Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery最新文献

{"title":"Concurrent Photobiomodulation by Dual-Wavelength (655 nm and 808 nm) Laser Exposure Promotes Accelerated Wound Healing.","authors":"Büşra Sirek, Ayşen Bozoğlu, Nermin Topaloğlu","doi":"10.1177/25785478261460632","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25785478261460632","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a noninvasive light therapy that penetrates deeper skin layers, using wavelengths such as near-infrared. Different wavelengths target specific cellular components and pathways, influencing wound healing. Light absorption by both mitochondria and light-sensitive ion channels increases intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, thereby affecting inflammation, platelet activation, angiogenesis, tissue remodeling, and cell viability. Concurrent use of multiple wavelengths has an advantage, activating distinct pathways involved in the wound-healing process.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This <i>in vitro</i> study aimed to investigate the effects of concurrent PBM on fibrablasts using a dual-wavelength system (655 nm and 808 nm). The effects of concurrent PBM application at three energy densities on cell viability, intracellular ROS levels, and cell migration were assessed using two modalities: single- and triple-treatment protocols.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three different energy densities (0.5, 1, and 2 J/cm²) of a dual wavelength system were used, and applications were performed using single or triple applications. Cellular responses were evaluated by assessing viability, ROS generation, and migration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Concurrent PBM application at an energy density of 1 J/cm² showed a synergistic effect, increasing cell viability by 3%, intracellular ROS levels by 20%, and accelerating wound closure by 89% compared with the untreated group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Concurrent dual-wavelength PBM application may reduce treatment duration and enhance wound healing, offering a promising approach for targeting multiple layers and substructures of complex biological tissue in <i>in vivo</i> models and clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":94169,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":" ","pages":"468-474"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148240873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photobiomodulation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells by 355 nm Low-Level Ultraviolet Laser Exposure.","authors":"Khalid M AlGhamdi, Ashok Kumar, Amer Mahmood","doi":"10.1177/25785478261460627","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25785478261460627","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of the present investigation was to observe the effects of different energy densities of ultraviolet A photobiomodulation (UVA PBM) on human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hESC-MSCs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The hESC-MSCs were cultured and irradiated with UVA PBM at energy densities ranging from 0.5 to 5.0 J/cm² at a wavelength of 355 nm. Key biological parameters, including proliferation, viability, and migration, were evaluated at 72 h postirradiation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with the control, the UVA PBM significantly increased cell proliferation and viability at energy densities ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 J/cm² and 0.5 to 3.0 J/cm², respectively. Further, UVA PBM notably increased the migratory capacity of hESC-MSCs within the 0.5-2.0 J/cm² range. Interestingly, higher energy densities beyond this threshold were found to be ineffective in promoting these cellular responses. In addition to examining proliferation, viability, and migration, this study explored the role of UVA PBM in osteogenic differentiation. Following irradiation, hESC-MSCs were induced toward osteogenesis, and differentiation was assessed through Alizarin Red S staining to evaluate calcium deposition. The results indicated that UVA PBM at optimal low-energy densities not only enhanced early proliferation but also supported osteogenic potential, as evidenced by increased mineralization in treated cells. To further understand the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects, quantitative PCR (qPCR) was performed to analyze the expression of key osteogenic markers, including RUNX2, Alkaline phosphatase, and Osteocalcin (OCN). Gene expression analysis revealed significant upregulation of these markers in the UVA PBM-treated groups, suggesting that UVA PBM promotes osteogenesis at the transcriptional level. UVA PBM at low energy densities significantly enhances the proliferation, viability, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of hESC-MSCs, potentially through the modulation of osteogenic gene expression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of UVA PBM in regenerative medicine and bone tissue engineering, particularly dentistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":94169,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":" ","pages":"457-467"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148335335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Efficacy of Laser Acupuncture and Direct Photobiomodulation for Inferior Alveolar Nerve Hypoesthesia After Mandibular Third Molar Extraction: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Sham-Controlled Clinical Trial.","authors":"Yongqing Ma, Miaomiao Yang, Jiang Sun","doi":"10.1177/25785478261462397","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25785478261462397","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) sensory disturbance after mandibular third molar extraction can persist and affect speech, mastication, and quality of life. Photobiomodulation (PBM) has been used to promote peripheral nerve recovery, but the most suitable irradiation strategy remains unclear. Laser acupuncture (LA) delivers PBM to predefined acupoints and may provide both local and central neuromodulatory effects.