Metabolism open最新文献

{"title":"Gender based difference in glycemic control and diabetes related chronic complications among type 2 diabetic patients in Debre Berhan city public hospitals","authors":"Enguday Demeke Gebeyaw ,&nbsp;Girma Deshimo Lema","doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2025.100349","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.metop.2025.100349","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a growing public health concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like Ethiopia. There is limited data on gender differences in glycemic control and diabetes related chronic complications in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess gender-based difference in glycemic control and diabetes related chronic complications among T2DM patients in Debre Berhan public hospitals, Ethiopia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A comparative cross-sectional study was carried out at public hospitals in Debre Berhan. Data were gathered from 258 T2DM patients (129 men and 129 women). Using Hemoglobin A1c (HgA1c), level of glycemic control was assessed. To compare gender differences in diabetes related chronic complications and glycemic control, the chi-square test and Independent sample <em>t</em>-test were employed. However logistic regression was employed to identify gender-specific factors of poor glycemic control.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Women had poorer glycemic control, with a mean difference of 0.51 (95 % CI: 0.04–0.97) as compared with men. Alcohol consumption <em>(</em>AOR = 3.2; 95 % CI: 1.25–7.98), drug non-adherence <em>(</em>AOR = 4.1; 95 % CI: 1.01–17.54) and diabetic complications <em>(</em>AOR = 0.3; 95 % CI: 0.10–0.88) were significant factors for poor glycemic control in men. For women, rural residence <em>(</em>AOR = 0.2; 95 % CI: 0.03–0.58), duration of diabetes &gt;5 years <em>(</em>AOR = 4.3; 95 % CI: 1.15–16.17)<em>,</em> and drug non-adherence <em>(</em>AOR = 4.7; 95 % CI: 1.14–19.42) were significant factors for poor glycemic control. There were no significant gender differences in diabetes related chronic complications.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study revealed significant gender differences in glycemic control among T2DM patients. Female patients experienced worse glycemic control. There were no gender differences in the prevalence of diabetes related chronic complications. This study highlights the importance of considering both general and specific factors when assessing and improving glycemic control in T2DM. Future studies should involve large sample sizes and gender focused studies to gain a deeper understanding of the relevant factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94141,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100349"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the anti-inflammatory potential of vitamin D in cardiometabolic diseases","authors":"Kabelo Mokgalaboni","doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2025.100348","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.metop.2025.100348","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases is rising, and this is fuelled by inflammation, which tends to be worse in individuals with vitamin D (VD) deficiency. While non-steroidal anti-inflammatory interventions are available, they present with coagulation events. Hence, alternative therapy in the form of VD supplements is gaining research interest. This study reviewed the effect of VD supplementation on inflammation, focusing on nuclear factor kappa-beta (NF-κβ), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) across different cardiometabolic disease. Thirty-seven studies, 16 rodent models and 21 clinical studies were evaluated. The study considered evidence from rodent models to understand the effect of VD on these markers of inflammation and its translatability to clinical studies. While the potential benefits of VD were notable in rodents, these effects were less consistent in clinical studies. Notably, rodent models showed a more pronounced impact of VD in reducing NF-κβ and TNF-α; however, clinical trials reported conflicting findings. Furthermore, the VD was important in reducing MCP-1 across different rodent models; this was partially demonstrated in clinical trials. Based on these findings, VD modulates inflammation in cardiometabolic disease by inhibiting the activation of NF-κβ and suppressing the production of TNF-α and MCP-1. Although VD has some possible benefits in rodent models, the translatability of these findings in clinical trials is limited. Hence, the presented evidence in this study calls for further randomised controlled trials to assess the effect of VD on inflammation in patients living with different conditions as a therapy to curb the inflammation and the risk thereof. Future trials should also focus on exploring the VD dose-response, optimal dose, and duration of VD intervention among these patients that may offer optimal benefits on inflammation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94141,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100348"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11773081/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the link between chronic inflammation and cancer","authors":"Siddhant Tripathi ,&nbsp;Yashika Sharma ,&nbsp;Dileep Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2025.100347","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.metop.2025.100347","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The highly nuanced transition from an inflammatory process to tumorigenesis is of great scientific interest. While it is well known that environmental stimuli can cause inflammation, less is known about the oncogenic modifications that chronic inflammation in the tissue microenvironment can bring about, as well as how these modifications can set off pro-tumorigenic processes. It is clear that no matter where the environmental factors come from, maintaining an inflammatory microenvironment encourages carcinogenesis. In addition to encouraging angiogenesis and metastatic processes, sustaining the survival and proliferation of malignant transformed cells, and possibly altering the efficacy of therapeutic agents, inflammation can negatively regulate the antitumoral adaptive and innate immune responses. Because chronic inflammation has multiple pathways involved in tumorigenesis