{"title":"Proportion of Dry Eye among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Diabetic Retinopathy.","authors":"S M Haque, M A H Akhanda","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic retinopathy and dryness of the eye are the most common complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. With the progression of diabetes mellitus, patients seldom report symptoms of ocular surface problems due to lack of correlation between symptoms and signs of dry eye. This study was designed to find out the proportion of dry eye among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with diabetic retinopathy. This cross sectional descriptive type of observational study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology, Mymensingh Medical College, Bangladesh, from February 2021 to September 2022. Total 224 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with diabetic retinopathy were selected considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. All the patients underwent routine ophthalmic examinations like visual acuity, slit lamp examination and fundus examination by 90D volk lens (Condensing lens) and indirect ophthalmoscopy. Dry eye status was assessed by performing Tear film break up time test, Schirmer I and II tests. Color fundus photograph and HbA1c was performed in all the patients. This study examined 224 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who also had diabetic retinopathy. Out of these, 100 patients were diagnosed with dry eye. Of these patients, 2.0% had mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, 39.0% had moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, 23.0% had severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and 36.0% had proliferative diabetic retinopathy. In this study 44.6% of the patients had dry eyes among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with diabetic retinopathy. Significant association was found between dry eye status and grading of diabetic retinopathy (p=0.001), gender of the patients (p=0.036), duration of diabetes mellitus (p=0.002) and HbA1c (p=0.001). No correlation was found between ages of the patients with dryness status.</p>","PeriodicalId":94148,"journal":{"name":"Mymensingh medical journal : MMJ","volume":"34 2","pages":"343-350"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143756858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F Farhana, S K Saha, S K Paul, A S M Mosaddek, S Nasrin
{"title":"Antibacterial Effect of Amlaki (Phyllanthus emblica) Extract Against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.","authors":"F Farhana, S K Saha, S K Paul, A S M Mosaddek, S Nasrin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An exploratory study based on laboratory experiment was carried out to determine the antibacterial effect of Aqueous and Ethanolic extract of Phyllanthus emblica (Amlaki) and standard antibiotic ciprofloxacin against standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in the Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics in collaboration with the Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from July 2018 to June 2019. Six separate experiments (Expt) were done e.g. (Expt I) Determination of the antibacterial activity of Aqueous extract of Phyllanthus emblica (Amlaki), (Expt II) Ethanolic extract against S. aureus andE. coli by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method, (Expt III) Determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Aqueous extract, (Expt IV) Ethanolic extract, (Expt V) a standard antibiotic Ciprofloxacin against test organisms by broth dilution technique as well as making a comparison with MIC of AAE and EAE and (Expt VI) Subculture studies of materials from effective AAE, EAE and Ciprofloxacin preparations for confirmation of respective results of experiments III, IV and V. Both aqueous and ethanolic extract of amlaki was found active against S. aureus and E. coli in disc diffusion method. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts were used in six different concentrations 100μg/ml, 200μg/ml, 400μg/ml, 600μg/ml, 800μg/ml and 1000μg/ml. For aqueous and ethanolic extracts dose dependent inhibitory effect was observed against the test organisms. By broth dilution technique, the MICs (Minimum Inhibitory concentration) of AAE for both S. aureus and E. coli were 700μg/ml. In case of EAE, respective MICs for S. aureus and E. coli were 500 and 600μg/ml. Besides, MIC of Ciprofloxacin was also determined for S. aureus and E. coli were 1.0 and 1.5μg/ml respectively. The MIC of Ciprofloxacin was lowest in comparison to MICs of AAE and EAE for the test organisms. The subculture studies also confirmed the results of the previous experiments. The result indicates the necessity for further research to isolate and detect the biologically active ingredients which are responsible for antibacterial effect, present in the Amlaki.</p>","PeriodicalId":94148,"journal":{"name":"Mymensingh medical journal : MMJ","volume":"34 2","pages":"513-518"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143756901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S Akter, T Tabassum, M Khaleque, M F Islam, H Akhter, A Begum
