Mymensingh medical journal : MMJ最新文献

{"title":"Asphyxial Death of Hanging.","authors":"I Monsoora, S Mahmmud, M Mollika","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper only for the intention of achieving the freight and measure the real story of suicidal behavior in rural area of Banglidsh. Hanging or self suspension is a form of ligature strangulation where the pressure is produced by the weight of the body. This study driven in the rural area but the risk factors might be very different in urban Bangladesh. The objective of this study was to find out socio-demographic characteristics of victim common age, sex, ligature materials used by victim and post mortem findings. This retrospective cross sectional study was done in Rajshahi Medical College mortuary during the period of January 2017 to January 2018. During this period data was collected from 2776 cases of medico-legal autopsies by purposive sampling. A total of 2776 medico-legal autopsies were analyzed of which 110(3.96%) were death due to hanging. Out of this cases maximum 43(39.09%) death due to hanging where the age group of was between 21-30 years. Majority of this cases 57(51.81%) were observed in females. Majority 38(34.54%) of victims had used Dopatta(orna) as a ligature material. Cyanosis in the fingertips of nail beds was the common 42(38.18%) findings in most cases of asphyxial death of hanging. Here typical hanging found more in 62(56.36%) cases, complete hanging in 71(64.54%) cases, death more in rural area 70(63.63%), death in SSC level 38(34.54%), 43(39.09%) death more in lower economic people and suicide more in the marital discord is 32(29.09%). Self suspension or suicidal hanging occurred in most cases within the young age group ranging from 21-30 years which was executed in this study. So awareness at the level of all family and community should be increased to cide should also be investigated for this stoppage.</p>","PeriodicalId":94148,"journal":{"name":"Mymensingh medical journal : MMJ","volume":"35 2","pages":"535-539"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147583270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Learning Preferences of Undergraduate Medical Students in Different Phases of MBBS Course: A Cross Sectional Study Using VARK Questionnaire.","authors":"A Karmakar, M Sinharay, D Karmakar","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>VARK questionnaire (Visual, Aural, Reading/ writing and Kinesthetic) is a simple tool to assess learning styles of individuals that may be a single modality or any combination of them. Knowing the learning preferences is important as it helps design useful teaching methods for changing mindset of students. The objectives of the study were to assess the learning preferences of MBBS students of all the four academic years i.e. Phase one to Phase three part 2 and to determine whether their preferences vary across genders, academic years, teaching medium or teaching board in their schools. In this cross-sectional study conducted at a Medical College in West Bengal, India, MBBS students were interviewed with a printed VARK questionnaire. Tabulated answers were sent to the VARK team (VARK-LEARN.COM) for analysis. On reception of the analyzed individual results, statistical analysis was done. Total 504 students from the four academic years comprising 307 boys (61%) and 197 girls (39%) were included in the study. VARK Type Two (28%) were most liked followed by K (17.5%), AK (14.3%), VAK (12.7%), A (9.5%), VARK transition (4.4%) etc. When grouped preference was assessed, students mostly liked Quadmodal style closely followed by Unimodal style. There was no significant difference of learning preferences across genders, academic years, teaching medium in school and board of education in school. The study reveals that most of the students use more than one modality for learning and a major share of them prefer to learn with hands on experience.</p>","PeriodicalId":94148,"journal":{"name":"Mymensingh medical journal : MMJ","volume":"35 2","pages":"649-654"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147583309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship of Anti-thyroid Peroxidase Antibody with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss in Euthyroid Women.","authors":"R Sultana, F Hossain, M Nahar, A Jamil, U Salma, B Malaker, N Nasrin, S S Islam, M Sultana, K Nigar, S Nahar, T T Mirza","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recurrent pregnancy loss is a common issue in Obstetrics&Gynaecology practice. Thyroid autoimmunity has been associated with pregnancy loss. Thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO-Ab) is the most common antithyroid autoantibodies observed in women with recurrent pregnancy loss history. Although the precise mechanisms of the TPO-Ab's role in recurrent pregnancy loss are not fully understood. The study was aimed to assess the relationship of Anti-TPO antibody with recurrent pregnancy loss. This cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh, during the period from March 2023 to August 2024. A total of 100 euthyroid women with or without history of recurrent pregnancy loss were included in the study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were divided into two groups, 50 patients with history of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) group and 50 patients without history of recurrent pregnancy loss group as (Non RPL). The serum Anti-TPO antibody level was compared between RPL group and non-RPL group. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) v.23.0 was used for statistical analysis. In this study, maximum patients belonged to age group 21-30 years in both groups, the mean age was found 28.9±5.8 years in RPL group and 27.5±4.9 years in non-RPL group. There were no significant differences regarding age, occupational status, educational status, monthly income and BMI between two groups. In RPL group, majority 41(82.0%) had no children and in non-RPL group all patients had one or more children, that was significant between two groups (p<0.05). Positive anti-TPO antibody (≥100 u/ml) was significantly higher in RPL group than non-RPL group (68.0% vs. 8.0%), odds ratio of 24.43 with 95% CI (7.49-79.68). Thus, it can be concluded that positive anti-TPO antibody was significantly higher in patients with recurrent pregnancy loss than without history of pregnancy loss. Screening of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody is may be considered in recurrent pregnancy loss cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":94148,"journal":{"name":"Mymensingh medical journal : MMJ","volume":"35 2","pages":"412-419"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147583428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profile of Respiratory Tract Aspergillus Infection among Clinically Suspected Pulmonary Tuberculosis Cases in a Tertiary Care Hospital.","authors":"T Rahat, S Afroz, C R Naheen, U I J Sani, S B Haider, A K Nazrul","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pulmonary aspergillosis has clinical characteristics which are very similar to tuberculosis and are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The objective of the study was to isolate and identify Aspergillus species from sputum samples from clinically suspected pulmonary tuberculosis cases. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2021 to December 2021 in the Department of Microbiology of Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total of 176 sputum samples were collected from clinically suspected pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was detected by Gene Xpert from the sputum sample. Aspergillus was identified by KOH mount microscopy and culture on Sabouraud's chloramphenicol agar media with Gentamicin. Species identification of Aspergillus was done by colony characteristics and lactophenol cotton blue staining using direct microscopy. In this study, out of 176 sputum samples, Mycobacterium tuberculosis was detected by Gene Xpert in 28(15.91%) sputum samples. Aspergillus fumigatus 12(50%) was the commonest isolated species, followed by Aspergillus niger 7(29.17%). The frequency of Mycobacterium tuberculosis co-infection with Aspergillus was 7(25.0%) while the frequency of Aspergillus infection among patients with suspected tuberculosis was 24(13.64%). Respiratory tract Aspergillus infection can coexist with pulmonary tuberculosis. Mycological investigation of all clinically suspected pulmonary tuberculosis patients should be advocated before starting treatment which ultimately helps the treatment and management of the patient.</p>","PeriodicalId":94148,"journal":{"name":"Mymensingh medical journal : MMJ","volume":"35 2","pages":"562-568"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147583429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triple Assessment in the Clinical Evaluation of Ductal Breast Disease.","authors":"F Sultana, S R Aziz, I Ara, M M Farruk, F Nusrat","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breast discharge represents the third most common reason women seek medical attention for breast-related concerns. A triple assessment is recommended for additional screening in cases of suspected ductal illness if there is nipple discharge. This study aimed to evaluate the different clinical characteristics of ductal breast disease in relation to Triple Assessment (Clinical examination, Imaging, Histopathology). This cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 purposively included female patients presented with nipple discharge (ND) selected from both Outdoor and Indoor Department of Surgery, Rajshahi Medical College Hospital (RMCH), Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Data regarding clinical, biochemical and surgical profiles were recorded. Informed written consent was taken from all the patients before data collection. Data was collected from May 2019 to October 2019. In descriptive statistics, the frequency distribution was done using STATA-18. The findings of the Triple assessment were categorized as malignant and non-malignant using the chi-squared test. All statistical tests were two-tailed. A p-value of 0.05 or less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Age 40 years or above (p<0.001), presence of a breast lump (p<0.001), micro-calcification found in mammography (p<0.001) and suspected malignancy in ultrasonography (p<0.001), bloody nipple discharge (p<0.001) were found statistically significant in association with malignancy compared to benign lesions. Triple assessment can help to assess high-risk patients, requiring careful treatment to rule out malignancy. Patients aged 40 years or more with the presence of breast lump and bloody discharge are at high risk of cancer. The risk of underlying cancer can be precisely established by applying the methodical, gold standard approach of Triple Assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":94148,"journal":{"name":"Mymensingh medical journal : MMJ","volume":"35 2","pages":"602-607"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147583227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Combined