Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery最新文献

{"title":"Use of Er:YAG Laser for Disinfection of Infected Carious Dentin: Microbiological Evaluation and Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis.","authors":"Maria Olivia Marcondes Pinto, Victor E Arana-Chavez, Livia Tosi Trevelin, Patricia Moreira Freitas, Sérgio Luiz Pinheiro","doi":"10.1177/25785478261444876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25785478261444876","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of Er:YAG laser for disinfection of softened carious dentin using subablative parameters.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Current literature lacks robust scientific evidence supporting the use of Er:YAG laser for disinfection of the entire carious dentin without mechanical removal.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ninety permanent third molars were used; 75 were allocated to microbiological evaluation and 15 to scanning electron microscopy. Artificial dentin carious lesions were produced using a microcosm biofilm model, and specimens were randomly assigned to five groups according to the cavity disinfection protocol (<i>n</i> = 15): Group C (positive control)-carious lesions with no disinfection procedure; Group antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT, negative control)-application of 0.005% methylene blue followed by low-level laser irradiation delivering 9 J of energy; Group Er:YAG, parameter A-irradiation with Er:YAG laser at 50 mJ of energy; Group Er:YAG, parameter B-irradiation at 40 mJ; and Group Er:YAG, parameter C-irradiation at 20 mJ. A repetition rate of 15 Hz was used for all Er:YAG-irradiated groups. Microbiological outcomes (CFU/mL) were analyzed using the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn's post hoc test, with a significance level set at 5%.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant microbial reduction in dentin carious lesions was observed after irradiation with Er:YAG laser at 50 mJ (parameter A) and aPDT (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). In contrast, irradiation at 40 mJ (parameter B) and 20 mJ (parameter C) did not result in a significant reduction of the cariogenic microbiota (<i>p ></i> 0.05). No significant difference was detected between the microbial reduction achieved with Er:YAG laser at 50 mJ (parameter A) and aPDT (<i>p ></i> 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Er:YAG laser irradiation at 50 mJ demonstrated antimicrobial efficacy comparable with aPDT for disinfection of softened carious dentin, with a shorter operative time, supporting its potential use as an alternative treatment in minimally invasive dentistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":94169,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":" ","pages":"25785478261444876"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147694498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erbium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser and Photochemical Functionalization of Polyetheretherketone Post Surface: Comparative Push-Out Bond Strength Evaluation Using Total-Etch and Self-Adhesive Resin Cements.","authors":"Saleh Ali Alqahtani","doi":"10.1177/25785478261442478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25785478261442478","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Evaluating the effect of surface conditioning protocols-sulfuric acid (SA), Er: YAG (erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet) laser, and Rose Bengal-activated photochemical functionalization (RB-PCF)-on the surface roughness (R_a) and push-out bond strength (PBS) of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) posts bonded to canal dentin using total-etch conventional resin cement (TE-CRC) and self-adhesive resin cement (SARC).</p><p><strong>Material and method: </strong>Briefly, 60 extracted, caries-free human maxillary canines were decoronated to 15 mm root length. Endodontic therapy was performed using the ProTaper Next system, followed by obturation. Post space preparation was carried out with Peeso reamers. Briefly, 90 PEEK posts were allocated into 3 groups (<i>n</i> = 30) based on the surface conditioning methods. Group 1: SA, Group 2: Er: YAG laser, Group 3: RB-PCF. R_a was assessed using a profilometer, and surface topography was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. The remaining 20 posts were subdivided based on the cement type used for bonding to canal dentin: TE-CRC and SARC (<i>n</i> = 10 each). Specimens were sectioned into cervical, middle, and apical thirds and tested for PBS, after which failure modes were examined. Data analysis was performed using analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Group 1 (SA) showed the highest R_a (1.32 ± 0.32 µm), while Group 3 (RB-PCF) exhibited the lowest R_a (0.56 ± 0.21 µm). The highest PBS was observed in the cervical third of Group 1A (SA + TE-CRC), whereas the lowest occurred in the apical third of Group 3A (RB-PCF + TE-CRC).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Er: YAG laser conditioning appears to be a viable alternative to SA for surface pretreatment of PEEK posts. Self etch resin cement showed improved performance compared with TE-CRC.</p>","PeriodicalId":94169,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":" ","pages":"25785478261442478"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147694430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phototherapy for Acne Vulgaris: Strategies and Clinical Applications in Sebum Modulation, Inflammation Control, and Scar Management.","authors":"Xinyi Ren, Lan Ge, Zhiqiang Song","doi":"10.1177/25785478261438102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25785478261438102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory skin disease, and photo-based therapies have been adopted as noninvasive alternatives to pharmacological treatment.<i>Objective:</i> To systematically evaluate the therapeutic strategies and biological mechanisms of photo-based therapies in the management of acne vulgaris, focusing on sebum modulation, inflammation control, and the treatment of acne sequelae to inform phenotype-oriented clinical decision-making.