and metastasis, it has gained recognition as a marker of cancer and a desirable target for cancer therapy. Recent advances in our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that drive cancer's progression demonstrate that inflammation promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis while suppressing anti-tumor immunity. In many solid tumor types, including breast, lung, and liver cancer, inflammation stimulates the activation of oncogenes and impairs the body's defenses against the tumor. Additionally, it alters the microenvironment of the tumor. As a tactical approach to cancer treatment, these findings have underscored the importance of targeting inflammatory pathways. This review highlights the role of inflammation in cancer development and metastasis, focusing on its impact on tumor progression, immune suppression, and therapy resistance. It examines current anti-inflammatory strategies, including NSAIDs, cytokine modulators, and STAT3 inhibitors, while addressing their potential and limitations. The review emphasizes the need for further research to unravel the complex mechanisms linking inflammation to cancer progression and identify molecular targets for specific cancer subtypes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94141,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100347"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11772974/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of intermittent fasting on fertility: A focus on polycystic ovary syndrome and reproductive outcomes in Women-A systematic review","authors":"Maria Velissariou ,&nbsp;Chrysoula Rozalia Athanasiadou ,&nbsp;Athina Diamanti ,&nbsp;Aikaterini Lykeridou ,&nbsp;Antigoni Sarantaki","doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2024.100341","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.metop.2024.100341","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder characterized by hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and menstrual irregularities, leading to infertility in many women. Emerging evidence suggests intermittent fasting (IF), particularly time-restricted feeding (TRF), may improve reproductive and metabolic outcomes in women with PCOS by addressing core pathophysiological mechanisms. This systematic review examines the impact of IF on fertility and reproductive hormones in women with PCOS.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library using predefined search terms related to intermittent fasting, fertility, and PCOS. Eligible studies published between 2014 and 2024 were identified following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Inclusion criteria targeted primary research evaluating the effects of IF on reproductive outcomes, menstrual irregularities, and metabolic parameters in women with PCOS. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed using the Caldwell framework.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Three studies were included in the review. TRF interventions led to significant improvements in menstrual regularity, with 33–40 % of participants reporting normalized cycles. Reductions in total testosterone, free androgen index, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were observed, alongside increased sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). TRF also improved insulin sensitivity, reduced body weight, and decreased inflammatory markers, all of which contribute to enhanced reproductive outcomes. Key outcomes included a 9 % reduction in testosterone levels, 26 % reduction in the free androgen index (FAI), and significant improvements in menstrual regularity (33–40 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Intermittent fasting, particularly TRF, shows potential as a non-pharmacological intervention to improve reproductive health and fertility in women with PCOS. By targeting hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and menstrual irregularities, TRF offers a promising lifestyle approach. However, larger randomized controlled trials with long-term follow-up are needed to confirm these findings and establish IF as a standard therapeutic option for PCOS management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94141,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100341"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11772979/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anemia in diabetes mellitus: Pathogenetic aspects and the value of early erythropoietin therapy","authors":"Christina Antoniadou ,&nbsp;Efstratios Gavriilidis ,&nbsp;Konstantinos Ritis ,&nbsp;Dimitrios Tsilingiris","doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2024.100344","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.metop.2024.100344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anemia is a frequent, yet increasingly recognized, comorbidity in diabetes mellitus (DM), with prevalence often driven by multifactorial mechanisms. Hematinic deficiencies, common in this population, may arise from associated comorbidities or medications, such as metformin, as well as other drugs commonly employed for DM-related conditions. Among contributing factors, diabetic kidney disease (DKD) plays a pivotal role, with anemia developing more frequently and being more pronounced in earlier stages, than in CKD of other causes. This enhanced susceptibility stems primarily from the combined impact of impaired renal oxygen sensing and deficient erythropoietin (EPO) production linked to tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Additional mechanisms comprise glomerular dysfunction, shortened erythrocyte lifespan, uremia-induced bone marrow suppression, and increased bleeding risk. DM is also recognized as a chronic low-grade inflammatory condition, with its inflammatory burden driving iron maldistribution, suppression of erythropoiesis, and resistance to EPO. The diagnostic approach of anemia in DM mirrors that in the general population. Addressing modifiable causes such as hematinic deficiencies, and other chronic conditions, such as DKD and bone marrow disorders, is paramount. In total, the underlying pathophysiology of anemia in DM primarily reflects a state of absolute or relative EPO deficiency and/or diminished bone marrow responsiveness, effectively corresponding to 'anemia of chronic disease. Early initiation of EPO therapy, even in DM patients without overt DKD, may mitigate disease progression and improve