Mymensingh medical journal : MMJ最新文献

{"title":"Association between Type of Cooking Fuel and Hypertension among Women Aged 30-49 Years in Bangladesh: A Cross-sectional Study.","authors":"M A Faruk, S A Islam, M A Bari","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study analyzed data from the 2017-18 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey to examine the association between cooking fuel type and hypertension among women aged 30-49 years. From an initial sample of 20,127 women aged 15-49 years, a final analytical sample of 1,126 women aged 30-49 years was derived based on self-reported hypertension diagnoses and complete data availability. Among these women, 221(19.6%) reported being diagnosed with high blood pressure by a medical professional. The majority (81.2%) used unclean cooking fuels and 81.6% were not diagnosed with hypertension. Bivariate chi-square analysis showed no significant association between type of cooking fuel and hypertension (p=0.79). Univariate logistic regression similarly indicated no significant relationship (OR=0.95, 95% CI: 0.66-1.38). Multivariable logistic regression adjusting for age, BMI, education, occupation, residence, wealth and media exposure showed a marginal 5.0% higher likelihood of hypertension among women using unclean fuels compared to those using clean fuels. Additionally, rural residence, agricultural occupation and higher education were associated with a reduced risk of hypertension. Although the study did not find a statistically significant link between cooking fuel type and hypertension, socioeconomic and demographic factors played a more prominent role. These findings highlight the need for integrated public health strategies that address multiple determinants of hypertension risk among Bangladeshi women.</p>","PeriodicalId":94148,"journal":{"name":"Mymensingh medical journal : MMJ","volume":"34 4","pages":"1245-1256"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145194144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Macular Ganglion Cell Complex Analysis for Diagnosis of Glaucoma Using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography.","authors":"T R Shuvo, A Sayeed, M Alam, S M R Raju, B Das, A Y M Hasan, M H Rahman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glaucoma is chronic progressive irreversible optic neuropathy characterized by significant visual field (VF) loss. So, early diagnosis and proper treatment can preserve the useful vision in lifetime. The objective of the study was to determine the importance of ganglion cell complex (GCC) analysis as a parameter for diagnosis of glaucoma. This case control study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology, Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM) General Hospital, Bangladesh over a period of one year from July 2017 to June 2018. Twenty five (25) Type-2 Diabetes control subjects and 50 subjects with Type-2 diabetes were divided into two groups, 25 diabetic with pre perimetric and 25 diabetic with perimetric glaucoma. In this study, there was no significant difference in age (50.92±5.53 years vs. 52.44±4.75 years vs. 52.64±7.80 years), gender. Regarding Optical coherence tomography (OCT) Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer (RNFL) of right eyes of the study subjects, superior and inferior RNFL were significantly thinner in both pre-perimetric right eye (109.18±8.95 and 111.21±10.53) and perimetric right eye (90.28±8.94 and 91.51±7.87) comparing normal eyes (129.12±2.68 and 132.17±3.22). Superior and inferior RNFL were significantly lower in both pre-perimetric (110.13±11.53 and 113.75±9.61) and perimetric (95.93±15.08 and 93.29±12.68) left eyes comparing normal left eyes (129.71±5.50 and 132.57±5.22). Regarding OCT GCC layer of right eyes of the study subjects, superior and inferior GCC layer were significantly lower in both pre-perimetric (87.66±3.81 and 89.70±4.98) and perimetric (77.48±6.97 and 79.21±6.06) right eyes comparing normal eyes (104.53±2.73 and 106.88±3.29). Regarding OCT GCC layer of left eyes of the study subjects, superior and inferior GCC layer were significantly lower in both pre-perimetric (84.88±3.82 and 87.21±3.77) and perimetric (81.08±9.51 and 80.01±10.02) left eyes comparing normal eyes (102.64±2.29 and 105.20±1.27). GCC parameter is useful tool for diagnosis of Glaucoma. It has same ability to discriminate eyes with glaucoma and non glaucomatous eyes compared to RNFL. In glaucoma, GCC layer is significantly thin which correlates strongly with glaucomatous damage. According to our result GCC layer analysis is important investigation to diagnosis of Glaucoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":94148,"journal":{"name":"Mymensingh medical journal : MMJ","volume":"34 4","pages":"1081-1088"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145194245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-directed Learning Sessions in Medical Students: Small yet Crucial Steps to a Long Journey of Lifelong Learner.","authors":"M Sinharay, A Karmakar, S Mukherjee","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The self-directed learning (SDL) ability of medical stu-dents is the crux of life-long learning for sounder patient care. The purpose of the study was to assess the readiness for SDL of phase I undergraduate medical students, evaluate the influence