<i>Methods:</i> Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a systematic search was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science for studies published between 2005 and 2025. From an initial 2,218 records, 64 articles comprising 42 clinical trials and 22 experimental studies were selected for inclusion based on their focus on the efficacy, safety, and molecular mechanisms of light-emitting diodes (LED), intense pulsed light (IPL), laser systems, and photodynamic therapy (PDT).<i>Results:</i> Analysis revealed that photo-based modalities target acne through three primary pathways: 1. Sebum Modulation: Aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-PDT demonstrates superior, durable efficacy in moderate-to-severe acne by inducing sebocyte apoptosis and downregulating lipogenesis via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and OLR1-Wnt/β-catenin pathways. 2. Inflammation Control: Blue and red light (LED) and IPL provide gradual anti-inflammatory effects suitable for mild-to-moderate acne by reducing C. acnes colonization and modulating cytokines such as TGF-β1, IL-10, and TNF-α. 3. Tissue Remodeling: For acne sequelae, fractional CO2 and picosecond lasers promote collagen remodeling to improve atrophic scars, while vascular-targeted lasers (PDL, Nd:YAG) and IPL effectively reduce post-inflammatory erythema (PAE) and hyperpigmentation (PIH).<i>Conclusions:</i> Photo-based therapies are phenotype-specific rather than interchangeable. Strategies targeting sebaceous activity and inflammation are central to treating active lesions, while tissue-remodeling interventions are most effective for managing sequelae. This review establishes a strategy-oriented framework that supports personalized, evidence-based treatment planning in routine clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":94169,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":" ","pages":"25785478261438102"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147694469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intense Pulsed Light for Chalazion: A Single-Arm Prospective Cohort Study of 61 Patients.","authors":"Qiu Yan, Zeyi Li, Zhuoyi Hu, Chang Cai, Dan Li","doi":"10.1177/25785478261421408","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25785478261421408","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Chalazion is a common eyelid disorder with limitations in existing treatment options. While intense pulsed light (IPL) has shown potential in treating meibomian gland dysfunction, its efficacy for chalazion requires further validation. This study aimed to describe clinical outcomes after IPL for chalazion and to identify factors associated with lesion resolution.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a single-center, single-arm prospective cohort study. Sixty-one patients with chalazion were enrolled and received weekly IPL treatment. Follow-up was conducted 1 week after each session, and the primary outcome was assessed at the ≥1-week visit after the final IPL session. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and elastic net-penalized logistic regression were used to analyze treatment outcomes and associated factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall lesion resolution rate after IPL treatment was 77.0% [47/61; 95% confidence interval (CI), 65.1-85.8%]. Chi-square analyses showed that symptom duration (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and the number of IPL sessions (<i>p</i> = 0.002) were significantly associated with lesion resolution. In Elastic Net-penalized logistic regression, compared with a single IPL session, two sessions [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 3.685; 95% CI, 1.000-73.950] and ≥3 sessions [aOR 40.844; 95% CI, 1.897-247.637] were associated with higher odds of resolution. Compared with symptom duration >30 days, symptom duration ≤7 days [aOR 21.101; 95% CI, 3.305-706.384] and 8-30 days [aOR 3.430; 95% CI, 1.000-57.852] was associated with higher odds of treatment success. Overall model performance was acceptable (fivefold cross-validated area under the curve = 0.887). No serious adverse events occurred.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this single-arm prospective cohort, IPL treatment was associated with a 77.0% lesion resolution rate. Because spontaneous resolution of chalazia is common and the study lacked a control group, these observational findings cannot establish causality, and controlled trials are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":94169,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":" ","pages":"233-241"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147286863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison between the Effect of Intense Pulsed Light and Lid Hygiene on the Tear Film and Ocular Surface: A Randomized Controlled Study.","authors":"Shekhar Jha, Qiwei Li, Yan Jin, Zheng Yang, Hui Liu, Emmanuel Eric Pazo, Shaozhen Zhao, Yue Huang","doi":"10.1177/25785478261428958","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25785478261428958","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Demodex folliculorum infestation is an important contributor to meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and chronic ocular surface disease. This study evaluated and compared the therapeutic efficacy of intense pulsed light (IPL) and eyelid hygiene (ELH) for Demodex-associated MGD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective, randomized comparative trial, 50 patients (100 eyes) with Demodex-associated MGD were allocated to two arms. Group A (<i>n</i> = 25) received three Eyesis IPL sessions at baseline, week 2, and week 4. Group B (<i>n</i> = 25) performed daily eyelid hygiene with OCuSOFT Lid Scrub for 6 weeks. Ocular surface parameters, including ocular surface disease index (OSDI), tear film lipid layer thickness (TFLL), noninvasive tear film break-up time (NITBUT), meibomian gland dropout, meibum quality and expressibility, corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), Schirmer's I, and Demodex count, were assessed from baseline to week 6. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and intraocular pressure (IOP) were recorded at each visit.