{"title":"The Pool of Beta-lactamase Present in Extended Drug Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Clinical Settings in Dhaka, Bangladesh.","authors":"S Akter, T Tabassum, M Khaleque, M F Islam, H Akhter, A Begum","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recently bacterial infections caused by antibiotic resistant bacteria are becoming a threat to the health care system of many countries. Extensively-drug-resistant (XDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae are resistant to almost all classes of antibiotics and only a few are for clinical use. Recent emergence, worldwide dissemination and clinical impact of carbapenemase positive isolates persuade us to characterize the clinical K. pneumoniae isolates. We tested 647 K. pneumoniae that was isolated from different specimens of hospitalized patients in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Various phenotypic characterization, plasmid profiling and PCR assays followed by sequencing were performed. Round the year, 4.33% (n=28) K. pneumoniae isolates were found as XDR in addition to carbapenem resistant. Among the XDR isolates, 82.0% (n=23) showed Metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) phenotype. Only two isolates showed MBL with KPC (K. pneumoniae carbapenemase) phenotype. By double disc synergy test, 12 isolates (43.0%) showed extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) phenotype in addition. Among the isolates, 60.0% (n=17) were blaTEM positive, 82.0% (n=23) were blaSHV positive and 46.0% (n=13) were blaOXA positive determined by multiplex PCR. BlaCTX-M were present in 43.0% (n=12) isolates, which were of type-15 as revealed by sequencing. More than 60.0% (n=17) isolates were positive for blaNDM-1. Multiple genes coexisted in nearly all isolates. None of those were found to carry blaVIM or blaKPC. Twenty-six isolates were found to be strong biofilm former. Among the isolates, 16 harbored multiple plasmids ranging from 19 to 91 KDa; however, correlation between plasmid profile and antibiotic resistance pattern was not evident. Prevalence of carbapenem resistant and ESBL isolates have been previously reported in Bangladesh. Therefore, this study will expand our knowledge about XDR disseminated in Bangladesh and could assist in future therapeutic management.</p>","PeriodicalId":94148,"journal":{"name":"Mymensingh medical journal : MMJ","volume":"34 2","pages":"428-437"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143756912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adult Onset Retinoblastoma: Two Rare Case Reports.","authors":"S R Roy, F Huque, M Nuruddin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Retinoblastoma in adult is one of rarer findings and always causing a diagnostic dilemma. Our two reported cases were 20 and 40 years old and both were male. Both cases presented with unilateral vision loss and without any positive family history. Clinical examination of the first case revealed whitish mass in hazy vitreous along with neovascularization of iris and raised intraocular pressure. In second case, dilated fundus examination showed elevated whitish retinal mass with feeder vessel. Both cases were diagnosed mostly clinically and surgically managed by enucleation with long optic nerve. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of retinoblastoma of adult onset and was not associated with histopathological high risk factors. Physician's high suspicion is needed to rule out retinoblastoma in any amelanotic retinal lesions in adult to save life as retinoblastoma is a devastating disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":94148,"journal":{"name":"Mymensingh medical journal : MMJ","volume":"34 2","pages":"576-579"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143756898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M S Rahaman, M M R Rony, M S Hossain, M M Hoque, M M Hossain, I Shahazadi, S K Raha, M K Hasan, A B M Jahan
{"title":"Effectiveness of Serum Cystatin C Level for Predicting Acute Kidney Injury Following Adult On-pump Cardiac Surgery.","authors":"M S Rahaman, M M R Rony, M S Hossain, M M Hoque, M M Hossain, I Shahazadi, S K Raha, M K Hasan, A B M Jahan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute kidney injury (AKI) following adult cardiac surgery procedures under Cardio-pulmonary bypass (CPB) is linked to a higher risk of morbidity and death. As a novel biomarker for renal failure, serum Cystatin C (CysC) is of prognostic value; however, a wide range of its predictive accuracy has been reported. The study aimed to evaluate whether early postoperative serum CysC measurement improves the prediction of AKI following adult cardiac surgery and determine the relationship between the measurement of early postoperative serum CysC level and post-operative early outcomes. In a single-center, prospective study of 70 patients was conducted at the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Dhaka, Bangladesh from July 2018 to December 2019 who underwent on-pump cardiac surgery. The study participants were chosen specifically because they had normal renal function and had had elective scheduled heart surgery under CPB. The blood samples were tested at six measurements time points (T1 preoperative, T2 at 6 hours after commencement of CPB, T3 at 12 hours after commencement of CPB, T4 at 24 hours after commencement of CPB, T5 at 36 hours after commencement of CPB and T6 at 48 hours after commencement of CPB). Serum cystatin C was significantly higher 12 hours after the commencement of CPB during operation (T3) and onwards when the earliest significant predictive AUCs were found (T3: AUC 0.983; p<0.0001; 95% CI, 0.960 to 1.000; T4-6: AUC 1.000; p<0.0001; 95% CI, 1.000). In summary, this study found that serum CysC is a useful early biomarker of AKI in adults following cardiac surgery, and the extent of this marker correlates with the severity of AKI.