of sociodemographic factors on their readiness and appraise the perceptions of students and faculties about the structured SDL sessions. This study was a cross-sectional mixed method study. The self-directed learning readiness assessment of students was done with Abridged Fisher's SDL readiness scale. The influence of sociodemographic factors on self-directed learning readiness was analyzed with multiple linear regression taking p<0.05. Students' feedback evaluation by Satisfaction index of Likert scale question responses and thematic analysis of answers from open-ended questions were performed. The mean value of SDL readiness score of phase I MBBS students derived in this study was 111.56±17.44; 63.0% of students had self-directed learning readiness scores above average, 33.0% average and only 4.0% below average. Among the sociodemographic factors, only student's self-confidence was significantly related to the self-directed learning readiness score (Beta = 0.272, p=0.003). Students expressed their satisfaction with the SDL sessions promoting vital skills for life-long learning. The study revealed that the phase I MBBS students had optimum SDL readiness. Sociodemographic factors do contribute in influencing SDL readiness (SDLR). SDL sessions nurture vital skills for lifelong learning. Students willingly engage in SDL if facilitated by faculties in a structured fashion. SDLR assessments in postgraduate medical education can unveil how medical training metamorphoses health professionals into lifelong learners.</p>","PeriodicalId":94148,"journal":{"name":"Mymensingh medical journal : MMJ","volume":"34 4","pages":"1234-1244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145194248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pattern of Respiratory Tract Infections in Nephrotic Syndrome Presented with Relapse.","authors":"R Amin, S S Shova, A Sultana","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nephrotic syndrome is a common renal disorder in the pediatric age group and the incidence of relapse in nephrotic syndrome is about 60.0-90.0%. Infection is an important contributing factor for the relapse of nephrotic syndrome. It may result progressive CKD. The objective of this study was to find out the pattern of Respiratory tract infections in nephrotic syndrome children presented with relapse. Children of both sexes, age range 1-12 years with relapse cases of nephrotic syndrome was admitted into the Department of Pediatrics, Dr M R Khan Shishu Hospital & ICH, Bangladesh included in this study until the desired number of 35 children were fulfilled. This cross sectional observational study was conducted into the Department of Pediatrics, Dr M R Khan Shish Hospital & ICH, Dhaka, Bangladesh from February 2020 to August 2020. The patient was enrolled according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using computer-based programmed statistical package for social science (SPSS) for windows version 23.0. A total of 23 cases suffering from Nephrotic syndrome with relapse were studied. This study shows the mean age of children with infection was 5.91±3.17 years. Maximum (56.1%) were male children and 43.9% were female children. It was observed that (65.71%) of the subjects had one or more respiratory tract infections. The most common presentations of nephrotic syndrome patients during admission were swelling (100%), fever (82.60%) and cough (69.56%). Pneumonia was the commonest infection in this study (52.17%), then bronchiolitis (17.39%), tonsillitis (13.04%), pharyngitis (8.69%) and (4.34%) were otitis media and sinusitis. Streptococcus was isolated in 1(4.34%) patient and Covid-19 in 3(13.04%) patients. These results indicate major infections remain a crucial complication of nephrotic syndrome in children, especially during relapses. The relationship between infection and relapse showed a higher rate of relapse in pneumonia, bronchiolitis &tonsillitis. This study will give proper guidance to physicians to counsel and treat the patients accordingly.</p>","PeriodicalId":94148,"journal":{"name":"Mymensingh medical journal : MMJ","volume":"34 4","pages":"1144-1150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145194090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Vessel Disease among Patients with Chronic Coronary Syndrome and Myocardial Infarction at a Tertiary Care Center.","authors":"M A S Bhuiyan, S M S Pathan, U W K Chowdhury, A K Thakur, M Z Hasan, M M Rahaman, M M Rana, S M R Islam, A M Ziauddin, S M A Haque","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, with varying presentations including chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) and myocardial infarction (MI). The extent of vessel involvement plays a key role in prognosis and therapeutic decision-making. This retrospective observational study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of vessel disease (VD) patterns among patients with CCS and MI and to analyze associated risk factors at a tertiary care center. This study was conducted in Coronary Care Unit (CCU) and Department of Cardiology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH), Bangladesh, from November 2023 to December 2024. A total of 88 patients admitted with a diagnosis of chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) and myocardial infarction (MI) to the Department of Cardiology were included