果5位专家开发了一个基于共识的成人劳工统计局决策树，包含10个场景和6个问题。共有583名成人（平均年龄72.3±4.8岁）参加了BLS培训评估。VR组（n = 415）在关键步骤上优于笔记本组（n = 168），包括启动心肺复苏术（58%对41%，p < 0.001）和使用AED（49%对23%，p < 0.001）。参与者对VR培训的可用性评价为优秀（73.8±4.2），满意度和真实感较高。晕屏率较低（13.1%）。VR训练预测更高的知识分数（β = 5.8, p < 0.001），并且比笔记本电脑训练提高了5.8分。VR参与者正确回答BLS问题的可能性高出2.3倍（OR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.6-3.2, p < 0.001）。结论VR可以提高老年人的成人BLS知识，具有较高的接受度和积极的用户体验。未来的工作应提高可及性，减少不适。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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