Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery最新文献

{"title":"Nonsurgical Treatment of Peri-Implantitis Using Er:YAG Laser (2940 nm) and Photobiomodulation: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Clinical, Microbiological, and Patient-Reported Outcome Measures.","authors":"Chariklia Neophytou, Dimitra Sakellari, Ioannis Vouros, Theodora Slini, Serafeim Chaintoutis, Konstantinos Papadimitriou","doi":"10.1177/25785478261447960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25785478261447960","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the clinical, microbiological, and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) of Er:YAG laser and photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy compared with conventional mechanical debridement (MD) in the nonsurgical treatment of peri-implantitis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Forty-five patients with peri-implantitis were randomly assigned to MD (control, <i>n</i> = 24) or Er:YAG laser followed by PBM (test, <i>n</i> = 21). Clinical parameters [probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BoP), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index, recession, suppuration] and levels of <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> and <i>Filifactor alocis</i> were assessed at baseline and 3 months. Treatment success, defined as PD ≤ 5 mm, BoP at ≤ 1 site, and absence of suppuration, was assessed at 3 months. PROMs, including postoperative pain, analgesic use, anesthesia requirement, and satisfaction, were recorded during the first postoperative week.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both groups showed significant clinical improvement (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The laser group demonstrated greater reductions in PD (-2.30 vs. -1.45 mm, <i>p</i> < 0.001), BoP (-73.0% vs. -42.4%, <i>p</i> = 0.004), and CAL (-2.56 vs. -1.47 mm, <i>p</i> = 0.001), with higher treatment success (81% vs. 42%, <i>p</i> = 0.007). <i>P. gingivalis</i> decreased significantly only in the laser group (<i>p</i> = 0.001), while F. alocis changes were not significant in both groups. PROMs favored the laser group, with lower postoperative pain, reduced analgesic use, and higher satisfaction (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adjunctive Er:YAG and PBM therapy improved clinical outcomes, reduced <i>P. gingivalis</i>, and enhanced patient experience compared with MD.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Er:YAG and PBM therapy may improve treatment success, enhance patient comfort, and support more predictable nonsurgical management of peri-implantitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":94169,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":" ","pages":"25785478261447960"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147857798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduced Morphine Consumption with Photobiomodulation in Head and Neck Cancer: A Matched Cohort of 280 Cases.","authors":"Nicolas Giraud, Anne-Charlotte Delhiat, Andréa Lafitte, Jean-Pierre Sagardiluz, Margaux Yaouanq, Célestine Renard, Alexis Desbourdes, Khemaïes Slimane, Véronique Vendrely, Charles Dupin","doi":"10.1177/25785478261432857","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25785478261432857","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Radiation-induced oral mucositis (RIOM) may cause severe pain and impaired quality of life during head and neck radiotherapy (RT). Preventive photobiomodulation (PBM) has shown promising clinical benefits.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Eligible patients had oropharyngeal or oral cavity cancer and were opioid-naïve at the start of curative-intent RT. Patients in the PBM group were treated between 2020 and 2023. PBM was applied to the entire oral mucosa at 2.25 J/cm² (<i>λ</i> = 660 nm). Extraoral PBM was delivered using an LED cluster device at 6 J/cm² (<i>λ</i> = 810 nm) to target the pharyngolaryngeal mucosa. PBM was administered three times per week by trained radiation therapists. A historical control cohort treated between 2012 and 2019 was matched 1:1 based on tumor site, concurrent systemic therapy, and prior surgery. The primary objective was to evaluate differences in daily morphine consumption at the end of RT according to the preventive use of thrice-weekly oral PBM in patients receiving curative-intent RT for head and neck cancer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 280 patients were included: 45% had oral cavity cancers, 43% were treated postoperatively, and 42% received RT without systemic therapy. Morphine use was significantly lower in the PBM group at the end of RT (22.9 vs. 37.4 mg/day; <i>p</i> = 0.002) and 1 month post-RT (10.3 vs. 27.2 mg/day; <i>p</i> = 0.0001). No morphine was required in 60% of PBM patients compared with 47% of controls. PBM appeared particularly beneficial in oropharyngeal cancer, in patients receiving definitive RT, and with concurrent treatment. In contrast, rates of grade 3-4 RIOM at the end of RT were identical (63% in both groups), and grade 3-4 mucositis-free survival did not differ (<i>p</i> = 0.99).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this large matched cohort, preventive PBM reduced morphine consumption during and after RT, supporting its use to alleviate RIOM-related pain in head and neck cancer patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":94169,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":" ","pages":"336-343"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147501338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Efficacy of Adjunctive Photodynamic Therapy with Periodontal Regenerative Surgery in Severe Periodontitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial on Gingival Thickness Remodeling and Inflammatory Cytokine Modulation.","authors":"Dahai Huang, Lu Wang, Xiangyun Wang","doi":"10.1177/25785478261424556","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25785478261424556","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Assess clinical efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) combined with periodontal regenerative surgery (PTR) in severe periodontitis, focusing on gingival thickness (GT), inflammatory markers, and bone repair.