Prevalence of Vessel Disease among Patients with Chronic Coronary Syndrome and Myocardial Infarction at a Tertiary Care Center.

Abstract

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, with varying presentations including chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) and myocardial infarction (MI). The extent of vessel involvement plays a key role in prognosis and therapeutic decision-making. This retrospective observational study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of vessel disease (VD) patterns among patients with CCS and MI and to analyze associated risk factors at a tertiary care center. This study was conducted in Coronary Care Unit (CCU) and Department of Cardiology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH), Bangladesh, from November 2023 to December 2024. A total of 88 patients admitted with a diagnosis of chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) and myocardial infarction (MI) to the Department of Cardiology were included in the study. The mean age of patients was 51.91±11.27 years, with a male predominance (69.32%). Hypertension and Diabetes mellitus were the most common comorbid conditions. Overall, SVD was observed in 46.59% of patients, 3VD in 29.55% and DVD in 23.86%. Among CCS patients, 39.29% had SVD, 28.57% had DVD and 32.14% had 3VD. MI patients showed a higher prevalence of SVD (45%) and 3VD (35%). In Chronic Coronary Syndrome (CCS) hypertension is the most common risk factor (53.57%) affecting the Coronary artery Disease and also provoke Myocardial infarction (51.67%). Smoking was more frequent in CCS patients (57.14%), while DM was slightly more common in the MI group (46.67%). This study found that SVD was the most prevalent vessel disease pattern in both CCS and MI patients, while 3VD was more frequently observed among MI patients, highlighting the severity of coronary involvement. Risk factors such as HTN, DM and smoking were prominent across both groups, emphasizing the need for early risk factor modification in CAD management.