Iron and Methylphenidate Use in Iron Deficient Attention deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Children of Bangladesh.","authors":"D Saha, U K Sarkar, J Parvin, B Mistry, H A Khan, S A Begum, N C Saha, C K Saha","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Iron acts as a risk factor and psychostimulant modulator in treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with Iron deficiency anemia (IDA). So, the aim of the study to see the comparative efficacy of combined use of methylphenidate with iron and methylphenidate alone among severe ADHD children with IDA. This randomized controlled trial conducted in the OPD, Pediatric Neurology, National Installation of Neurosciences & Hospital (NINS), Dhaka, Bangladesh; 50 children of severe ADHD with iron deficiency were enrolled. Participants were randomized into Group A (25 cases) given a combination of Methylphenidate and iron and Group B (25 cases) given Methylphenidate alone for 3 months. Conner's rating scale, CBC and serum ferritin was evaluated after one and three months, severity was compared between treatment groups. All the hematological parameters including serum ferritin were improved from baseline. As ferritin concentration increased, the severity of T scores of ADHD index were decreased at 1 month (p=0.047) and 3 months (p=0.026) after intervention, Treatment response were found earlier in Group A (13.39±6.90 days) than in Group B (18.48±8.69). Combined therapy of methylphenidate and iron was more effective than methylphenidate alone for treating the iron deficient child with ADHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":94148,"journal":{"name":"Mymensingh medical journal : MMJ","volume":"35 2","pages":"569-577"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147583260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors Associated with Development of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) in Obstetrical Cases.","authors":"S Munira, S Hossain, H Siddiqui","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a fatal clinical syndrome which is caused by many medical, surgical, and obstetric issues. In pregnancy, DIC constitutes one of the leading causes for maternal mortality globally. It is triggered by enhanced activities of the coagulation cascade which consequently predisposes to widespread microvascular thrombosis, impairment of supply of blood to multiple organs systems. It is known as consumption coagulopathy thus manifested as bleeding disorders. Objective of the study was to evaluate the risk factors which are contributed with the genesis of DIC in different obstetrical cases. This descriptive type of cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh during January 2020 to December 2022. A total of 300 pregnant women with DIC and admitted for termination of pregnancy constituted the study population. Detail history and relevant clinical examination were performed. Obstetrical factors that cause DIC were determined from clinical examination along with relevant investigations. Statistical analysis of the results was obtained by using windows computer software with Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS-version 22.0). More than a half (58.0%) of the women never received proper antenatal checkup. Regarding the risk factors for development of DIC; abruptio placenta was associated with 102(34.0%) patients followed by 81(27.0%) Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) and 66(22.0%) preeclampsia and eclampsia. Among the risk factors of DIC, 216 (72.0%) showed hypertension, 136(45.3%) associated with antepartum heamorrhage and 116(38.7%) suffered PPH. More than two third (68.0%) of women had spontaneous vaginal delivery. Almost two third (63.7%) women's hospital stays were 8-14 days. Maternal and perinatal deaths were found in 36(12.0%) and in 73(24.3%) cases respectively. Maternal and perinatal mortality in women with DIC continues to be still high across the globe. Therefore attention should be focused in the rapid identification of the vulnerable cases along with proper management.</p>","PeriodicalId":94148,"journal":{"name":"Mymensingh medical journal : MMJ","volume":"35 2","pages":"501-509"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147581944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Vitamin D₃ Supplementation Improve Exercise Tolerance of D₃ Deficient Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease Patients? - A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"S Hassan, T Ali, K S Bennoor, A Hossain, M Rahman, M A S Khan, M B Mahmud","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Newer functional aspects of vitamin D₃ have been revealed in tissue and organs other than bones. In several studies, vitamin D₃ supplementation showed significant improvement in exercise tolerance in various co-morbid patients but precise connection is not clear, in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of vitamin D₃ supplementation on exercise tolerance in D₃ deficient patients with COPD. A double-blinded randomized controlled trial was carried out on 40 D₃ deficient [serum 25(OH)D <30 ng/ml], male, smoker (>4 pack years), stable COPD (post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC <0.70) patients (age 40 to 80 years) and randomly allocated as study (n=20) and control (n=20). Their baseline exercise tolerance [6 minute walk distance (6MWD), dyspneic score, fatigue score] variables were measured. Then oral capsules of D₃ [80,000IU/week for 13 weeks, followed by 40,000 IU per one to six weeks for further 13 weeks, according to