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare standardized LA with direct nerve-trajectory PBM for post-extraction IAN hypoesthesia in a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adults aged 18-60 years with unilateral IAN hypoesthesia lasting ≥7 days and ≤12 weeks were randomized (1:1:1) to LA, direct PBM along the external IAN projection, or sham treatment. All participants received mecobalamin (0.5 mg, three times daily) for 30 days. PBM was delivered using an 808-nm diode laser (continuous wave, 100 mW; beam area 1.0 cm²), 90 s/site (9 J; 9 J/cm²), every other day for 15 sessions. LA used a fixed 5 + 2 prescription: ST4, ST6, ST7, CV24, Jiachengjiang (EX-HN19), plus LI4 and PC6. Primary outcomes were two-point discrimination (TPD) and Semmes-Weinstein monofilament examination (SWME) at day 30. Secondary outcomes included Visual Analog Scale (VAS) numbness, additional sensory tests, and day-60 follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty participants completed the intervention. Both active groups improved more than sham for TPD and SWME (group × time <i>p</i> < 0.01). Mean TPD change at day 30 was -3.2 ± 1.8 mm (LA) and -2.6 ± 1.7 mm (direct PBM) versus -0.8 ± 1.1 mm (sham). SWME improved by ≥1 grade in 85%, 80%, and 25%, respectively. VAS numbness decreased by 60%, 48%, and 12%, respectively, and the improvement was largely maintained at day 60. No treatment-related adverse events occurred.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Under matched PBM dosimetry, both irradiation strategies improved sensory recovery compared with sham. LA produced comparable results and was associated with greater improvement in patient-reported numbness.</p>","PeriodicalId":94169,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":" ","pages":"475-482"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148311216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on Optimal Optical Parameters for Cutting Liver Tissue with a Novel 980/1470 nm Dual-Wavelength Semiconductor Laser.","authors":"Yiwen Lu, Gaoqi Liu, Kuiyuan Chai, Zien Xu, Mohan Lu, Linxin Shen, Meng Zhao, Le Jiang, Rongqian Wu, Lihui Pang, Yi Lyu, Rongfeng Wang","doi":"10.1177/25785478261465277","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25785478261465277","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Laser-tissue interactions induce photothermal effects governed by wavelength-dependent absorption and circulation of energy. While 980 nm targets hemoglobin for hemostasis and 1470 nm targets water for vaporization, their synergistic optimization in living liver tissue remains undefined, as existing studies predominantly examine <i>ex vivo</i> models or single wavelengths. This study establishes quantitative relationships between laser parameters and tissue outcomes in an <i>in vivo</i> model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty rabbits (female New Zealand White, 1.5-2 kg) underwent hepatic transection using a 400 μm bare fiber diameter (3 mm tissue distance, 10 mm/s advancement speed) in continuous-wave (CW) and pulsed-modulated (100 ms pulse, 50% duty cycle, 5 Hz) modes. Output power: 980 nm (12-160 W) and 1470 nm (6-48 W), with different dual-wavelength power ratios. Measured outcomes: cutting depth, vaporization depth, coagulation depth, and thermal injury depth (quantified by hematoxylin and eosin staining).</p><p><strong>Statistics: </strong>analysis of variance for continuous variables, chi-square/Fisher's exact test for categorical variables, and the Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> test for non-normal distributions (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CW mode achieved greater cutting depth than pulsed-modulated mode (median 943.97 μm vs. 689.43 μm, <i>p</i> < 0.05). In CW mode, 1470 nm-dominated ratios (0:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4) achieved greater cutting depths than 980 nm alone (1:0). Cutting depth increased with peak power from 6 to 120 W, then decreased at 160 W due to carbonization. At 24 W total power with 1:2 ratio (8 W 980 nm/16 W 1470 nm), cutting depth was 1249.3 ± 15.55 μm, vaporization depth 739.5 ± 35.32 μm, coagulation depth 1302 ± 125.44 μm, and thermal damage 1987.53 ± 154.61 μm.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The 980/1470 nm wavelength power ratio of 8/16 W in CW mode for liver tissue cutting offers high efficiency, safety, and minimal thermal damage, providing an effective surgical energy device for minimally invasive and precise treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":94169,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":" ","pages":"483-493"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148364564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcranial 810 nm Pulsed Photobiomodulation Improves Learning and Reduces Aβ₄₂ Burden in APP/PS1 Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease.","authors":"Ye Zhang, Huiting Qiao, Zeping Lv, Rong Guo, Deyu Li, Wei Song, Daifa Wang","doi":"10.1177/25785478261465371","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25785478261465371","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading cause of dementia in older adults, and effective and widely applicable treatment options remain limited. Photobiomodulation (PBM) has shown promise for AD. However, reported estimates of the delivered dose after transcranial propagation vary widely, limiting translation from animal models to clinical settings.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Building on our team's prior clinical findings, this study evaluated whether an 810 nm/10 Hz pulsed PBM regimen improves cognitive performance and reduces Aβ₄₂ burden in APP/PS1 mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>APP/PS1 mice received PBM using an 810 nm LED pulsed at 10 Hz. Irradiation was delivered for 540 sec/day, 6 days/week, for 7 weeks, with a scalp-surface power density of 0.025 W/cm² and an energy density of 13.5 J/cm². Cognitive function was evaluated using the Morris water maze, and Aβ₄₂ burden was quantified by immunofluorescence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cortical and hippocampal Aβ₄₂ plaque burden was reduced, <i>p</i> < 0.01. Exploratory correlation analyses suggested an association between hippocampal Aβ₄₂ plaque number and reversal-learning performance in the histological subset, <i>p</i> = 0.02. The microglia-Aβ₄₂ colocalization ratio increased by 7.53%, <i>p</i> = 0.03, indicating enhanced spatial association between microglia and Aβ₄₂ after PBM.