outcomes. Future research should focus on diabetes-specific strategies integrating optimal EPO use, potentially implementing targeted management of renal and inflammatory contributors to anemia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94141,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100344"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11780985/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143070455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of blenderized watermelon consumption on satiety and postprandial glucose in overweight and obese adolescents","authors":"Caitlin Rasmussen,&nbsp;Martin Rosas Jr.,&nbsp;Isabella Gallardo,&nbsp;Anna J. Kwon,&nbsp;Hoa Luu,&nbsp;Changqi Liu,&nbsp;Shirin Hooshmand,&nbsp;Mark Kern,&nbsp;Mee Young Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2025.100345","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.metop.2025.100345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Watermelon and its rind are rich in fiber, vitamins, minerals, and L-citrulline. Despite these nutritional benefits, research on the effects of blenderized watermelon (WM), especially in adolescents, remains limited. This study aimed to address this gap by examining the impact of blenderized WM (<em>Citrullus lanatus</em>, including both flesh and rind) on satiety, postprandial glucose responses, and overall acceptability among overweight and obese adolescents.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In a randomized crossover design, 20 participants consumed 240 mL of either blenderized watermelon (WM) or an isocaloric sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) on separate days. A triangle sensory test assessed participants' ability to distinguish between WM with and without rind, while acceptability assessments rated flavor, sweetness, and overall satisfaction using a seven-point hedonic scale.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Blenderized WM consumption resulted in significantly lower postprandial glucose levels at 20 and 40 min (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) compared to SSB. Satiety responses showed delayed increases in hunger and desire to eat with WM. Feelings of fullness increased at 20 min for WM (<em>P</em> = 0.033), while SSB resulted in lower fullness than baseline at 120 min (<em>P</em> = 0.006). Participants reported increased appetite after 120 min with WM, compared to 60 min with SSB (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In the triangle sensory test, 70 % of participants correctly identified WM with and without rind, with acceptability assessments favoring WM without rind.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Blenderized WM shows potential for stabilizing postprandial glucose levels and enhancing satiety in overweight and obese adolescents. However, improving the sensory qualities of WM with rind is crucial to increase its appeal as a healthier alternative to sugary snacks. While these findings highlight its promise for managing glucose and promoting satiety, further efforts to enhance its palatability are needed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94141,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100345"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11764071/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143049344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplementation with aspalathin and sulforaphane protects cultured cardiac cells against dyslipidemia-associated oxidative damage","authors":"Sinenhlanhla X.H. Mthembu ,&nbsp;Sithandiwe E. Mazibuko-Mbeje ,&nbsp;Sonia Silvestri ,&nbsp;Patrick Orlando ,&nbsp;Bongani B. Nkambule ,&nbsp;Christo J.F. Muller ,&nbsp;Luca Tiano ,&nbsp;Phiwayinkosi V. Dludla","doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2025.100346","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.metop.2025.100346","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dyslipidemia is a prominent pathological feature responsible for oxidative stress-induced cardiac damage. Due to their high antioxidant content, dietary compounds, such as aspalathin and sulforaphane, are increasingly explored for their cardioprotective effects against lipid-induced toxicity. Cultured H9c2 cardiomyoblasts, an in vitro model routinely used to assess the pharmacological effect of drugs, were pretreated with the dietary compounds, aspalathin (1 μM) and sulforaphane (10 μM) before exposure to palmitic acid (0.25 mM) to induce lipidemic-related complications. The results showed that both aspalathin and sulforaphane enhanced cellular metabolic activity and improved mitochondrial respiration correlating with improved mRNA expression of genes involved in mitochondrial function, including uncoupling protein 2, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, gamma coactivator 1-alpha, nuclear respiratory factor 1, and ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex assembly factor 1. Beyond attenuating lipid peroxidation, the dietary compounds also suppressed intracellular reactive oxygen species and enhanced antioxidant responses, including the mRNA expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2. These envisaged benefits were associated with decreased cellular apoptosis. This preclinical study supports and warrants further investigation into the potential benefits of these dietary compounds or foods rich in aspalathin or sulforaphane in protecting against lipid-induced oxidative damage within the myocardium.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94141,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100346"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11774938/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143070458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms and risk for polycystic ovary syndrome and infertility: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Roozbeh Heidarzadehpilehrood ,&nbsp;Habibah Abdul Hamid ,&nbsp;Maryam Pirhoushiaran","doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2024.100343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.metop.2024.100343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms have been implicated in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Despite VDR gene polymorphisms importance and their risk for PCOS, they have not been extensively studied. The main objective was to evaluate the associations between VDR gene polymorphisms and risk for PCOS.