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty patients were randomized to Combination (PDT + PTR) or Control (PTR alone) groups. PDT utilized 660 nm laser with methylene blue. Outcomes included probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), keratinized tissue width (KTW), GT, cone-beam computed tomography bone parameters, and gingival crevicular fluid cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, PGE2, MMP-8) at 3/6/12 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At 12 months, Combination group showed superior PD reduction (<i>p</i> < 0.05), CAL gain (<i>p</i> < 0.05), lower BOP (16.67% vs. 43.33%, <i>p</i> < 0.05), increased KTW/GT, and enhanced bone density/defect filling versus Control. Inflammatory markers were significantly reduced at 3 months (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Three-wall defects exhibited better CAL/GT outcomes than two-wall defects (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The combined PDT and PTR therapy demonstrated significant improvements in key clinical parameters, reduced inflammatory biomarkers, and enhanced radiographic bone fill in severe periodontitis patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":94169,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":" ","pages":"302-312"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147583349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revolutionizing Acne Scar Treatment in Indian Skin with Fractional Picosecond Laser.","authors":"Byalakere Shivanna Chandrashekar, Chaithra Shenoy, Paulomi Vartak, Oliver Clement Lobo, Mysore Seshadri Roopa, Irene Fusco, Tiziano Zingoni","doi":"10.1177/25785478251404194","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25785478251404194","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients of Asian descent with Fitzpatrick skin types III-V who experience facial acne scars are a relatively under-researched demographic in medical literature, with limited studies specifically addressing their unique skin characteristics and treatment responses. Traditional treatments have variable efficacy and risk of complications. A novel technique that has shown potential in managing scars is the Q-Switched, 1064 nm neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser with a fractional beam profile. Picosecond lasers, with extremely short pulse durations, minimize thermal damage and induce tissue remodeling, reducing post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation risk.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This prospective study was proposed to judge the efficacy of 1064 nm fractional picosecond laser for treating atrophic acne scars in the Indian skin type.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-two patients completed the study; all were treated at monthly intervals for three sessions. Evaluation based on Investigator's Global assessment along with patient satisfaction scores was carried out for all patients. The safety of the laser was evaluated by noting down adverse effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fourteen patients showed improvement of 26-50% by Investigator's Global Assessment, which was similar to the patient satisfaction scores. Post-treatment edema, pinpoint bleeding, and mild erythema were the only side effects noted. Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation was not noted in any of the patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Fractional picosecond laser can be considered a viable and safe option to treat acne scars in patients with dark skin type.</p>","PeriodicalId":94169,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":" ","pages":"288-292"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145859853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Call to Reflect on the Wellness and Medical Indications of Photobiomodulation: What Challenges Lie Ahead?","authors":"Lidvine Godaert, Hélène Dewaele, Antoine Lemaire, Moustapha Dramé","doi":"10.1177/25785478261438098","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25785478261438098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Photobiomodulation (PBM) can provide solutions for many medical conditions, as well as numerous wellness issues. The therapeutic indications for PBM devices are not always clearly defined, and there are no requirements for mandatory training for those administering treatment sessions. At a time when access to PBM is becoming more widespread (at home or in health or wellness centers), it seems important to discuss the indications for PBM treatments for wellness and health reasons. In this article, we discuss the boundaries between indications in the field of wellness and health, the potential economic impact of distinguishing between these two areas, and the conditions that must be met for treatments to be effective.