in the study. The mean age of patients was 51.91±11.27 years, with a male predominance (69.32%). Hypertension and Diabetes mellitus were the most common comorbid conditions. Overall, SVD was observed in 46.59% of patients, 3VD in 29.55% and DVD in 23.86%. Among CCS patients, 39.29% had SVD, 28.57% had DVD and 32.14% had 3VD. MI patients showed a higher prevalence of SVD (45%) and 3VD (35%). In Chronic Coronary Syndrome (CCS) hypertension is the most common risk factor (53.57%) affecting the Coronary artery Disease and also provoke Myocardial infarction (51.67%). Smoking was more frequent in CCS patients (57.14%), while DM was slightly more common in the MI group (46.67%). This study found that SVD was the most prevalent vessel disease pattern in both CCS and MI patients, while 3VD was more frequently observed among MI patients, highlighting the severity of coronary involvement. Risk factors such as HTN, DM and smoking were prominent across both groups, emphasizing the need for early risk factor modification in CAD management.</p>","PeriodicalId":94148,"journal":{"name":"Mymensingh medical journal : MMJ","volume":"34 4","pages":"1050-1056"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145194110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Study of Complications of Single-Tract versus Multi-Tract Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy Using the Modified Clavien System.","authors":"A F Muntahi-Reza, A K Hossain, U Karmaker, M M Chowdhury, H Al-Asad, K M Rahman, M A Islam, S S Shashi, M A Islam, A B Kamrul-Hasan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a minimally invasive and often safe and well-tolerated procedure. Studies with the standardized evaluation of complications of PCNL comparing single-tract and multi-tract PCNL are scarce. This study was conducted on this knowledge gap. An observational follow-up study among purposively selected 50 patients diagnosed with renal calculi undergoing PCNL was conducted in the Department of Urology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh from April 2021 to December 2021. All complications were documented and classified according to the modified Clavien system. Twenty eight (28) subjects underwent single-tract and 22 underwent multi-tract PCNL; all were male and the mean ages were similar in the two groups (44.35±11.4 vs. 44.1±16.2 years). Right-side stones were more frequent (71.4%) in the single-tract group and left-side stones were more frequent (59.1%) in the multi-tract group. Stone size was larger in the multi-tract group than in the single-tract group (5.0±0.5 vs. 3.3±0.4 cm, p=0.012). Although grade I complications (54.5% vs. 32.1%, p=0.111) and grade II complications (100.0% vs. 64.3%, p=0.007) were more frequent in the multi-tract group than in the single-tract group, the single-tract group had a higher frequency of grade III (53.6% vs. 45.5%, p=0.569) and grade IV (21.4% vs. 9.1%, p=0.238); there were no grade V complications in either group. As a whole, complications were more frequent in the multi-tract than in the single-tract group (100.0% vs. 71.4%, p=0.024) and most were of lower grades (grade I and grade II) which were possible to manage conservatively. Grade III and grade IV complications were most frequently observed in the single-tract PCNL that required further intervention or management in the intensive care unit. Multi-tract PCNL is associated with higher lower-grade complications that can be managed conservatively. In contrast, higher-grade complications that need intervention or intensive care unit management are more frequent in single-tract PCNL. So, multi-tract PCNL is effective with acceptable morbidity in selected cases of large renal stones.</p>","PeriodicalId":94148,"journal":{"name":"Mymensingh medical journal : MMJ","volume":"34 4","pages":"1207-1215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145194220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Osteometric Study of Maximum Length of the Dry Human Fibula in Bangladeshi Population.","authors":"T R Biswas, T Kar, S M A Haque, M S Latif, A A Jewel, N Akter","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The fibula also known as the calf bone is a slender long bone and located lateral to the tibia. The fibula can be recognized by its head placed proximally, twisted shaft and lateral malleolus placed distally. The aim of this study was to measure the maximum length of the fibula in Bangladeshi people. This study was taken from 300 (right 152 and left 148) samples were selected through the purposive sampling technique for this cross-sectional descriptive study which was carried out in the Department of Anatomy, Mymensingh Medical College, Bangladesh from January 2023 to December 2023. Any damaged, unossified, fractured fibula was excluded. Data were tabulated and statistically analyzed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS software. The mean ± SD of maximum length of fibula was 34.32±2.05 cm on right side and 34.40±2.26 cm on left side. The several osteometric parameters from the adult human fibula can be accurately determined a person's natural height, his nutritional condition, his individuality and gender and also helps in different ankle fracture management.