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The current systematic review and meta-analysis examined VDR gene polymorphisms with PCOS in case-control and cohort studies. Relevant keywords were used to search Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed publications until July 1, 2024. Selected papers were assessed for risk bias and quality using the Modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale. A meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effect model. The association between VDR gene polymorphism(s) and PCOS in women was reported as odds ratios (ORs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twenty eligible studies, including 5618 subjects, were included in systematic review and meta-analysis. This study revealed a significant association between <em>Apa</em>I (rs7975232; OR = 1.18, 95 % CI = 1.06–1.30, <em>p &lt; 0.01</em>), <em>Bsm</em>I (rs1544410; OR = 1.22, 95 % CI = 1.08–1.37, <em>p &lt; 0.01),</em> Cdx2 (rs11568820; OR = 1.15, 95 % CI = 0.97–1.38, <em>p &lt; 0.01</em>), and <em>Taq</em>I (rs731236; OR = 1.25, 95 % CI = 1.13–1.39, <em>p &lt; 0.01</em>). However, there was no significant association in the <em>Fok</em>I (rs22228570; OR = 1.01, 95 % CI = 0.91–1.112, <em>p = 0.12</em>) polymorphism with PCOS risk.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The present systematic review and meta-analysis shows that women with <em>Apa</em>I, <em>Bsm</em>I, Cdx2, and <em>Taq</em>I VDR gene polymorphisms may have a higher risk of PCOS. This study was registered on the Prospective International Registry of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) with registration number CRD42024564851.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94141,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100343"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11764755/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143049345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autoimmune protocol diet: A personalized elimination diet for patients with autoimmune diseases","authors":"Eleni C. Pardali ,&nbsp;Arriana Gkouvi ,&nbsp;Kalliopi K. Gkouskou ,&nbsp;Anastasios C. Manolakis ,&nbsp;Christina Tsigalou ,&nbsp;Dimitrios G. Goulis ,&nbsp;Dimitrios P. Bogdanos ,&nbsp;Maria G. Grammatikopoulou","doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2024.100342","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.metop.2024.100342","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The autoimmune protocol diet (AIP) is a personalized elimination diet that aims to determine and exclude the foods that might trigger immune responses, leading to inflammation and symptomatology associated with autoimmune diseases. Focusing on gut health and the importance of the gut microbiome in immune regulation and overall well-being, the AIP starts by eliminating foods that might create negative effects on the patients and continues by developing a personalized and tailored diet plan for them. This comprehensive approach aims to mitigate symptoms and improve quality of life of individuals with autoimmune conditions. This review presents and critically appraises current knowledge on the AIP protocol, highlight any oversights, and discuss findings from relevant clinical trials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94141,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100342"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11755016/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143030657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strict vegetarian diet and pregnancy outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Theopisti Papadopoulou,&nbsp;Antigoni Sarantaki,&nbsp;Dimitra Metallinou,&nbsp;Ermioni Palaska,&nbsp;Christina Nanou,&nbsp;Athina Diamanti","doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2024.100338","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.metop.2024.100338","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The increasing adoption of strict vegetarian diets during pregnancy has raised concerns about their effects on maternal and neonatal outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the impact of strict vegetarian diets on key pregnancy outcomes, including neonatal birth weight, small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), hypertensive disorders, and gestational weight gain (GWG).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A comprehensive literature search across multiple databases yielded eight studies from various countries, involving a total of 72,284 participants. Primary outcomes included neonatal birth weight, SGA, preterm birth, GDM, and maternal hypertensive disorders.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The meta-analysis found that strict vegetarian diets were significantly associated with an increased risk of delivering SGA infants, with a pooled odds ratio (OR) of 2.71 (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.24 to 5.95; <em>p</em> = 0.01). Additionally, infants born to strict vegetarian mothers had lower birth weights, with some studies reporting a mean difference of 240g compared to omnivores. For GDM, no significant differences were found between strict vegetarians and omnivores, with a pooled OR of 0.64 (95 % CI: 0.37 to 1.11; <em>p</em> = 0.11). While vegans showed lower gestational weight gain and reduced risk of excessive weight gain, there was considerable heterogeneity in results regarding hypertensive disorders and preterm birth.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Strict vegetarian diets during pregnancy are associated with an increased risk of SGA infants and lower birth weights. To mitigate these risks, specific dietary guidelines emphasizing adequate intake of critical nutrients such as vitamin B12, iron, omega-3 fatty acids, and iodine should be developed. Supplementation and tailored dietary counseling, incorporating fortified foods and plant-based sources like legumes, nuts, seeds, and algae-derived omega-3, are essential to ensure maternal and neonatal health. Further research is necessary to refine these guidelines and explore their impact on diverse populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94141,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100338"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11699472/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142934158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}