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both treatments significantly improved OSDI, NITBUT, TFLL, Schirmer's I, and CFS over 6 weeks (all <i>p</i> < 0.001). Compared with ELH, IPL achieved larger and earlier reductions in symptoms, greater increases in TFLL, and superior improvements in meibum quality and expressibility from week 4 onward (between-group <i>p</i> ≤ 0.021). Demodex counts decreased significantly in both groups with no between-group difference at week 6. BCVA, IOP, and adverse events remained stable, indicating a favorable short-term safety profile.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>IPL and ELH are effective for Demodex-related MGD, but IPL provides faster and more pronounced improvements in meibomian gland function, tear film stability, and patient-reported symptoms over 6 weeks.</p>","PeriodicalId":94169,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":" ","pages":"258-266"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147476791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facial Rejuvenation with Fractional CO₂ Laser: Evidence in Latin Skins.","authors":"Aura Ibeth Ruiz-Rosas, Lourdes Raquel Díaz-Benites, Paola Andrea Russy-Buitrago, Karen Villa-Méndez, Denis Velásquez-Gutiérrez, Irene Fusco, Dayana Carbonell-Garcia, Paula Lozano-Bitar","doi":"10.1177/25785478251391558","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25785478251391558","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fractional carbon dioxide (CO₂) laser is the standard treatment in facial rejuvenation for light skin phototypes; nevertheless, in Latin America, it is one of the most performed procedures on phototypes III-V.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The goal of this study is to evaluate the improvement in facial skin aging in Latin skins with fractional CO₂ laser and its side effects in a period of 3 months.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Descriptive multicenter cross-sectional study including 165 patients from 2 medical centers in Latin America who attended from 2014 to 2021. Data were collected from medical records and assessment of facial aging was performed through photographic records by two independent investigators. An arithmetic mean was obtained for each variable and for each researcher, subsequently the obtained values were averaged to find the overall average improvement according to the intervention and skin phototype. A Cohen's Kappa Concordance Test was performed to determine the agreement between observers beyond chance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant improvement in fine lines, mottled pigmentation, and overall skin appearance was observed in patients treated with fractional CO₂ laser with or without platelet-rich plasma. As for side effects, only one patient presented with herpes simplex.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There are few studies to date that evaluate the use of fractional CO₂ laser in Latin skins, through this research, it is evident that this technology has good results for facial rejuvenation in this type of patients and few side effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":94169,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":" ","pages":"226-232"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145544654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcranial Photobiomodulation in Sports Medicine: Enhancing Athletic Performance and Injury Prevention.","authors":"Milad Iravani, Maryam Moghaddam Salimi, Ali Jahan, Leyla Rastgar-Farajzadeh, Bahram Jamali, Abbas Ebrahimi-Kalan","doi":"10.1177/25785478261429308","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25785478261429308","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In sports, achieving peak performance and overcoming injuries are critical for athletes at all levels. This narrative review, aligned with PRISMA guidelines, synthesizes evidence from 7 human and animal studies on the effects of transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) in sports medicine, focusing on athletic performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>tPBM, which uses red and near-infrared light, offers a noninvasive approach that has shown preliminary evidence of enhancing motor function, cognitive performance (e.g., attention, decision-making), and muscle strength while reducing neuroinflammation and aiding recovery from neurological damage. However, evidence for mitigating injury, particularly for traumatic brain injuries, is limited and primarily derived from animal models or human studies with methodological limitations, such as small sample sizes or lack of sham controls. Challenges include inconsistent protocols and limited research on elite athletes. tPBM may hold potential as a complementary tool to traditional approaches, but further rigorous trials are needed to establish standardized protocols and confirm its efficacy. Future trials should prioritize larger samples, sham-controlled designs, athlete-specific cohorts, standardized protocols, and outcome measures such as reaction time, executive function, grip strength, and balance control.</p>","PeriodicalId":94169,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":" ","pages":"216-225"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147438603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gingival Melanin Depigmentation Using Pulsed 450 nm Diode Laser: A Split-Mouth Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Ablative Versus Non-Ablative Techniques.","authors":"Walid Altayeb, Kenneth Luk, Arnabat-Dominguez Josep, Ahmed Abdullah, Raneem Darkazali, Omar Hamadah","doi":"10.1177/25785478261424559","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25785478261424559","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes and patient comfort levels after gingival depigmentation using ablative and non-ablative 450 nm diode lasers.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Gingival pigmentation is a common esthetic concern that affects patients' self-confidence. Laser-assisted depigmentation has emerged as a popular treatment, with both ablative and non-ablative techniques showing promising results. However, limited comparative data exist regarding their relative efficacy and patient experience.