</p>","PeriodicalId":94169,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":" ","pages":"285-287"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147625122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photobiomodulation Therapy to Improve Glycemic Control in People with Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Francisco Costa da Rocha, Lara Maria Bataglia Espósito, Michael R Hamblin, Cleber Ferraresi","doi":"10.1177/25785478261433321","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25785478261433321","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) on glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Persistent hyperglycemia in T2DM disrupts mitochondrial metabolism, increases oxidative stress, and contributes to metabolic and vascular complications. PBM has emerged as a potential nonpharmacological strategy to modulate mitochondrial function and improve metabolic homeostasis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Recent clinical trials investigating PBM in T2DM were systematically synthesized. Methodological quality was assessed using the <i>Physiotherapy Evidence Database</i> scale, and certainty of evidence was evaluated with the <i>Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation</i> approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PBM, predominantly using red and near-infrared wavelengths, was associated with reductions in fasting glucose, postprandial glucose, and glycated hemoglobin, as well as modulation of hemodynamic and metabolic parameters. Methodological quality ranged from moderate to high, while certainty of evidence was very low to low.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PBM shows potential as an adjunctive therapy for glycemic control in T2DM, although further well-designed trials are required to strengthen evidence and standardize protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":94169,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":" ","pages":"275-284"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147488999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Comparison of Anticancer Efficiency of Methylene Blue- and Aluminum Phthalocyanine-Mediated Sonophotodynamic Therapy on Prostate Cancer Cells In Vitro.","authors":"Mehran Aksel, Ozlem Bozkurt Girit, Ali Ozmen, Mehmet Dincer Bilgin","doi":"10.1177/25785478261433604","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25785478261433604","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prostate cancer ranks highest in male diagnoses and second in cancer-related deaths. Conventional treatments necessitate exploration of new modalities due to their side effects. Sonophotodynamic therapy (SPDT) represents a potential anticancer approach that integrates both sonodynamic and photodynamic therapies to improve the efficacy of cancer treatments. This study aims to evaluate and compare the mechanisms and anticancer efficacy of photodynamic therapy, sonodynamic therapy, and SPDT using methylene blue (MB) and aluminum phthalocyanine (AlPc) in the androgen-sensitive and androgen-insensitive prostate cancer cell lines. Cells were cultivated using different concentrations of MB and AlPc, followed by the exposure to ultrasound and/or light irradiation. Cell metabolic activity was assessed using the MTT assay, which evaluates mitochondrial enzyme function as an indicator of viability rather than clonogenic survival. Additionally, apoptosis was evaluated using Hoechst staining and Western blot analysis of apoptotic proteins, while reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant levels were determined through biochemical assays. Results showed significant proliferation inhibition, with SPDT exhibiting the highest efficacy. MB demonstrated superior efficiency compared to AlPc. The treatment groups displayed a greater quantity of apoptotic cells, indicating elevated levels of caspase-3, caspase-8, PARP, and Bax proteins, whereas levels of caspase-9 and Bcl-2 were lower compared to the control groups. Additionally, the treatments resulted in increased levels of ROS and malondialdehyde, while antioxidant activities were diminished. In summary, SPDT mediated by MB and AlPc presents promising potential for treating prostate cancer and may significantly contribute to apoptotic mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":94169,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":" ","pages":"313-323"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147489006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Using Chitosan-Encapsulated Indocyanine Green Improves Smear Layer Removal and Bond Strength to Caries-Affected Dentin: An In Vitro Study.","authors":"Mohammed Hussain Dafer Al Wadei, Shan Sainudeen, Muhammad Qasim, Haifa Arsalan, Kashan Siddiqui, Madiha Pirvani","doi":"10.1177/25785478261433608","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25785478261433608","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>An in vitro study to evaluate the efficacy of indocyanine green (ICG) encapsulated in chitosan (CHNPs) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂NPs) activated by 810-nm diode laser on smear layer (SL) removal and shear bond strength (SBS) to caries-affected dentin (CAD).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Sixty extracted human mandibular molars with CAD were randomly assigned to four groups (<i>n</i> = 15). Group 1: 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), Group 2: free ICG-activated PDT (ICG-PDT), Group 3: ICG-loaded TiO₂NPs-activated PDT (ICG-TiO₂NPs-PDT), and Group 4: ICG-loaded CHNPs-activated PDT (ICG-CHNPs-PDT). CHNPs and TiO₂NPs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. SL removal was assessed qualitatively via SEM using the Hülsmann scale. A fifth-generation etch-and-rinse adhesive was applied with active scrubbing, and nanohybrid composite buildups were fabricated. Following thermocycling, SBS was measured using notched-edge shear testing machine. Failure modes were assessed stereoscopically. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests (α = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ICG-CHNPs-PDT yielded the lowest SL score (1.04 ± 0.14) and highest SBS (9.79 ± 0.62 MPa), significantly outperforming all groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05). CHX exhibited intermediate performance (SL: 2.16 ± 0.48; SBS: 7.59 ± 0.46 MPa). ICG-PDT (SL: 2.75 ± 0.29; SBS: 6.12 ± 0.43 MPa) and ICG-TiO₂NPs-PDT (SL: 2.81 ± 0.35; SBS: 5.97 ± 0.35 MPa) showed comparable, inferior results (<i>p</i> > 0.05). ICG-CHNPs-PDT demonstrated predominantly cohesive failures (60%), while ICG-PDT and ICG-TiO₂NPs-PDT showed mainly adhesive failures (50%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Near-infrared antimicrobial photodynamic therapy using chitosan-encapsulated ICG activated at 810 nm significantly enhanced both SL removal and resin-dentin bond strength compared with conventional CHX. The dual chelating and photosensitizing properties of the chitosan-ICG system offer a promising alternative for CAD surface conditioning before adhesive bonding.</p>","PeriodicalId":94169,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":" ","pages":"324-335"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147476775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Use of Acai (<i>Euterpe oleracea</i> Martius) for Carious Dentin Disinfection, Combined or Not with Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy.","authors":"Maria Clara de Assis, Victor Elias Arana-Chavez, Laila Gonzales Freire Gusukuma, Sérgio Luiz Pinheiro","doi":"10.1177/25785478261415718","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25785478261415718","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the effectiveness of the acai photosensitizer (<i>Euterpe oleracea</i> Martius), combined or not with low-intensity laser, in reducing <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> in carious dentin.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Due to its high penetration power and coloring ability, acai presents a promising and unexplored option for use as a photosensitizer in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We selected 60 permanent third molars and exposed their coronal dentin. After producing dentin carious lesions, we randomly divided the teeth into four groups (<i>n</i> = 15 each): C (control)-no disinfection; AC (acai)-acai photosensitizer application; AC + BL (acai + laser)-acai photosensitizer application and irradiation with low-intensity blue laser diode (Therapy); and BL (laser)-low-intensity blue laser diode (Therapy) application. All carious tissue was collected post-protocol application. Total viable bacterial count was determined after 2 days of incubation. Micro-computed tomography was used for qualitative analysis of carious lesions through observation of a carious tooth (control group). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for qualitative analysis of carious tissue disinfection using different protocols. Results were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test (Student-Newman-Keuls).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cariogenic challenge produced a carious lesion measuring 17.14875 mm³, located in deep dentin close to the pulp. The AC + BL group showed the most significant reduction in <i>S. mutans</i> count (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), followed by the AC group (<i>p</i> = 0.0055). The BL group showed no significant reduction in <i>S. mutans</i> count (<i>p</i> = 0.2122). SEM analysis showed that AC + BL promoted dentin disinfection, with exposed dentinal tubules. The percentage reduction in <i>S. mutans</i> count was: BL (35.75%), AC (63.41%), and AC + BL (92.68%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The AC + BL group showed significantly better results than the AC group alone. The acai photosensitizer, with or without antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, is indicated for carious dentin disinfection.</p>","PeriodicalId":94169,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":" ","pages":"293-301"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146145160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating Photobiomodulation into Routine Care in the Absence of Guidelines: An Approach Based on Combining Available Data from the Literature with Clinical Experience.","authors":"Lidvine Godaert, Hélène Dewaele, Antoine Lemaire, Moustapha Dramé","doi":"10.1177/25785478261443160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25785478261443160","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> The literature data suggests that it would be attractive to integrate photobiomodulation (PBM) into the routine management of patients in a variety of pathologies, although there are no practice guidelines to date on the indications for PBM use.<i>Objective:</i> This article presents an approach for rigorously developing medical treatment protocols for certain conditions that incorporate PBM in the absence of existing recommendations in five steps.<i>Method:</i> The first step is to determine how medical indications potentially eligible could be chosen, for example, diseases where current treatment options are not totally effective or satisfactory. The second step is to define the most appropriate PBM protocol. Experts have emphasized the need to adhere to several dosimetric parameters to ensure the effectiveness of PBM (wavelengths, fluence, irradiance, total dose, session frequency, etc.). The total energy dose delivered is of paramount importance. The third step is to choose scales to evaluate effectiveness and tolerability. The scale selected must be acceptable to the patient and informative to the operator regarding the effectiveness of the treatment by PBM. In the fourth step, the protocol must be designed to be integrated into daily practice without making it more burdensome. The final step is to objectively evaluate the protocol to decide on its relevance.<i>Conclusion:</i> At each stage, the assessment must be based on data published in the literature and expert opinions.</p>","PeriodicalId":94169,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":" ","pages":"25785478261443160"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147793459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}