serum 25(OH)D and calcium] and placebo were provided to 'Study' and 'Control' patients, respectively, for consecutive 26 weeks. Additionally, all patients of both groups were also advised to have sunlight exposure (within 11am to 4pm) at least for 5 to15 minutes daily. On 26th week of follow-up, all the exercise tolerance variables were again measured. Results were expressed as mean±SD and percentage. The data were statistically analyzed by SPSS (Version 16.0), using independent sample 't'-test and paired Student's 't-test, where p≤0.05 level was accepted as significant. Statistically significant improvement was observed in 6MWD (p<0.05), dyspneic score (p<0.001) and fatigue score (p<0.001) in our D₃ supplemented patients than those with a placebo after 26 weeks of follow-up. This study reveals that Vitamin D₃ supplementation can improve exercise tolerance but not ventilatory variables in D₃ deficient stable patients of COPD.</p>","PeriodicalId":94148,"journal":{"name":"Mymensingh medical journal : MMJ","volume":"35 2","pages":"472-479"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147583341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microcytic Anaemia Among Patients with Cleft Lip with or without Palate: A Single Center Five-Year Experience in Bangladesh.","authors":"T P Ghosh, S M A Hossain, T T Ahmed, I Jahan, S Razia, D D Bithi, A Kaiser, L K Dhar, M R K Khan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cleft lip with or without palate (CL/P) is the commonest craniofacial anomaly found across the world. Prevalence of anaemia among cleft patients varies from as high as 83.1% to 39.4% among various studies, but there is a ubiquitous predominance of microcytic anaemia among them. Objective of the study was to know the prevalence of microcytic anaemia among CL/P patients, evaluate the association of microcytic anaemia with gender, urbanization, consanguinity of marriage, type of cleft and association with other anomalies, as well as its impact on perioperative cleft care. This was a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of data collected from the Comprehensive Cleft Care Centre, Bangladesh (2016-2020). Data of patients with non-syndromic CL/P aged up to 5 years were included, excluding craniofacial and syndromic clefts. After determining the prevalance of microcytic anaemia among population, demographic and available clinical findings were compared between microcytic anaemia and non-microcytic anaemia group. Among 387 cases, 111 cases (28.7%) had microcytic anaemia. Microcytic anaemia was found to be more prevalent among males (64.0%) than females (36.0%). Both urban (27.0%) and rural (30.0%) babies with CL/P had similar prevalances of microcytic anaemia. Only 18.2% cleft babies of consanguineous parents had microcytic anaemia. Microcytic anaemia was found to be most prevalent among babies with cleft lip only (46.8%). Microcytic anaemia in CL/P babies was not found to be significantly associated with other congenital anomalies, but it had an odds ratio of 1.6. Sixteen (16) cases had to be delayed in surgery due to anaemia, among which 87.4% had microcytic anaemia. Microcytic anaemia was found to be significantly associated with perioperative blood transfusion. Few babies with microcytic anaemia (6.3%) had post-operative wound dehiscence. Timely blood film analysis, early iron supplementation and perioperative anaemia optimization can make comprehensive cleft care more successful.</p>","PeriodicalId":94148,"journal":{"name":"Mymensingh medical journal : MMJ","volume":"35 2","pages":"401-407"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147583370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perioperative and Postoperative Complications Associated with Stapled Hemorrhoidopexy.","authors":"M M Alam, M S Rahman, M A M Ferdaus, F Y Antara, M M Hossain, M M H Rahman, A Akter","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stapled hemorrhoidopexy (SH) has been proposed as a less invasive alternative to open hemorrhoidectomy (OH) for advanced hemorrhoidal disease. This study compared perioperative and short-term postoperative outcomes between SH and OH in a Bangladeshi population. A prospective comparative study was conducted among 130 patients (65 per group) with Grade III and IV hemorrhoids. Baseline characteristics, perioperative blood loss, postoperative pain (VAS), complications, hospital stay, return to work and treatment cost were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests. Baseline age, gender and hemorrhoid grade distributions were comparable between groups (p>0.05). SH was associated with lower postoperative pain (80.0% mild; no severe cases), reduced urinary retention (13.8% vs. 40.0%, p=0.001) and shorter hospital stays (mean 2.89 vs. 7.12 days, p<0.001). Return to work was faster in SH (mean 7.72 vs. 14.29 days, p<0.001). Reactionary hemorrhage occurred only in OH (6.2%, p=0.042). Perioperative blood loss differences were not statistically significant (p=0.149). SH incurred significantly higher costs (mean Tk. 18,876.92 vs. Tk. 6,690.77, p<0.001). SH offers significant short-term clinical benefits over OH, including reduced pain, faster recovery and fewer complications. However, higher costs may limit its feasibility in resource-constrained healthcare systems. Cost-effectiveness evaluation is essential before widespread adoption.</p>","PeriodicalId":94148,"journal":{"name":"Mymensingh medical journal : MMJ","volume":"35 2","pages":"370-376"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147583399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}