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings support further evaluation of this 810 nm/10 Hz pulsed PBM regimen in AD mouse models and highlight the value of standardized PBM parameter reporting in preclinical studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":94169,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":" ","pages":"494-504"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148364524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PHOTObiomodulation for REsistant Depression Study: An Open-Label Pilot Trial on Transcranial Photobiomodulation for Treatment-Resistant Depression.","authors":"Dennison Carreiro Monteiro, Emilly Karoline de Oliveira, Clarence Silva Ramos, Carolina de Moura Germoglio, Emmanuela Coeli Alves da Silva, Roberta Rodrigues de Paula, Juliane Karine de Aguiar Amorim","doi":"10.1177/25785478261456433","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25785478261456433","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purposes: </strong>To evaluate the acute effects, safety, and tolerability of an open-label whole-brain transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) protocol in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective, open-label, single-arm pilot trial enrolled 29 adult outpatients with TRD with moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms (Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale [MADRS] score ≥20) in the intention-to-treat analysis. The intervention involved a standardized whole-brain tPBM protocol delivered via a light-emitting diode-based helmet (near-infrared light, 810 nm; 12.8 W), administered in 20-min sessions, three times weekly for 4 weeks (12 sessions). The primary outcome was clinical response at the end of the acute treatment phase (T1), defined as ≥50% reduction in MADRS scores. Safety and tolerability were evaluated throughout.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 22 participants completed treatment (per-protocol, <i>n</i> = 22): MADRS scores decreased significantly from 35.5 ± 6.9 at baseline to 22.9 ± 11.2 post-treatment, reflecting a mean change of -12.5 ± 11.3 points (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Clinical response was achieved in nine participants (40.9%), and remission in two (9.1%). In the intention-to-treat analysis, response and remission rates were 31.0% and 6.9%, respectively. Fourteen participants (63.6%) reported ≥1 mild-to-moderate adverse event; headache was the most common (<i>n</i> = 11, 50.0%). No serious adverse events occurred.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A 4-week, whole-brain tPBM protocol was associated with clinically meaningful reductions in the severity of depressive symptoms in patients with TRD and was well tolerated. These findings support the feasibility and potential clinical relevance of whole-brain tPBM as a noninvasive neuromodulation strategy. Larger, randomized, sham-controlled trials are warranted to confirm efficacy and optimize stimulation parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":94169,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":" ","pages":"448-455"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148152795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Retraction</i>: Gingival Melanin Depigmentation Using Pulsed 450 nm Diode Laser: A Split-Mouth Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Ablative Versus Non-Ablative Techniques.","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/25785478261452086","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25785478261452086","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94169,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":" ","pages":"456"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148059217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Diode Laser Therapy in Managing Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis and Oral Lichen Planus: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Tasnia Habib, S M Shahinul Islam, Tahsinul Haque, Mohammed Afroz, Manna Haque Akhanda, Fatema Akhter","doi":"10.1177/25785478261446504","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25785478261446504","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess the effectiveness of photobiomodulation therapy for managing oral lichen planus (OLP) and recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), including their outcomes and patient satisfaction with the safety profile.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A systematic review was conducted by searching electronic databases like PubMed Central, PubMed, Cochrane, CrossRef, Google Scholar, and Embase. Articles published until June 2025 were reviewed using MeSH (Medical Subject Heading) and various combinations of the keywords: oral lichen planus, Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis, photobiomodulation therapy, and conventional drug therapy. We considered two different outcomes, such as pain and the size of the lesion. Due to the heterogeneity of the data, we did not conduct any statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Initially, 560 publications were selected for this review article, and after analyzing all these, only 12 articles fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. In all those studies, the laser wavelength, power output, and duration of irradiation changed between 630-980 m, 20-30 mW, and 10 sec-15 min have been described. Topical medications used in the comparative group were amlexanox, triamcinolone acetonide, granofurin, and socosenyl. Our findings showed that the photobiomodulation laser group