Carbohydrate Research最新文献

{"title":"Human-specific evolutionary genetic loss of addition of a single oxygen atom from sialic acids increases hydrophobicity of cells and proteins [Carbohydr. Res. (552), June 2025, 109469].","authors":"Karen Dunker, Kristine Mathingsdal Pedersen, Suraj Toraskar, Sandra Diaz, Ajit Varki, Marit Sletmoen, Raghavendra Kikkeri","doi":"10.1016/j.carres.2026.109919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carres.2026.109919","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9415,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Research","volume":" ","pages":"109919"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147638014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A HILIC-PDA(-MS) profiling approach for the analysis of (methyl esterified) unsaturated galacturonic acid oligosaccharides released from pectins and food by-products","authors":"Rebekka Elke Schmidt,&nbsp;Mirko Bunzel","doi":"10.1016/j.carres.2026.109816","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carres.2026.109816","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Functional and nutritional properties of pectins and pectic oligosaccharides (OS) depend on their structure. A major structural element of pectins are homogalacturonans, which consist of α-1,4-linked galacturonic acids (GalA). Homogalacturonans can be degraded to unsaturated (u)GalA-OS by pectin lyases. To analyze liberated uGalA-OS, a profiling approach based on hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) with photodiode array (PDA) and optional mass spectrometric (MS) detection was developed. Determination of molar relative response factors (RRF) of de-esterified uGalA-OS (degree of polymerization (DP) = 2–13) in relation to acarbose (internal standard) at 235 nm allows for (semi-)quantitative estimation of (methyl esterified) uGalA-OS and for application in other laboratories. Single quadrupole-MS enables to verify DP and to determine degree of methylation of uGalA-OS. Positions of methyl groups can be tentatively identified by orbitrap-MS. The developed profiling approach can be useful to analyze the specificity of a pectin lyase by analysis of uGalA-OS released from commercial pectin: The pectin lyase applied here appears to prefer a methyl group at cleavage subsite −1, but probably does not require a methyl group at subsite +1. In another application, various methyl esterified uGalA-OS (DP ≤ 12) were identified in enzymatically treated carrot pomace, a pectin-rich food by-product that can potentially be used to enhance nutritional properties of food products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9415,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Research","volume":"562 ","pages":"Article 109816"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical synthesis of the tetrasaccharide repeating unit of the O-antigen from halophilic Salinicola salarius HO-14","authors":"Bijoy Rudra ,&nbsp;Subrata Das ,&nbsp;Balaram Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.1016/j.carres.2026.109813","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carres.2026.109813","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Total chemical synthesis of the tetrasaccharide repeating unit of the O-antigen from the halophilic bacterium <em>Salinicola salarius</em> HO-14 in the form of its 2-aminoethyl glycoside is reported. Partially protected monosaccharide synthons are prepared from the commercially available <span>d</span>-mannose and <span>l</span>-rhamnose through rational protecting group manipulations. Sequential stereoselective glycosylations through activation of the thioglycoside using NIS and TMSOTf gave the target tetrasaccharide. The crucial 1,2-<em>cis</em> rhamnosidic linkage is formed by the use of hydrogen bond assisted aglycon delivery. The conjugation ready target tetrasaccharide is attractive for further glycoconjugate formation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9415,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Research","volume":"562 ","pages":"Article 109813"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146017484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functionalization of β-glucans as a tool for enhancing biological properties: A scientometric approach","authors":"Marcelo L.K. Marchioro ,&nbsp;Gabrielly C.G. Xavier ,&nbsp;Thaís F.M. Mota ,&nbsp;Robert F.H. Dekker ,&nbsp;Mário A.A. Cunha","doi":"10.1016/j.carres.2026.109836","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carres.2026.109836","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>β-glucans are polysaccharides with remarkable biological properties, including antioxidants, anticoagulants, antimicrobials, and immunomodulatory activities. However, their low solubility limits industrial applications, making chemical modification a key strategy to enhance solubility, biocompatibility, and biological performance. This scientometric study analyzed research on the chemical modification of β-glucans from 1986 to 2025, using data from Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed. After refinement, 321 articles were evaluated through Excel, OriginPro 2025, and CiteSpace software. Results revealed a marked increase in publications and citations over the last decade, with China, Japan, the United States, and Brazil leading in productivity. Carbohydrate Polymers and the International Journal of Biological Macromolecules were the most influential journals in this field. Keyword analysis revealed three developmental stages: an initial phase centered on structural studies, an intermediate phase focused on biomedical applications (including antitumor and anticoagulant properties), and a recent phase emphasizing the antioxidant potential and integration of modified β-glucans in drug delivery and nanotechnology. Despite significant progress, challenges persist regarding the standardization of synthesis, structural characterization, and clinical validation. Strengthening regioselective synthesis, consistent analytical methods, and sustainable approaches is essential to consolidate modified β-glucans as promising biopolymers for pharmaceuticals, functional foods, and biomaterials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9415,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Research","volume":"562 ","pages":"Article 109836"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A concise synthesis of the A and B blood group antigenic determinants","authors":"Fayliesha Spyker ,&nbsp;Keith A. Stubbs","doi":"10.1016/j.carres.2026.109825","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carres.2026.109825","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Novel and concise synthetic routes to the trisaccharide A and B blood group antigenic determinants have been devised. These trisaccharides, each containing a <span>d</span>-galactosyl-based and <span>l</span>-fucosyl moiety both α-linked to a central <span>d</span>-galactose unit, have previously been synthesised via a variety of methods, with most reporting poor yields. Developments in carbohydrate synthesis, especially the availability of highly α-selective galactosyl donors, provided the opportunity for novel and robust syntheses of these biologically relevant antigenic determinants to be explored. Herein are demonstrated efficient routes to these blood group antigenic determinants via initial establishment of the key α-1,3 linkage, followed by a late-stage incorporation of the <span>l</span>-fucosyl unit. These synthetic routes have the potential to be utilised in the preparation of similar compounds, with applications in ongoing research into the ABO blood group antigens and their influence on human health and disease states.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9415,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Research","volume":"562 ","pages":"Article 109825"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of monosaccharide colorimetric efficiency by phenol-sulfuric acid method and optimization of quantitative models for polysaccharides","authors":"Anbang Li ,&nbsp;Chang Liu ,&nbsp;Ronge Xing ,&nbsp;Song Liu ,&nbsp;Kecheng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.carres.2026.109835","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carres.2026.109835","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phenol-sulfuric acid method, a classical approach for total sugar quantification, suffers from substantial variation in the colorimetric efficiency among different monosaccharides, which may result in significant measurement bias. In this study, we investigated the colorimetric efficiency of 14 monosaccharides across three different systems and found that the colorimetric efficiency followed the pattern: neutral &gt; acidic &gt; amino monosaccharides. Notably, the colorimetric efficiency of mannose was over 800-fold higher than that of glucosamine. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) revealed that functional groups (carboxyl, amino) were the major determinants of colorimetric efficiency. Based on these findings, we assessed three quantitative models for five polysaccharides. The traditional model was suitable for homogeneous glucans (e.g., starch, recovery ∼101.0 %). The dominant monosaccharide model was effective for neutral polysaccharides with a single monosaccharide composition (e.g., mannan, recovery ∼100.5 % in the optimized system). In contrast, the weighted model, which integrates molar ratios and individual efficiencies, failed to improve accuracy for complex heterogeneous acidic polysaccharides (e.g., fucoidans, recovery &lt;40.0 %). Furthermore, amino groups in polysaccharides (e.g., chitosan) strongly inhibited the reaction, precluding accurate quantification. This study provides a theoretical basis for the precise application of the phenol-sulfuric acid method and offers methodological guidance for the standardization of polysaccharide analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9415,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Research","volume":"562 ","pages":"Article 109835"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oligosaccharides from Scorzonera yildirimlii and S. zorkunensis, and their potential antimicrobial, enzyme inhibition, cytotoxic effect, and in silico study","authors":"Nurettin Yaylı ,&nbsp;Büşra Korkmaz ,&nbsp;Gozde Bozdal ,&nbsp;Büşra Şahin ,&nbsp;Şeyma Arıcı ,&nbsp;Yasemin Altun Ali ,&nbsp;Sermet Yıldırmış ,&nbsp;Gökçe Seyhan ,&nbsp;Ahmet Buğra Aksel ,&nbsp;Kamil Coşkunçelebi ,&nbsp;Serdar Makbul ,&nbsp;Arif Bozdeveci","doi":"10.1016/j.carres.2026.109833","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carres.2026.109833","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;In this study, the phytochemical investigation of &lt;em&gt;Scorzonera yildirimlii&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;S. zorkunensis&lt;/em&gt; led to the isolation and identification of eight new oligosaccharide constituents (&lt;strong&gt;1&lt;/strong&gt;–&lt;strong&gt;8&lt;/strong&gt;). Their structures were elucidated through comprehensive spectroscopic analysis (NMR, FT-IR, and mass spectrometry) and comparison with literature data. The structure of isolated compounds were &lt;em&gt;O&lt;/em&gt;-&lt;em&gt;α&lt;/em&gt;-D-Glc&lt;em&gt;p-&lt;/em&gt;(1 → 2)-&lt;em&gt;O&lt;/em&gt;-&lt;em&gt;β&lt;/em&gt;-D-Fru&lt;em&gt;f&lt;/em&gt;-(3 → 1)-&lt;em&gt;O&lt;/em&gt;-&lt;em&gt;myo&lt;/em&gt;-inositol (&lt;strong&gt;1&lt;/strong&gt;), &lt;em&gt;O&lt;/em&gt;-&lt;em&gt;α&lt;/em&gt;-D-Glc&lt;em&gt;p-&lt;/em&gt;(1 → 2)-&lt;em&gt;O&lt;/em&gt;-&lt;em&gt;β&lt;/em&gt;-D-Fru&lt;em&gt;f&lt;/em&gt;-(3 → 1)-&lt;em&gt;O&lt;/em&gt;-&lt;em&gt;epi&lt;/em&gt;-inositol (&lt;strong&gt;2&lt;/strong&gt;), &lt;em&gt;O&lt;/em&gt;-&lt;em&gt;β&lt;/em&gt;-D-Fru&lt;em&gt;f&lt;/em&gt;-(2 → 6)-&lt;em&gt;O&lt;/em&gt;-&lt;em&gt;α&lt;/em&gt;-D-Glc&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;-(1 → 1)-&lt;em&gt;O&lt;/em&gt;-&lt;em&gt;β&lt;/em&gt;-D-Glc&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;3&lt;/strong&gt;), &lt;em&gt;O&lt;/em&gt;-&lt;em&gt;β&lt;/em&gt;-D-Fru&lt;em&gt;f&lt;/em&gt;-(2 → 6)-&lt;em&gt;O&lt;/em&gt;-α-D-Glc&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;-(1 → 1)-&lt;em&gt;O&lt;/em&gt;-&lt;em&gt;β&lt;/em&gt;-D-Gal&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;4&lt;/strong&gt;), &lt;em&gt;O&lt;/em&gt;-&lt;em&gt;β&lt;/em&gt;-D-Fru&lt;em&gt;f&lt;/em&gt;-(2 → 6)-&lt;em&gt;O&lt;/em&gt;-&lt;em&gt;β&lt;/em&gt;-D-Fru&lt;em&gt;f&lt;/em&gt;-(2 → 6)-&lt;em&gt;O&lt;/em&gt;-&lt;em&gt;α&lt;/em&gt;-D-Glc&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;-(1 → 1)-&lt;em&gt;O&lt;/em&gt;-&lt;em&gt;β&lt;/em&gt;-D-Glc&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;5&lt;/strong&gt;), &lt;em&gt;O&lt;/em&gt;-&lt;em&gt;β&lt;/em&gt;-D-Fru&lt;em&gt;f&lt;/em&gt;-(2 → 6)-[&lt;em&gt;O&lt;/em&gt;-&lt;em&gt;β&lt;/em&gt;-D-Glc&lt;em&gt;p-&lt;/em&gt;(1 → 4)]-&lt;em&gt;O&lt;/em&gt;-&lt;em&gt;α&lt;/em&gt;-D-Glc&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;-(1 → 