</p>","PeriodicalId":94148,"journal":{"name":"Mymensingh medical journal : MMJ","volume":"34 4","pages":"987-990"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145194102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the Change of Blood pressure, Serum Total Cholesterol in Post Menopausal Women.","authors":"S Yesmin, A Nessa, N Khatun, S Sultana, A Begum, S Sadia, S T Tithi, U H Khanom, R Jahan, E A Ardi, M Paul","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Menopause is a natural process which is characterized by the permanent stoppage of menstrual period. It happens in women due to decrease of estrogen level at the ages of 45-55 years. The efficiency of life is disturbed because of imbalance of estrogen hormone such as irritability, night sweats, vaginal dryness, hot flushes, depression, sleep disturbance, headache etc. This cross-sectional analytical type study was done to evaluate the changes of blood pressure and serum total cholesterol levels in postmenopausal women in comparison to reproductive women and it was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from January 2023 to December 2023. Among 200 healthy women, one hundred (100) female subjects were taken as control group (Group I) age ranges from 25-45 years and one hundred (100) female subjects were taken as study group (Group II) age ranges from 45-65 years. By indirect auscultatory method with an aneroid sphygmomanometer blood pressure was calculated and by enzymatic colorimetric method the serum total cholesterol level of the individual was measured. Output were expressed as mean±SD and by using unpaired students' 't' test, statistical significance of difference among the group was calculated. The mean ±SD of systolic blood pressure of Group I and Group II were 117.30±7.26 mm of Hg and 130.95±10.89 mm of Hg respectively and diastolic blood pressure of Group I and Group II were 76.65±5.03 mm of Hg and 85.20±6.43 mm of Hg respectively. In the study group the mean±SD of Blood Pressure is notably increased in comparison with control group. The mean±SD of serum total cholesterol level of Group I and Group II were 182.30±38.25 mg/dl and 217.63±55.53 mg/dl respectively. In the study group the mean±SD of serum total cholesterol level was markedly increased in comparison with control group. Postmenopausal women with higher Blood Pressure and serum total cholesterol level caused by lower level of female sex hormone specially estrogen hormone increased the change of cardiovascular disease, stroke, chronic renal failure, type-2 diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. So assessment of this parameter is important for early detection and prevention of complication related to higher Blood Pressure and serum total cholesterol level for leading a healthy life.</p>","PeriodicalId":94148,"journal":{"name":"Mymensingh medical journal : MMJ","volume":"34 4","pages":"1045-1049"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145194179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Importance of Student Support Systems in Medical Colleges of Bangladesh.","authors":"M K Khan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>No Abstract.</p>","PeriodicalId":94148,"journal":{"name":"Mymensingh medical journal : MMJ","volume":"34 4","pages":"950-951"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145194351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Alanine Aminotransferase and Thyroid Hormone with Obese Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome.","authors":"B Ferdous, M M Rahman, M R Kuddus, M Amatullah, M M Rahman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial endocrine disorder often accompanied by metabolic and hepatic abnormalities, particularly in obese women. This study aimed to investigate the association between alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and thyroid hormone levels in obese women with PCOS in a Bangladeshi setting. This study was a cross-sectional study; conducted among 50 obese PCOS-diagnosed women, at the Outpatient Department of Obs and Gynae, Bangladesh Medical University, Bangladesh from July 2023 and June 2024 Clinical, biochemical and ultrasonographic evaluations were performed. Serum ALT, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (fT₄) levels were measured. Statistical analyses included correlation and logistic regression to identify predictors of elevated ALT (>40 U/L). Among the study population, subclinical hypothyroidism was observed in 38.0% and overt hypothyroidism in 14.0% of participants. Elevated ALT was present in 36.0% of cases. ALT levels were significantly higher in hypothyroid patients (p=0.01). Positive correlation was found between ALT and TSH (r?=?0.41, p<0.01), while ALT and fT₄ showed a negative correlation (r?=?-0.35, p<0.05). Logistic regression confirmed hypothyroidism (OR: 2.60, p=0.028), higher TSH (OR: 1.22, p=0.022) and lower fT₄ (OR: 1.29, p=0.041) as significant predictors of ALT elevation. Thyroid dysfunction, particularly hypothyroidism, is strongly associated with hepatic enzyme elevation in obese women with PCOS. Routine thyroid and liver function assessment should be considered in PCOS management to prevent progression to metabolic and hepatic complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":94148,"journal":{"name":"Mymensingh medical journal : MMJ","volume":"34 4","pages":"1278-1287"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145194157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}