</p>","PeriodicalId":94148,"journal":{"name":"Mymensingh medical journal : MMJ","volume":"34 2","pages":"482-490"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143756942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prevalence of Inducible Myocardial Ischemia in Patients with Cervical Spondylosis having Typical Chest Pain.","authors":"E Ashab, M A R Bhuyan, T Parvin, C M Ahmed","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Globally the most prevalent non-communicable disease is the ischemic heart disease. Cervical spondylosis (CS) patients presenting with typical chest pain may have underlying myocardial ischemia (MI) which often remain unexplored. This cross-sectional analytical study was carried out in the University Cardiac Centre (UCC), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh from September 2017 to March 2018. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of inducible myocardial ischemia among the patients with cervical spondylosis and typical chest pain. A total of 54 adult CS patients presenting with typical chest pain was included. All of them underwent dobutamine stress echocardiography using standard protocol. Informed written consent was taken before inclusion. Ethical measures were taken in compliance with the declaration of Helsinki. The participants had a mean age ±SD of 44.87.6 years and a higher proportion of female (64.8%). Of all, 13(24.1%) patients had inducible myocardial ischemia on dobutamine stress echocardiography. ECG findings suggestive of MI were noted in 7 out of 13 patients (53.8%) with inducible myocardial ischemia and in 1 out of 41 patients (2.4%) without inducible myocardial ischemia. Out of 13 patients with myocardial ischemia 7(53.8%) had an abnormal ECG and out of 41 patients without inducible ischemia 1(2.4%) had abnormal ECG. Single vessel involvement was the predominant finding (92.3%) and respectively, 53.8% and 38.5% had involvement of left anterior descending and right coronary artery territory. The independent predictors of myocardial ischemia were age (Adjusted OR [AOR] 1.17, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.01 - 1.35), male sex (AOR 20.75, 95% CI 1.11 - 353.19) and diabetes mellitus (AOR 83.73, 95% 1.72 - 4067.56). Nearly one-quarter cervical spondylosis patients presenting with typical chest pain had underlying inducible myocardial ischemia. Further large case-control studies are recommended to determine the extent of the disease and predictors.</p>","PeriodicalId":94148,"journal":{"name":"Mymensingh medical journal : MMJ","volume":"34 2","pages":"420-427"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143756707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Role of Glycoprotein 2B/3A Inhibitors in STEMI with Large Clot Burden and Deferred Stenting.","authors":"M A H Khandaker, P Panduranga","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 62 years old male presented with acute inferior wall ST-elevation myocardial infarction. His coronary angiogram showed totally occluded right coronary artery with large thrombus burden with TIMI-0 flow. Multiple attempts were made to aspirate the clot using mechanical thrombus aspiration catheter, but no thrombus could be aspirated. Guideliner catheter was used to aspirate some thrombus, resulting in final TIMI-I flow. He was treated with 48 hours of Tirofiban Glycoprotein 2b3a inhibitor infusion along with low molecular weight heparin. Re-look coronary angiogram showed TIMI-II flow with less thrombus burden. Eventually, stent was deployed and good flow was achieved without any no flow/ slow flow. As per revascularization guidelines, routine thrombus aspiration and deferral of stenting in patients with STEMI is not recommended. However, this case indicates that if thrombus burden is heavy, aspiration is unsuccessful; it is advised to defer stenting and treat with Glycoprotein 2b3a inhibitors and low molecular weight heparins to prevent complications of no flow or slow flow phenomena. If patient is properly selected, deferred stenting can reduce final infarct size and potential cardiac events.</p>","PeriodicalId":94148,"journal":{"name":"Mymensingh medical journal : MMJ","volume":"34 2","pages":"588-591"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143756868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Serum and Urine Biomarkers for Prostate Cancer: A Mini Review.","authors":"N Ravi, N A John, M Taranikanti","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most common cancer in men worldwide and is a leading cause of death. In India, following lung and oral cavity, prostate is the third most common site for cancer. Rapid urbanization, changing lifestyles, increasing longevity and improved access to healthcare facilities are rapidly changing the traditional notion that India has a low disease burden when it comes to PC. It is believed that India may not be much far behind western countries in PC epidemiology. For more than a couple of decades, Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) was the only United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) PC biomarker that was available. The advent of PSA completely revolutionized management of PC by facilitating early detection and reducing mortality rates. However, owing to its limitations of not being cancer specific, there was a need for developing newer biomarkers for PC. About a decade ago the FDA approved a serum based PC biomarker, Prostate Health Index (PHI) and a urinary biomarker Prostate Cancer Antigen (PCA3). Initially, FDA approved PC biomarkers were mostly based on biochemical parameters, however this changed a few years ago when they approved the 4-kallikrein Score (4k-score), which also makes use of clinical variables. This review focuses on these biomarkers.</p>","PeriodicalId":94148,"journal":{"name":"Mymensingh medical journal : MMJ","volume":"34 2","pages":"598-603"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143756888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S F Sobhan, M Shafiquzzaman, M R Islam, S Fardous, M O Farook