1)-&lt;em&gt;O&lt;/em&gt;-&lt;em&gt;β&lt;/em&gt;-D-Glc&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;6&lt;/strong&gt;), &lt;em&gt;O&lt;/em&gt;-&lt;em&gt;β&lt;/em&gt;-D-Fru&lt;em&gt;f&lt;/em&gt;-(2 → 6)-[&lt;em&gt;O&lt;/em&gt;-&lt;em&gt;β&lt;/em&gt;-D-Glc&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;-(1 → 4)]-3-OCH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;-&lt;em&gt;O&lt;/em&gt;-&lt;em&gt;α&lt;/em&gt;-D-Glc&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;-(1 → 1)-&lt;em&gt;O&lt;/em&gt;-&lt;em&gt;β&lt;/em&gt;-D-Glc&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;7&lt;/strong&gt;), and &lt;em&gt;O&lt;/em&gt;-&lt;em&gt;β&lt;/em&gt;-D-Fru&lt;em&gt;f&lt;/em&gt;-(2 → 6)-[&lt;em&gt;O&lt;/em&gt;-&lt;em&gt;β&lt;/em&gt;-D-Glc&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;-(1 → 4)]-&lt;em&gt;O&lt;/em&gt;-&lt;em&gt;α&lt;/em&gt;-D-Glc&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;-(1 → 4)-&lt;em&gt;O&lt;/em&gt;-&lt;em&gt;α&lt;/em&gt;-D-Glc&lt;em&gt;p-&lt;/em&gt;(1 → 2)-O-&lt;em&gt;β&lt;/em&gt;-D-Fru&lt;em&gt;f&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;8&lt;/strong&gt;). The antimicrobial activities of all the isolated compounds (&lt;strong&gt;1&lt;/strong&gt;–&lt;strong&gt;8&lt;/strong&gt;) were investigated against six microorganisms. Compounds &lt;strong&gt;2&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;3&lt;/strong&gt; were effective against &lt;em&gt;Mycobacterium smegmatis&lt;/em&gt; at minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 3.13 μg/mL and 3.44 μg/mL, respectively, compared with streptomycin (MIC = 4.0 μg/mL). The enzyme-inhibitory properties of the isolated compounds (&lt;strong&gt;1&lt;/strong&gt;–&lt;strong&gt;8&lt;/strong&gt;) were evaluated against tyrosinase and &lt;em&gt;α&lt;/em&gt;-glucosidase. Among the tested compounds, &lt;strong&gt;4&lt;/strong&gt; (39.78 ± 10.29 %) exhibited inhibitory activity against tyrosinase, while compound &lt;strong&gt;2&lt;/strong&gt; (68.04 ± 4.68 %) exhibited inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase. &lt;em&gt;In silico&lt;/em&gt; studies of &lt;strong&gt;1&lt;/strong&gt;–&lt;strong&gt;8&lt;/strong&gt; showed the best predicted binding affinities for the Trehalose-LpqY complex in the range of −11.088 kcal/mol to −14.297 kcal/mol, compared to streptomycin (−6.638 kcal/mol). Compounds &lt;strong&gt;1&lt;/strong&gt;–&lt;strong&gt;8&lt;/strong&gt; exhibited almost no cytotoxic activity against L-929 cells, fu","PeriodicalId":9415,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Research","volume":"562 ","pages":"Article 109833"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dissecting the glycoprofile of the human cytomegalovirus protein gB by comprehensive mass spectrometry analysis","authors":"Antonio Lembo ,&nbsp;Gian Luca Sardone ,&nbsp;Michela Aurilia ,&nbsp;Antonio Molinaro ,&nbsp;Francesco Berti ,&nbsp;Cristina De Castro ,&nbsp;Massimiliano Biagini","doi":"10.1016/j.carres.2026.109838","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carres.2026.109838","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glycosylation is the most critical post-translational modification occurring on proteins and its specific pattern depends both on the cells used for their production, such as mammalian cells, insect cells and yeast, and the expression conditions (<em>e.g.,</em> mannosidase inhibitors, gene deletion). The aim of this study is to characterize the glycans of recombinant glycoprotein B (gB) from Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV), expressed in CHO cells, by using different hyphenated mass spectrometry techniques in order to enrich the knowledge about glycosylation pattern changes in the protein production process and to develop versatile analytical platforms for the rapid analysis of protein glycosylation. The settled workflows focus on two main classes of analytes originating from the glycoprotein studied: glycopeptides and glycans. The analysis of the first category of molecules relies on a bottom-up proteomic approach in which the glycosites and the correspondent glycan heterogeneity and occupancy have been investigated by using high resolution tandem mass spectrometry; the analysis of the second class of molecules occurs by glycan shaving followed by fluorescence-liquid chromatography and mass-spectrometry characterization. These analyzes have been performed on the same glycoprotein expressed in a different culture media to demonstrate the