is more effective for decreasing the pain and lesion size of RAS and OLP in comparison with the topical medication group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We can conclude that photobiomodulation therapy was better for treating RAS and OLP with greater healing, patient satisfaction, and lower recurrence rate in comparison with other topical drug therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":94169,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":" ","pages":"414-426"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148207416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonsurgical Treatment of Peri-Implantitis Using Er:YAG Laser (2940 nm) and Photobiomodulation: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Clinical, Microbiological, and Patient-Reported Outcome Measures.","authors":"Chariklia Neophytou, Dimitra Sakellari, Ioannis Vouros, Theodora Slini, Serafeim Chaintoutis, Konstantinos Papadimitriou","doi":"10.1177/25785478261447960","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25785478261447960","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the clinical, microbiological, and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) of Er:YAG laser and photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy compared with conventional mechanical debridement (MD) in the nonsurgical treatment of peri-implantitis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Forty-five patients with peri-implantitis were randomly assigned to MD (control, <i>n</i> = 24) or Er:YAG laser followed by PBM (test, <i>n</i> = 21). Clinical parameters [probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BoP), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index, recession, suppuration] and levels of <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> and <i>Filifactor alocis</i> were assessed at baseline and 3 months. Treatment success, defined as PD ≤ 5 mm, BoP at ≤ 1 site, and absence of suppuration, was assessed at 3 months. PROMs, including postoperative pain, analgesic use, anesthesia requirement, and satisfaction, were recorded during the first postoperative week.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both groups showed significant clinical improvement (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The laser group demonstrated greater reductions in PD (-2.30 vs. -1.45 mm, <i>p</i> < 0.001), BoP (-73.0% vs. -42.4%, <i>p</i> = 0.004), and CAL (-2.56 vs. -1.47 mm, <i>p</i> = 0.001), with higher treatment success (81% vs. 42%, <i>p</i> = 0.007). <i>P. gingivalis</i> decreased significantly only in the laser group (<i>p</i> = 0.001), while F. alocis changes were not significant in both groups. PROMs favored the laser group, with lower postoperative pain, reduced analgesic use, and higher satisfaction (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adjunctive Er:YAG and PBM therapy improved clinical outcomes, reduced <i>P. gingivalis</i>, and enhanced patient experience compared with MD.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Er:YAG and PBM therapy may improve treatment success, enhance patient comfort, and support more predictable nonsurgical management of peri-implantitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":94169,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":" ","pages":"427-436"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147857798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Er:YAG Laser Dentin Conditioning with End-Firing Versus Side-Firing Tips on Human Dental Pulp-Derived Cell Viability.","authors":"Parvati S Bangarimath, Seema Merwade, Kiran Kumar N, Tasmiya M Bhavikatti, Vandana Kumari","doi":"10.1177/25785478261453221","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25785478261453221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Dentin surface conditioning plays a key role in regenerative endodontics by influencing stem cell viability. Although ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) effectively removes the smear layer, residual chelating agents may compromise cytocompatibility. Er:YAG (erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet) laser conditioning offers an alternative approach with minimal chemical residue, and laser tip geometry may further influence biological outcomes. This study evaluated the cytocompatibility of Er:YAG laser dentin conditioning using End firing sapphire and side-firing tips by assessing human dental pulp<b>-</b>derived cell viability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-six single-rooted human teeth were decoronated and instrumented to ProTaper F4. Specimens were randomly allocated to four groups (<i>n</i> = 9): untreated control, Er:YAG laser with sapphire tip, Er:YAG laser with side-firing tip, and 17% EDTA. Following dentin conditioning, roots were longitudinally split to expose the canal wall, and human dental pulp-derived cells (1 × 10⁴ cells/specimen) were seeded onto the treated surfaces. Cell viability, as an indirect indicator of cytocompatibility, was assessed using the MTT assay at Days 1, 4, and 7. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni <i>post hoc</i> tests (α = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At all time points, the side-firing Er:YAG group demonstrated the highest cell viability, followed by the End firing sapphire-tip laser group. EDTA-conditioned dentin showed significantly lower viability, while the control group maintained baseline viability. Differences between groups became more pronounced over time.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Er:YAG laser dentin conditioning enhanced human dental pulp-derived cell viability compared with EDTA, with the side-firing tip yielding the most favorable results. Side-firing Er:YAG tips may therefore provide a more cytocompatible dentin surface for regenerative endodontic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":94169,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":" ","pages":"437-447"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148007731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}