Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of Gingival Inflammation after Tooth Whitening In-Office with Violet LED: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial with a Split-Mouth Design.","authors":"Ana Eliza Castanho Garrini Dos Santos, Fátima Antonia Aparecida Zanin, Dacio Antônio Pantano Junior, Tamiris Silva, Karen Muller Ramalho, Maria Fernanda Setúbal Dextro Rodrigues, Lara Jansiski Motta, Sandra Kalil Bussadori, Aldo Brugnera Junior, Anna Carolina Ratto Tempestini Horliana","doi":"10.1177/25785478251380384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25785478251380384","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This split-mouth randomized study evaluated the effect of in-office tooth whitening with violet Light-Emitting Diode (LED) on gingival inflammation, assessed by gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) interleukin-6 (IL-6) level, histomorphology, and immunohistochemical analysis of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-α) and Cluster of Differentiation 8 (CD8) expression, with and without gingival barrier protection. Thirteen volunteers requiring gingivoplasty were included. The whitening procedure was performed with parameters of 400 nm, 134J/cm², and 20 cycles of 30 sec with 60 sec of standby. Gingival surgery was performed 48 h post-whitening for histomorphology analysis, while GCF IL-6 levels were quantified using an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). We also attempted immunohistochemical analysis of TNF-α and CD8 expression; however, the small gingival specimens, which were primarily epithelial tissue, limited the reliability of the results. No statistically significant differences were observed between sides for histomorphology or GCF IL-6. These findings suggest that LED whitening without a gingival barrier may not induce gingival inflammation. However, further studies with larger and gender-balanced samples, extended time points, and additional cytokine markers are needed to confirm these results.</p>","PeriodicalId":94169,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145083007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Efficacy of Photobiomodulation Therapy in Improving Cognitive Function and Reducing Depression and Anxiety in Patients with Mild-to-Moderate Dementia: A Double-Blinded Randomized Clinical Trial.","authors":"Somayeh Jarrahi, Nastaran Samani, Parisa Taheri Tanjani, Faraj Tabeie, Tahereh Kordmir, Ali Kheradmand","doi":"10.1177/25785478251376443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25785478251376443","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> There is strong evidence supporting the effectiveness of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in improving neuronal damage and enhancing neuropsychological activities. However, there is limited research on the effects of this method on cognitive function and mood disorders. This project aimed to evaluate the potential benefits of PBMT in improving cognitive status and mood disorders in patients with dementia. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In this randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial, 30 patients with mild-to-moderate dementia participated. The patients were divided into two groups: the first group (<i>n</i> = 15) received standard treatment along with PBMT, whereas the second group (<i>n</i> = 15) received standard treatment along with the use of an off-device on the head. Cognitive function, anxiety, and depression levels were assessed before, immediately after treatment, and 1 month later. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The comparison of cognitive functional score at baseline, after completing the therapeutic regimen, as well as one later showed no difference between the two groups (Table 1). Similarly, the two groups had similar mean scores for depression and anxiety at baseline and after treatment interventions. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The treatment likely has no significant impact on improving cognitive status or mood disorders in patients with mild-to-moderate dementia.</p>","PeriodicalId":94169,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145034747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Proof-of-Concept Study Investigating the Effects of Transcranial Plus Intranasal Photobiomodulation on Cognitive Function after Repetitive Head Acceleration Events.","authors":"Spencer W Liebel, Paula K Johnson, Hannah M Lindsey, Michael J Larson, Carrie Esopenko, Elizabeth S Hovenden, Hilary A Russell, Carmen Velez, Christine M Mullen, Lawrence S Carr, Elisabeth A Wilde, David F Tate","doi":"10.1177/15578550251361751","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15578550251361751","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Objective:</i></b> Investigate the effects of transcranial plus intranasal photobiomodulation (PBM) treatment on cognitive function, using an 810 nm light emitting diode headset and intranasal applicator every other day for 8-10 weeks. <b><i>Background Data:</i></b> An effective gold standard for the rehabilitation of repetitive head acceleration events (RHAEs) does not yet exist. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Forty-four participants with a history of RHAEs completed a battery of cognitive tests before and after PBM treatment. Data were analyzed at the group level (paired samples <i>t</i>-tests, controlling for multiple comparisons) and on the individual-person level (reliable change indices). <b><i>Results:</i></b> On a group level, participants demonstrated statistically significant improvements with moderate-to-large effect sizes in fluid cognition, verbal learning and memory, attention and working memory, and aspects of executive function following PBM treatment. Specific improvements were observed in verbal learning/encoding and delayed recall, sustained attention, errors of omission and commission, working memory, inhibition, and cognitive switching. On the individual level, 0-36% of participants showed reliable improvement across cognitive measures, depending on the subtest; changes were greatest on measures of attention and memory. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Results suggest that PBM treatment may be a promising intervention for improving cognitive function in individuals with a history of RHAEs. Observed improvements in cognitive function following PBM treatment may have important implications for the prevention and treatment of cognitive impairments associated with RHAEs. Further studies with more robust research designs that utilize clinical trial methodologies are needed to confirm and extend these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":94169,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":" ","pages":"400-410"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144715230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Efficacy and Safety of Transcranial Photobiomodulation for Mild Cognitive Impairment Due to Alzheimer's Disease: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Sham-Controlled Study.","authors":"Hyelim Chun, Minha Lea Yoon, Hee Won Lee, Jung Young Lee, Seung Bong Hong, Sang Soo Ha, Kang Jun Yoon","doi":"10.1177/15578550251369575","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15578550251369575","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) is a promising noninvasive neuromodulation modality with potential therapeutic benefits for neurodegenerative diseases. Infrared light delivered by a tPBM device penetrates the cortex, stimulating neuronal activity by increasing mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate production and enhancing regional cerebral blood flow. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> This study investigated the efficacy and safety of a self-administered, at-home, wearable tPBM device for improving cognitive function in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to Alzheimer's disease (AD). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Individuals with MCI due to AD, diagnosed according to the National Institute on Aging and Alzheimer's Association criteria, with a Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination-2 (K-MMSE2) score of 23-27 and a global Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) score of 0.5-1.0 were enrolled. Subjects self-administered tPBM six times per week for 12 weeks. Assessments were conducted at weeks 7 and 13 using the Korean version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (K-MoCA), K-MMSE2, the Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease, and the Geriatric Depression Scale. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 26 participants were enrolled. The treatment group showed a statistically significant improvement in K-MoCA scores at week 13 (<i>p</i> < 0.05) compared with the sham group. Although K-MMSE2 scores improved in the treatment group, the difference was not statistically significant. No serious adverse events were reported. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Findings suggest that tPBM is an effective and safe home-use intervention for individuals with MCI, with promising therapeutic and preventative roles in Alzheimer's dementia.</p>","PeriodicalId":94169,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":"43 9","pages":"411-416"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145055522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photobiomodulation Promotes Motor Recovery Following Decompressive Craniectomy for Traumatic Brain Injury.","authors":"Daniel C Bartelt, Steffen G Osborn, Levi P Sowers, Alexander Bassuk, Matthew A Howard, Brian T Andrews, Terry C Yin","doi":"10.1089/photob.2025.0021","DOIUrl":"10.1089/photob.2025.0021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Photobiomodulation (PBM), a noninvasive therapy using red and near-infrared light, has shown promising benefits in neuropathology. However, the transmission of PBM to the central nervous system through the scalp's soft tissues and skull is unknown. We hypothesize that decompressive craniectomy (DC) for moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) improves PBM penetrance and enhances neurorehabilitation. <b><i>Method:</i></b> Adult male and female Long-Evans rats were utilized to evaluate PBM tissue penetrance and its efficacy on motor deficit recovery following TBI and DC. TBI was induced using a hit-and-run closed-head model, which replicates clinical closed-head trauma. PBM transmittance was measured ex vivo using rat scalp soft tissue and hemicranium samples, with optical power and energy meter readings to quantify penetrance. Functional motor recovery was assessed using a beam walk test to quantify limb deficits defined by forelimb and hindlimb slips. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Analysis demonstrated attenuation of 660 nm and 850 nm PBM intensity during transcranial transmission, with scalp skin and cranial bone reducing irradiance from 70.5 mW/cm² to 3.96 mW/cm² for 660 nm PBM and from 82 mW/cm² to 4.96 mW/cm² for 850 nm PBM. Beam walk testing revealed significantly fewer hindlimb slips in PBM-treated rats (660 nm: 1.54, 850 nm: 1.86) compared with untreated TBI controls (4.3 slips), suggesting improved motor recovery. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Our study indicates that both PBM are attenuated by both scalp soft tissues and the hemicranium, yet both penetrate sufficiently following DC for moderate-to-severe TBI. Our findings suggest that PBM enhances neurorehabilitation outcomes with improved motor recovery in rats with TBI.</p>","PeriodicalId":94169,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":" ","pages":"394-399"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144593289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photodynamic Therapy, Ozonated Water, and Diode Laser Efficacy in Removing Smear Layer in Carious Dentin and Their Effect on Bond Integrity to Composite Resin.","authors":"Mohammed Hussain Dafer Al Wadei, Muhammad Qasim, Kashan Siddiqui, Shan Sainudeen, Ambrina Qureshi, Mustafa Naseem, Maryam Panhwar","doi":"10.1177/15578550251364114","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15578550251364114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Aim:</i></b> To investigate the efficacy of diode laser (DL), photodynamic therapy (PDT), and ozone water on the removal of smear layer (SL) and its assessment via scanning electron microscope (SEM) following its effect on shear bond strength (SBS) on carious affected dentin. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> Sixty-six caries-affected dentin (CAD) samples were obtained from the dental outpatient department. The occlusal enamel and infected dentin of the included samples were meticulously excised using a water-cooled, slow-speed device, resulting in a flat mid-coronal CAD surface. Based on the effectiveness of SL removal techniques, the samples were categorized into groups (<i>n</i> = 11 each). Group 1: no treatment, Group 2: DL, Group 3: PDT-activated methylene blue (MB), Group 4: 16 ppm ozonated water, Group 5: 17% ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA), and Group 6: 37% phosphoric acid (PA). One pair of samples from each group was assessed under SEM following different conditioning regimes. The remaining samples underwent the application of an adhesive 7th-generation single-bottle adhesive and composite placement. All bonded samples were aged, and SBS assessment was performed via a universal testing machine, and unbonded surfaces were assessed under a stereomicroscope. A one-way analysis of variance was employed, followed by Tukey honestly significant difference (HSD) post hoc tests. Statistical significance was established at a <i>p</i> value of less than 0.05. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The highest SL removal efficiency was observed in the PA group. The lowest SL removal efficacy was examined in the no-treatment group. SL removal efficiency via DL and EDTA was found to be comparable (<i>p</i> > 0.05) and significantly lower than samples conditioned with PA (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Samples conditioned with PDT-activated MB and ozonated water had comparable micro (μ)- SBS scores (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Samples conditioned via EDTA, PA, and diode demonstrated cohesive failure predominantly. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> PA is considered the benchmark for effectively removing the SL from dentin affected by caries, as it also enhances bonding strength. Nonetheless, EDTA and DLs present viable alternatives to phosphoric acid.</p>","PeriodicalId":94169,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":" ","pages":"425-433"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144786283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photobiomodulation for Degenerative Diseases: An Overview and Perspectives.","authors":"Rosane F Z Lizarelli, Afonso Shiguemi Inoue Salgado, Fabrízio Dos Santos Cardoso, Karina Jullienne de Oliveira Souza, Liciane Toledo Bello, Lívia Assis, Rosely Cordon, Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato","doi":"10.1177/15578550251363061","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15578550251363061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a well-established, noninvasive therapeutic modality supported by a robust scientific foundation and extensive case studies. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> However, in recent years, researchers have reported that low-intensity light could also help slow down degenerative processes resulting from unbalanced or epigenetically exacerbated aging. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We present data that support the use of PBM in addressing some of the primary degenerative diseases that significantly impact patients' quality of life. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Chronic diseases highlight the importance of emerging approaches utilizing low-power light sources, whether applied locally, systemically, or remotely. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> We conclude that PBM holds significant promise for patients suffering from chronic and debilitating conditions, offering potential therapeutic benefits. As the science of biophotonic continues to evolve, further advancements in light-based therapies are expected to enhance healing processes and improve the quality of life for patients worldwide. The growing body of evidence suggests that PBM is well-prepared to face the challenges imposed by degenerative diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":94169,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":" ","pages":"383-393"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144746604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of 980 nm Diode Laser Therapy in Acute Pericoronitis: A Retrospective Case Series.","authors":"Fei Guo, Jian Song, Haining Yu, Xiaohong Yu, Weidong Qu","doi":"10.1177/15578550251364121","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15578550251364121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Objective:</i></b> This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of 980 nm diode laser therapy as an adjunct to conventional treatment for acute pericoronitis. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> This retrospective study analyzed 108 patients with acute pericoronitis treated between June 2022 and June 2024. Participants were stratified into two groups: laser group (<i>n</i> = 69; 33 males, 36 females; mean age: 26.55 ± 6.05 years) and control group (<i>n</i> = 39; 20 males, 19 females; mean age: 26.08 ± 5.63 years). All patients initially underwent alternating irrigation with 0.9% NaCl and 3% H₂O₂ in pericoronal pockets, accompanied by oral hygiene instruction. The laser group was exposed to a 980-nm diode laser (Denlas-10BM; Wuhan Gigaa Optronics Technology Co. Ltd., China) irradiation at 1.5 W power with a 400-μm fiber tip, delivering 30-sec irradiation to the buccal, lingual, and occlusal aspects of inflamed pericoronal tissues, respectively, in combination with conventional therapy. The control group received conventional treatment alone (antibiotics, analgesics, and chlorhexidine). Clinical outcomes included maximum mouth opening (MMO), lymph node status, gingival inflammation area (GIA: Grade I-III), and pain levels assessed via visual analog scale (VAS; 0 = no pain to 10 = worst pain). <b><i>Results:</i></b> The laser group demonstrated significantly greater GIA improvement than controls (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Female patients in the control group exhibited smaller changes in GIA (<i>p</i> < 0.05). MMO improvement showed no intergroup difference (<i>p</i> > 0.05). VAS pain scores decreased from 5.49 ± 1.68 to 0.71 ± 1.59 in the laser group versus 5.54 ± 1.63 to 1.95 ± 2.37 in controls (<i>p</i> < 0.05). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The 980 nm diode laser, as an adjunct to conventional therapy, provides significant benefits in treating acute pericoronitis, reducing inflammation, alleviating pain, and promoting faster recovery. This minimally invasive treatment shows promise as an effective option in dental practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":94169,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":" ","pages":"434-440"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144786282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Noninvasive Terahertz Therapy Promoted Bone Regeneration via Localized Angiogenesis in a Pre-Clinical Tibial Defect Model.","authors":"Li Liu, Shaohui Geng, Yijin Jiang, Jingyuan Fu, Zixuan Shu, Hongxu Liu, Wenrui Jia, Guangrui Huang","doi":"10.1177/15578550251363058","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15578550251363058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Objective:</i></b> Bone defects present a significant clinical challenge, often requiring surgical intervention due to delayed healing. Terahertz (THz) radiation, a noninvasive physical energy-based therapy, has shown potential in promoting bone regeneration through biomolecular interactions. This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of THz irradiation in enhancing bone repair using a pre-clinical rat tibial fracture defect model. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A standardized tibial bone defect model was created in rats, with daily THz irradiation (0.1 THz, 20 min/session) administered continuously for 28 days. Micro-computed tomography (CT) evaluations were performed weekly throughout the study period, while histological assessments (hematoxylin and eosin [HE] and Masson staining), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) immunohistochemistry, and serum biomarker analyses were exclusively conducted at the 28-days endpoint. Micro-CT imaging, histopathological staining, and tyramide signal amplification analyses were conducted to assess bone volume fraction, collagen deposition, and angiogenesis. Blood biochemical markers were also evaluated to determine systemic metabolic effects. <b><i>Results:</i></b> By week 4, the THz-treated group demonstrated a higher new bone formation compared with control group. Micro-CT analysis revealed significantly improved cortical continuity and bone volume fraction at weeks 3 and 4 (<i>p</i> < 0.05). HE and Masson staining showed enhanced collagen alignment and trabecular organization. The IF test indicated increased VEGFA expression in local new bone (<i>p</i> < 0.01), suggesting augmented angiogenesis. No significant changes were observed in serum <i>biochemistry</i> markers, indicating localized rather than systemic effects. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> THz radiation effectively accelerates bone defect healing by enhancing osteoblast activity and vascularization without systemic metabolic alterations. These findings highlight the potential of THz therapy as a novel, noninvasive approach for bone regeneration, warranting further research for clinical translation.</p>","PeriodicalId":94169,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":" ","pages":"417-424"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144984353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Additive Effects of Photobiomodulation and Adipose-Derived Stem Cells on Stereology, Macrophage Polarization, and Growth Factor Expression in the Inflammatory and Proliferative Phases of Type 2 Diabetic Wound Healing in Rats.","authors":"Ali Moradi, Abdollah Amini, Atarodalsadat Mostafavinia, Rouhallah Gazor, Parvaneh Naserzadeh, Soroush Bayat, Reyhaneh Hosseini, Sufan Chien, Mohammad Bayat","doi":"10.1177/15578550251363062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15578550251363062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global health concern, with 90% of cases diagnosed as type 2 DM (DM2). <b><i>Objective:</i></b> We evaluated the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) plus adipose-derived stem (ADS) cells, alone and together, during the inflammation (day 4) and proliferation (day 8) stages of the wound healing process (WHP) in an infected ischemic wound model in DM2 rats. Stereological parameters and immunohistological assessments of M1 and M2 macrophage phenotypes, as well as mRNA expression levels of four genes, were assessed. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> We assigned 48 rats to 4 groups: control, PBM, ADS, and PBM+ADS. <b><i>Results:</i></b> On day 4, the treatment groups had significantly reduced neutrophil, macrophage, and M1 counts compared to the control group (all <i>p</i> < 0.001). PBM+ADS showed the greatest reduction (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The treatment groups had higher fibroblast and M2 counts (<i>p</i> < 0.001), with PBM+ADS showing the largest increase (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Vascular length was significantly greater in the PBM+ADS and PBM groups (<i>p</i> < 0.001), with PBM+ADS showing the highest increase (<i>p</i> < 0.001). New epidermis and dermis volumes were significantly higher in all treatment groups (<i>p</i> < 0.001), with PBM+ADS showing the greatest improvements (<i>p</i> < 0.001). On day 8, neutrophil, macrophage, and M1 counts remained significantly lower in all treated groups (<i>p</i> < 0.001), with PBM+ADS showing the most reduction. Fibroblasts and M2 counts remained elevated, with PBM+ADS having the highest values (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Vascular length, epidermis, and dermis volumes increased significantly in the PBM+ADS group (all <i>p</i> < 0.001). There were significant increases in basic fibroblast growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor A, stromal cell-derived factor-1α, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha in all treatment groups (all <i>p</i> < 0.001), especially the PBM+ADS and PBM groups. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Although PBM outperformed ADS in enhancing WHP in a DM2 rat model, the combination of PBM+ADS showed the best results.</p>","PeriodicalId":94169,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144984324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}