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A split-mouth, single-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted on 20 patients with physiological gingival pigmentation scores of ≥2, based on the Dummett Oral Pigmentation Index (OPI). Each participant received ablative laser treatment on one side of the mouth and non-ablative treatment on the contralateral side. Outcome measures included changes in OPI and Melanin Pigmentation Index at baseline, 1 month, 6 months, and 12 months. Patient-reported pain and discomfort were assessed using a modified McGill Pain Questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both techniques achieved successful depigmentation. Ablative laser treatment resulted in immediate pigment removal with lower repigmentation rates but was associated with higher intraoperative discomfort. Non-ablative treatment caused less pain and faster healing but required multiple sessions to achieve comparable results. Statistical analysis confirmed significant differences in repigmentation rates and patient comfort levels between the two modalities.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both ablative and non-ablative 450 nm diode lasers are effective for gingival depigmentation. The choice of technique should be tailored to patient preferences, with ablative lasers favored for immediate results and non-ablative lasers preferred for enhanced comfort and faster recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":94169,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":" ","pages":"242-251"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147329013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thulium Fiber Laser Versus Holmium:YAG for Urological Stone Lithotripsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Nidal Samira, Moh Sanee, Murad Asali","doi":"10.1177/25785478261415810","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25785478261415810","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy, safety, and procedural outcomes of thulium fiber laser (TFL) compared to Holmium:YAG (Ho:YAG) in laser lithotripsy for urinary stones, based on a synthesis of randomized and comparative studies.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Scopus were searched for studies published between January 2010 and March 2025. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials and cohort studies directly comparing TFL and Ho:YAG in ureteroscopy or retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS). Primary outcomes were stone-free rate (SFR), operative time, complication rate, and retreatment rate. Meta-analyses were performed using a random-effects model; heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-eight studies were included (7 RCTs, 21 cohort studies), encompassing a total of 3672 patients. TFL was associated with a significantly higher SFR (93.5% vs. 87.2%, <i>p</i> < 0.01), shorter operative time (43.2 vs. 52.8 min, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and lower retreatment rates (4.2% vs. 7.6%, <i>p</i> < 0.01). Complication rates were comparable between groups. Heterogeneity among studies was moderate (I² = 62%); subgroup analysis and sensitivity testing were used to explore sources of variability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TFL demonstrates superior procedural outcomes compared to Ho:YAG in endourological management of urinary stones. Further research into next-generation systems-such as the Cyber Ho Magneto, which integrates high-power Ho:YAG output with TFL-like pulse modulation-may provide additional procedural benefits and warrants formal clinical evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":94169,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":" ","pages":"211-215"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146145145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topical and Oral Photoprotection for the Treatment of Photodermatoses. A Survey of 90 Dermatologists.","authors":"Daniel Morgado-Carrasco, Jesús Delgado, Pablo Balado-Simó, Jaime Piquero-Casals","doi":"10.1177/25785478261426182","DOIUrl":"10.1177/25785478261426182","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction and objectives: </strong>Strict photoprotection is essential for the management of photodermatoses. However, we have not found studies on photoprotection (topical and/or oral) prescribed in clinical practice. Our objective was to describe the characteristics of topical and oral photoprotection recommended for photodermatoses, including the prescription of a topical broad-spectrum sunscreen containing ectoin (BSSE).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>An anonymous survey carried out (as a pretest) among dermatologists at an online photoprotection event held on May 20, 2023, in Spain.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The survey was answered by 90 dermatologists (45.4% [90/198] of the attendees). Of these, 67.8% (61/90) were women, and 83.3% (75/90) worked in public hospitals; 98.9% (89/90) reported always or almost always prescribing sunscreens in cases of photodermatoses. The most important characteristics of sunscreens were: protection against ultraviolet A (UVA) (95.6%) (86/90), against visible light (76.7%) (69/90), and the cosmetic acceptability of the product (67.8%) (61/90); 90% (81/90) reported regularly prescribing a BSSE for photodermatosis, and 60.7% (54/90) claimed that this product was effective or highly effective in reducing symptoms. Oral photoprotection was recommended by 95.5% (85/89) of respondents, and 97.7% (86/88; 2 nonresponders) reported observing a decrease in symptomatology when oral photoprotection was prescribed together with sunscreens.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>Online survey, potential inclusion bias.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The majority of dermatologists surveyed prescribed sunscreens with high protection against UVA and visible light for photodermatoses, recommended oral photoprotection with <i>Polypodium leucotomos</i> and reported observing a decrease in symptomatology after recommending topical plus oral photoprotection.</p>","PeriodicalId":94169,"journal":{"name":"Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery","volume":" ","pages":"252-257"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147329040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}