capability of these analytical methods to monitor in detail oligosaccharide pattern changes. Finally, the impact of changes in glycosylation pattern on antigen immunogenicity has been assessed, showing that the presence of only high mannose oligosaccharides elicits higher titer of neutralizing antibodies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9415,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Research","volume":"562 ","pages":"Article 109838"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of a new glycosaminoglycan-like exopolysaccharide produced by the marine bacterium Alteromonas macleodii Mo169","authors":"Silvia Fanina ,&nbsp;Patrícia Concórdio-Reis ,&nbsp;Xavier Moppert ,&nbsp;Filomena Freitas ,&nbsp;Angela Casillo ,&nbsp;Maria Michela Corsaro","doi":"10.1016/j.carres.2026.109847","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carres.2026.109847","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Marine microorganisms produce extracellular polysaccharides with unique features, such as the presence of unusual monosaccharides, adhesiveness to biotic and abiotic surfaces, and close similarity to glycosaminoglycans (GAG), that are of considerable interest for biotechnological applications. In the present study, an extracellular microbial polysaccharide (EPS) has been isolated and structurally characterized. The EPS producer is the Gram-negative bacterium <em>Alteromonas macleodii</em> Mo169, previously isolated from a marine environment in French Polynesia. The bacterium has been cultivated using glycerol as the sole carbon source. Interestingly, the secreted EPS was composed of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-guluronic acid (GulNA) and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-glucose (GlcN), two amino sugars not commonly found in the <em>Alteromonas</em> genus. The purified EPS, with a molecular weight of 0.30 ± 0.01 MDa, consisted of the following repeating unit: →4)-α-L-GulNAc3OAcA-(1 → 3)-β-D-GlcNAc-(1 → .</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9415,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Research","volume":"562 ","pages":"Article 109847"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146099880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterologous expression, and characterization of chitinase from Kitasatospora setae and its efficient conversion of chitin polymer into chitobiose","authors":"Jiacheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Haorui Xu ,&nbsp;Xingxing Fang ,&nbsp;Chong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.carres.2026.109815","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carres.2026.109815","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using chitinase to convert chitin into oligosaccharides is greener compared to chemical methods. However, the low activity and low yield of existing chitinase enzymes limit their use. Here we reported a chitinase gene of <em>Kitasatospora setae</em> extracted from Uniprot, the chitinase was named KsChi. KsChi contains a signal peptide, a catalytic domain, and a chitin-binding domain. Insertion of the KsChi gene fragment into the pET-28a vector followed by transformation into <em>Escherichia coli</em> BL21(DE3) cells resulted in active expression. KsChi was optimally active at 60 °C in 50 mM citric acid buffer pH 5.0. KsChi exhibited the highest activity towards colloidal chitin, it showed a <em>K</em>_cat as 19.75 s⁻¹ and overall catalytic efficiency (<em>K</em>_cat/<em>K</em>_M) as 19.17 mL mg⁻¹ s⁻¹. KsChi can hydrolyze colloidal chitin to produce chitin oligosaccharides and has good stability under optimal reaction conditions. We expressed KsChi in a 5-L bioreactor, with a yield of up to 500 mg L⁻¹, which is currently the highest level, the total activity is approximately 11 times higher than those reported in other studies. Our results indicate that KsChi is an exochitinase, and its main hydrolysis product is <em>N</em>, <em>N′</em>-diacetylchitobiose ((GlcNAc)₂), which has a low <em>K</em>_M value and high activity, thus having a wide range of application prospects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9415,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Research","volume":"562 ","pages":"Article 109815"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145950154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}