Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery最新文献

{"title":"Antimicrobial Efficacy and Dentinal Tubule Penetration of the Photosensitizer Acai (<i>Euterpe Oleracea</i> Martius): A New Approach in Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy in Endodontics.","authors":"Letícia Penna Felisberto, Mariana Mota Campos Mariano Chompanidis, Alexandre Sigrist De Martin, Carlos Eduardo Fontana, Carolina Pessoa Stringheta, Josemberg da Silva Baptista, Carlos Eduardo da Silveira Bueno, Sérgio Luiz Pinheiro","doi":"10.1089/photob.2024.0147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/photob.2024.0147","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Objectives:</i></b> This study evaluated in vitro the antimicrobial efficacy and penetration depth of acai as a photosensitizer (PS) using or not using passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI). <b><i>Background:</i></b> Acai extracts have attracted attention as potential photosensitizing molecules, especially because of their natural origin. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total of 150 mandibular molars were instrumented with the ProTaper Next system. Ninety canals were inoculated with standard strains of <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> for 21 days and randomly divided into six groups (<i>n</i> = 15): AC: acai; MB: methylene blue; BL: blue laser irradiation; RL: red laser irradiation; AC+BL: acai irradiated with blue laser; and MB+RL: methylene blue irradiated with red laser. Microbiological samples were collected from the canals before (no treatment group) and after the procedures described for each group. Dentinal tubule penetration was assessed in the remaining 60 canals, randomly divided into four groups (<i>n</i> = 15): MB; MB+PUI; AC; and AC+PUI. The PSs MB and acai were placed into the canals and agitated or not with an ultrasonic tip. The roots were sectioned and analyzed under a stereomicroscope. The results were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and analysis of variance (Tukey's test). <b><i>Results:</i></b> The greatest reduction in microbial counts occurred in the MB+RL, AC+BL, and AC groups (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). The amount of bacteria after the procedures in log colony forming units (CFU)/mL was MB+RL: 3.59, AC+BL: 5.32, and AC: 5.24. There was no significant difference in penetration depth between MB and acai, using or not using PUI, in the coronal, middle, or apical thirds (<i>p</i> > 0.05). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Acai can be used as an antimicrobial agent for disinfection of the root canal, showing similar results when photoactivated or not.</p>","PeriodicalId":94169,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144164151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Narrative Review on Stress Granules and Ultraviolet Stress Granules.","authors":"Yuru Cheng, Shuzhen Tan, Yi Kong, Zhongrong Liu","doi":"10.1089/photob.2024.0142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/photob.2024.0142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Stress granules (SGs) are membraneless structures formed through liquid-liquid phase separation in response to cellular stress. These dynamic assemblies play a pivotal role in cellular adaptation and recovery from external stressors by modulating protein synthesis and preserving mRNA integrity, thereby influencing various cellular biological processes. Their significance has been demonstrated in diverse phenomena, including tumorigenesis, drug resistance, cellular senescence, and neurodegenerative disorders. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> This narrative review focuses on SGs and ultraviolet-induced SGs (UV SGs), examining their composition, formation mechanisms, and potential functions in the pathogenesis of various dermatological conditions, and explores the implications of UV SGs in cutaneous inflammation, immune-mediated skin disorders, dermatological malignancies, and pigmentary abnormalities. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We conducted a literature search of relevant publications from the inception of the Web of Science and CNKI databases up to 2024. The search terms included \"Stress Granules,\" \"Ultraviolet Stress Granules,\" \"Phase Separation,\" \"Cellular Stress Response,\" and \"Skin Diseases.\" High-quality articles were included after rigorous screening. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> In conclusion, this review aims to provide novel perspectives and targeted strategies for both clinical management and fundamental biological research in the field of dermatology.</p>","PeriodicalId":94169,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144164080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined Fractional Carbon Dioxide Laser and Fractional Microneedle Radiofrequency Treatment for Rhinophyma: A Case Report.","authors":"Gökçe Işıl Kurmuş, Erol Koç","doi":"10.1089/photob.2025.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/photob.2025.0023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Rhinophyma, an advanced form of rosacea, primarily affects older men and is characterized by nasal hypertrophy and irregular surface texture. Traditional treatments include pharmacologic interventions and various surgical techniques. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To present the clinical outcome of a novel combined treatment using fractional carbon dioxide laser (FCL) and fractional microneedle radiofrequency (FmRF) in a patient with rhinophyma. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A 62-year-old male with prominent nasal seborrhea, hypertrophy, and surface irregularities underwent combined treatment with FCL and FmRF. The treatment sessions were performed under topical anesthesia with post-procedure care including emollients and sun protection. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The patient experienced marked cosmetic improvement, including reduced nasal bulk and smoother surface texture, without adverse events such as scarring or pigmentary alteration. The recovery period was short, and patient satisfaction was high. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> This case represents the first report of combining FCL and FmRF for the treatment of rhinophyma. The favorable clinical and cosmetic outcome suggests this method may be a promising alternative to conventional surgical approaches. Further studies are needed to validate its efficacy and safety in broader populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":94169,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144145343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intense Pulsed Light for the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease: A Bibliometric and Visualized Analysis.","authors":"Junran Li, Bo Yu, Muyao Xin, Yu Sun, Emmanuel Eric Pazo, Xiaoli Xing","doi":"10.1089/photob.2024.0144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/photob.2024.0144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Objective</i></b><i>:</i> Bibliometric study of intense pulsed light (IPL) for dry eye disease (DED) and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) to characterize current worldwide patterns and offer visual representations of previous and emerging trends. <b><i>Background</i></b><i>:</i> DED is a prevalent eye condition and IPL has been reported to be an effective therapy for dry eyes. <b><i>Method</i></b><i>:</i> This cross-sectional study examined IPL for DED research evolution and theme trends from 2015 to 2024, using bibliometric analysis of WoSCC data. We examined 4334 IPL articles for publication year, journals, authors, institutions, countries/regions, references, and keywords. <b><i>Results</i></b><i>:</i> We found 111 articles from 2015 to 2024 articles and the annual publication rate was less than 10 from 2015 to 2017, but has steadily increased after 2018. Global publication volumes have increased by 1300% in the past decade, from 2 in 2015 to 28 in 2022. Currently, the number of articles stands at 10 in 2024. IPL for DED was published in 43 journals. Currently, the top journals publishing on this topic according to volume include Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery, Journal of Clinical Medicine, and Cornea. <b><i>Conclusions</i></b><i>:</i> The number of publications and citations on research related to IPL for DED treatment has steadily increased across numerous countries, institutions, and authors over the past decade. The current study illuminates the current trends, global collaboration patterns, fundamental knowledge, research hotspots, and emerging frontiers of IPL treatment. The primary focus now has been the development of innovative solutions for the treatment of DED and MGD by combining IPL with presenting DED treatment regime.</p>","PeriodicalId":94169,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144145372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Trial Comparing Three Wavelengths in Photobiomodulation Therapy for Hair Loss.","authors":"Yi-Fan Wang, Yu-Chiao Chen","doi":"10.1089/photob.2025.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/photob.2025.0020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Commercial lasers and light combs have limitations such as restricted wavelengths, inconsistent energy delivery, and variable results. While photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) at 650 nm has been extensively studied for hair growth, research on PBMT at 1550 nm and 14,000 nm (far infrared radiation, FIR) remains limited. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> This study aims to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of PBMT, including 650 nm, 1550 nm, and 14,000 nm, in promoting hair growth and improving scalp health. <b><i>Method:</i></b> A controlled study with 68 participants (18-60 years old) assigned them to either PBMT 650 nm, 1550 nm, 14,000 nm, or a control group. Treatment lasts 3 months, with maintenance treatments every 4-6 weeks for up to 9 months. Hair density, scalp condition, and loss were assessed at baseline 3, 6, and 9 months. <b><i>Results:</i></b> PBMT at 650 nm, 1550 nm, and 14,000 all improved hair growth over 9 months. Hair density increased in the PBMT groups (100→114 hairs/cm², 99→115 hairs/cm², and 101→107 hairs/cm²), while the control group declined (100→98 hairs/cm²). Among the 68 participants, 42 had oily scalps initially. This condition improved in all treatment groups, with oily scalp cases nearly halved in each treatment group. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> PBMT (650 nm, 1550 nm, and 14,000 nm) effectively promotes hair growth and reduces hair loss. Further research is needed to refine protocols, explore combinations, and extend follow-up periods.</p>","PeriodicalId":94169,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144121763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Water Mist Flow Rate in Erbium - Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser Ablated Bone.","authors":"Zhengdong Xiong, Hao Wu, Ke Li, Ziran Liu, Jiliang Xu, Guanyu Zhang, Shanshan Tu, Shengjie Ma","doi":"10.1089/photob.2025.0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/photob.2025.0028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Objectives:</i></b> The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of water mist flow rate on the energy stability of Erbium - doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Er:YAG) laser and ablation of bone. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> The pig tibiae surface was ablated with Er:YAG laser (100 mJ, 20 Hz, 100 μs) at the flow rate of water mist of 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 mL/min, respectively, for 1 min each. An energy meter was used to record the energy of each laser pulse under different water mist flow rates. A thermocouple was inserted into the bone marrow cavity to record the temperature changes. Infrared thermography, stereomicroscope, and electronic balance were employed to record the surface temperature, morphology, and mass changes, respectively. <b><i>Results:</i></b> As the water mist flow rate escalates, the laser energy experiences a notable attenuation of 27.4%, and the stability parameter Root Mean Square (RMS) escalates by a factor of 30. Despite the relatively minor temperature change within the bone marrow cavity, obviously different surface morphologies are evident. In cases where water mist is less than 3 mL/min, the surface temperature soars, resulting in carbonization. Conversely, when the water mist is greater than 9 mL/min, the ablating mass deteriorates significantly, to merely 25.2% of the value without water mist cooling. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The water mist can affect the laser energy reaching the bone surface and its stability. When the water mist is insufficient, surface temperatures rise, causing carbonization. Conversely, it significantly reduces the ablating mass. Therefore, it is crucial to adjust the amount of water mist appropriately in erbium laser ablated bone. Given such large fluctuations in laser energy, the accuracy of erbium laser bone ablation is dramatically reduced, and the use of water mist cooling should be carefully considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":94169,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144081901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Photobiomodulation on Salivary Nitrite in Patients with Chemotherapy-Induced Oral Mucositis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.","authors":"Marwa Khalil, Omar Hamadah, Maher Saifo","doi":"10.1089/photob.2024.0151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/photob.2024.0151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Oral mucositis (OM) is a severe inflammatory and ulcerative condition of the oral mucosa commonly induced by chemotherapy. Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy has been proposed for preventing and treating OM. However, the understanding of light interaction with biological tissues and the variability in light sources and protocols limit its widespread application. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of PBM on salivary nitrite levels, a marker of oxidative stress associated with inflammation and tissue damage. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> This prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial included 45 patients, evenly divided into three age- and sex-matched groups. Group 1 received basic oral care instructions prior to chemotherapy. Group 2 received these instructions plus PBM using a 650 nm intraoral diode laser. Group 3 received basic oral care instructions combined with PBM using both a 650 nm intraoral diode laser and a 980 nm extraoral diode laser. OM severity was assessed using World Health Organization criteria, and salivary nitrite levels were measured using the Griess reagent kit (Biotium®) according to the manufacturer's instructions 1 and 2 weeks after the first chemotherapy session. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Our study included 45 patients who were evenly distributed into three groups, matched for age, sex, tumor type, and type of chemotherapy. Significant differences in OM severity were observed among the groups at both 1 and 2 weeks (<i>p</i> = 0.000). Salivary nitrite levels also showed significant differences between groups at these time points (<i>p</i> = 0.00). Significant differences were found between the control group and both laser treatment groups, but no significant difference was noted between the two laser treatment groups. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> PBM effectively reduces OM severity, whether used intraorally alone or combined with extraoral application. This effect is likely due to PBM's ability to lower salivary nitrite levels, indicating reduced oxidative stress and inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":94169,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144056507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Narrative Review on Metal-Organic Frameworks as Dual-Functional Nanocarriers: Advancing Chemo-Photothermal Therapy for Precision Cancer Treatment.","authors":"Dilpreet Singh, Akshay Thakur","doi":"10.1089/photob.2025.0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/photob.2025.0034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising multifunctional nanocarriers in cancer therapy due to their high porosity, tunable architecture, and ability to integrate dual treatment modalities. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> Among these, MOF-based chemo-photothermal therapy (CPTT) has gained significant attention as it enhances the efficacy of traditional chemotherapy through localized hyperthermia, thereby overcoming drug resistance and improving tumor targeting. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> MOFs can encapsulate chemotherapeutic agents while simultaneously acting as photothermal conversion agents upon near-infrared irradiation. <b><i>Results:</i></b> This mini-review explores the recent advancements in MOF-based CPTT, highlighting key developments such as stimuli-responsive drug release, metal-enhanced photothermal effects, and hybrid MOF nanostructures. Furthermore, we discuss their potential for theranostic applications, integrating imaging and therapy, and address the key challenges associated with biocompatibility, stability, and clinical translation. The enhanced therapeutic efficacy, biocompatibility, and remarkable targeting make the system as dual system for theranostics as well as targeting purpose. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The future of MOF-based CPTT lies in the development of biodegradable, targeted, and multifunctional MOFs, offering a pathway toward personalized, precision-driven oncological treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":94169,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144002265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulsed Radiofrequency Alleviates Acute Soft Tissue Injury in Rats by Regulating the TNF/mTOR Signaling Pathway.","authors":"Jianyun Ma, Xue Xu, Ying Zhang, Xiaoli Guo, Yunzhong Sun, Xiaochuan Wang, Lei Zhao, Qiming Shen","doi":"10.1089/photob.2024.0113","DOIUrl":"10.1089/photob.2024.0113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Objective:</i></b> Acute traumatic muscle injuries are common and result in substantial loss of time and risk of recurrence. Pulsed radiofrequency (PR) is a strategy that has been gradually adopted for treating muscle injuries in clinical practice. However, the molecular mechanism underlying its therapeutic effects is currently unclear. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> In this study, we screened the gene expression profiles of rats with muscle contusion obtained from the online dataset GSE162565. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses of the differentially expressed genes were conducted. Further, we established an acute soft tissue injury (ASTI) rat model and applied PR treatment. Muscle swelling rate analysis, malondialdehyde (MAD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) content, inflammatory cytokine release, and hematoxylin and eosin staining of the gastrocnemius muscles of ASTI and ASTI + PR rats were performed, and the results were compared with those of control rats. Further, we evaluated the gene expression of <i>Ccl1</i>, <i>interleukin-6</i> (<i>IL-6</i>), <i>nuclear factor-kappa-B-inhibitor alpha</i> (<i>Nfkbia</i>), <i>Akt1</i>, <i>Jun</i>, <i>Fos</i>, and <i>Caps3</i> in the model and PR-treated groups, all of which are key genes in the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway according to the KEGG analysis. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The results revealed that 52 genes involved in the TNF/mTOR signaling pathway were closely associated with ASTI progression in rats. PR treatment significantly reduced the malondialdehyde content but increased the SOD content in ASTI model rat muscles, efficiently alleviated muscle contusions and reduced TNF-α and IL-1β production. Moreover, PR treatment significantly decreased <i>Ccl1</i>, <i>IL-6</i>, and <i>Nfkbia</i> expression but increased <i>Akt1</i>, <i>Jun</i>, <i>Fos</i>, and <i>Caps3</i> levels in ASTI models. These data indicate that PR alleviated ASTI in rats by mediating redox homeostasis and the inflammatory response, which might be modulated by the TNF/mTOR signaling pathway. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Thus, this study contributes to the understanding of ASTI progression and provides more substantial information about the genetic mechanism underlying the therapeutic effects of PR on ASTI.</p>","PeriodicalId":94169,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":" ","pages":"198-206"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143805219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Photobiomodulation Therapy on <i>Xenopus laevis</i> Embryonic Epithelium.","authors":"Kelsey Lloyd, Lenore Pitstick, Feng Gao, Maria C Cuevas-Nunez, Rosa Ventrella","doi":"10.1089/photob.2024.0158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/photob.2024.0158","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) is widely used in clinical settings, particularly for treating oral mucositis. Although PBMT has shown promise in aiding tissue healing, its safety and potential effects on tumorigenesis remain controversial. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> <i>Xenopus laevis</i> (<i>X. laevis</i>) tadpoles have proven to be an effective <i>in vivo</i> model system to study how different therapies affect epithelial biology. Because of this, the goal of this study was to investigate how PBMT influences epithelial tissue in <i>X. laevis</i> tadpoles. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> <i>X. laevis</i> tadpoles were treated with PBMT three times, every 24 h, using a 660 nm low-level laser at a fluence of 2.08 J/cm² and an irradiance of 0.208 W/cm², resulting in a cumulative dose of 2.25 J. Tadpole tails were then fixed, and the abnormal tissue area was analyzed using fluorescent microscopy. <b><i>Results:</i></b> PBMT induced the formation of abnormal tissue structures along the epithelial edges. The altered tissue increased from 0.03% in control tadpoles to 0.37% in PBMT-treated tadpoles (<i>p</i> < 0.0001; Mann-Whitney nonparametric test), and the number of tadpoles displaying this abnormal phenotype increased from 3.8% of control tadpoles to 30.6% of PBMT-treated tadpoles (<i>p</i> < 0.001; chi-squared test). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> This study demonstrates that PBMT can have significant effects on the epithelial tissue of <i>X. laevis</i>. The PBMT-induced abnormal tissue structures represent a loss of tissue polarization and cellular organization along the tail edge, both of which are essential to maintaining tissue homeostasis. For the first time, we show that <i>X. laevis</i> may provide an <i>in vivo</i> model system for examining the effects and mechanisms of PBMT.</p>","PeriodicalId":94169,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":"43 5","pages":"215-218"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144013690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}