{"title":"Solitary Morphea Profunda: A Case Report.","authors":"S F Sobhan, M Shafiquzzaman, M R Islam, S Fardous, M O Farook","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Morphea is an autoimmune connective tissue disease that leads to sclerosis of skin and underlying subcutaneous tissue due to excessive collagen deposition. It is also called localized scleroderma. Morphea profunda is one of the morphological variants of morphea. It involves the deep dermis, subcutaneous tissue, fascia and muscle. Morphea profunda is characterized by one or more deep sclerotic plaque, thickened skin with hypo or hyper-pigmentation occurring mostly in abdomen and extremities. Lesions usually progress slowly and remain stable for years. Diagnosis of morphea is made by characteristic clinical appearance but for determination of depth and degree of involvement, histopathology is required in most cases. There is a morphea specific skin scoring system LoSCAT by which grading of the disease is done clinically. Treatment of morphea includes topical and systemic medication like Tacrolimus (0.1%), Imiquimod, Calcipotriol, methotrexate and PUVA. Our patient a 12 year old girl presented with a depressed hypopigmented lesion on left arm which she noticed incidentally. The lesion appeared on the lateral aspect of left upper arm and gradually extending deep and also increasing in size for last few months with sparse hair and loss of sensation over the lesion. Disease activity and severity was assessed by LoSCAT, a morphea scoring system. By LoSCAT it was found that the disease was moderately active but there is greater damage caused by the disease. On routine investigation all parameters are normal and was ANA was (-ve). The diagnosis was confirmed by skin biopsy for histopathology. The patient was treated with methotrexate.</p>","PeriodicalId":94148,"journal":{"name":"Mymensingh medical journal : MMJ","volume":"34 2","pages":"571-575"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143756897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M S Uddin, N R S Banu, M Z Kamal, M M Hossain, A K Debnath, A K M Islam, B K Sreya, M A Islam, S M A Islam, A K Das
{"title":"Outcome of Intra-Abdominal Drainage after Open Appendectomy for Complicated Appendicitis: A Randomized Controlled Study.","authors":"M S Uddin, N R S Banu, M Z Kamal, M M Hossain, A K Debnath, A K M Islam, B K Sreya, M A Islam, S M A Islam, A K Das","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute appendicitis is the most common cause of acute abdomen necessitating surgical intervention. Prophylactic drainage is commonly used in surgical practice, as in gangrenous or perforated appendicitis. Aim of the study was to discriminate the safety and efficacy of intra-abdominal drainage versus no drainage after open appendectomy for complicated appendicitis. This randomized controlled study was done among 200 cases from the period of October 2016 to September 2017 in the Department of Surgery, Mymensingh Medical College and Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Two hundred (200) patients with complicated appendicitis were enrolled in this randomized controlled study. They were divided into two groups- the drainage and non-drainage group. Detailed information was obtained in each case according to protocol. Data was collected from the patients admitted to the surgery department in MMCH undergone appendectomy for complicated appendicitis which was classified, edited, coded and entered into the computer for statistical analysis by using SPSS. In this study 200 patients were enrolled where their age range was 11-75 years with a mean age was 31.61±15.66 years, the highest incidence was in the age group 11-20 years, 122 were males and 78 were females with male to female ratio 1.56:1. One hundred (100) patients out of the 200 patients had been drained at the operation while in 100 patients the wound was closed without drainage. In this study patients' return to their normal activities was 10.46±2.87 days in the drainage group compared to 8.70±2.07 days in the non-drainage group. Intra-abdominal drains were placed in 100 cases and were removed an average of 2.36±2.88 days after surgery. The drained group showed postoperative wound infection in 21.0% of patients while the non-drained group showed wound infection in 9.0% of patients with a p value <0.05. Twenty three percent (23.0%) of patients with drainage group and 10.0% of patients were done ultrasonographic examination and a p-value <0.05. Postoperative complications were less in the non-drainage group than in the drainage group, for this prophylactic drainage should be reconsidered.</p>","PeriodicalId":94148,"journal":{"name":"Mymensingh medical journal : MMJ","volume":"34 2","pages":"331-337"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143757080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}