Metabolism open最新文献

{"title":"Dawn-to-dusk dry fasting decreases circulating inflammatory cytokines in subjects with increased body mass index","authors":"Zahraa Al lami ,&nbsp;Miray Kurtca ,&nbsp;Moin Uddin Atique ,&nbsp;Antone R. Opekun ,&nbsp;Mohamad S. Siam ,&nbsp;Prasun K. Jalal ,&nbsp;Bijan Najafi ,&nbsp;Sridevi Devaraj ,&nbsp;Ayse L. Mindikoglu","doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2024.100274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.metop.2024.100274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The circadian rhythm involves numerous metabolic processes, including sleep/awakening, body temperature regulation, hormone secretion, hepatic function, cellular plasticity, and cytokine release (inflammation), that appear to have a dynamic relationship with all the processes above. Studies have linked various cytokines to the chronic state of low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress in obesity. Dawn-to-dusk dry fasting (DDDF) could alleviate the adverse effects of obesity by decreasing inflammation. This study examined the effects of DDDF on circulating inflammatory cytokines in subjects with increased body mass index (BMI).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The current observational prospective study included adult subjects with a BMI equal to or greater than 25 kg/m² who practiced the annual religious 30-day DDDF. Individuals with significant underlying medical conditions were excluded to limit confounding factors. All subjects were evaluated within two weeks before 30-day DDDF, within the fourth week of 30-day DDDF, and within two weeks after 30-day DDDF. Multiple cytokines and clinical health indicators were measured at each evaluation.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Thirteen subjects (10 men and three women) with a mean age of 32.9 years (SD = 9.7 years) and a mean BMI of 32 kg/m2 (SD = 4.6 kg/m²) were included. An overall associated decrease in the levels of multiple cytokines with DDDF was observed. A significant decrease in the mean interleukin 1 beta level was observed within the fourth week of 30-day DDDF (P = 0.045), which persisted even after the fasting period (P = 0.024). There was also a significant decrease in the mean levels of interleukin 15 (IL-15) (P = 0.014), interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (P = 0.041), macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) (P = 0.013), and monokine induced by interferon gamma/chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 (P = 0.027) within the fourth week of 30-day DDDF and in the mean levels of fibroblast growth factor 2 (P = 0.010), interleukin 12 p40 subunit (P = 0.038), interleukin 22 (P = 0.025) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (P = 0.046) within two weeks after 30-DDDF. In terms of anthropometric parameters, there was a decrease in mean body weight (P = 0.032), BMI (P = 0.028), and hip circumference (P = 0.007) within the fourth week of 30-day DDDF and a decrease in mean weight (P = 0.026), BMI (P = 0.033) and hip circumference (P = 0.016) within two weeks after 30-day DDDF compared with the levels measured within two weeks before 30-day DDDF. Although there was no significant correlation between changes in weight and changes in circulating inflammatory cytokines, there was a significant positive correlation between changes in waist circumference and changes in specific inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-15, MDC, platelet-derived growth factor, soluble CD40L, vascular endothelial growth factor A) within the fourth week of 30-day DDDF and/or two weeks after 30-day DD","PeriodicalId":94141,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism open","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589936824000069/pdfft?md5=6772c973bbd773ac5a70691895cc910e&pid=1-s2.0-S2589936824000069-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139828019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation of peripheral tissue substrate metabolism by the gut-derived hormone ghrelin","authors":"Nicole M. Notaro,&nbsp;David J. Dyck","doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2024.100279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metop.2024.100279","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ghrelin increases in the circulation prior to entrained mealtimes, with the acylated (AG) form functioning to stimulate food intake and growth hormone release. Acutely, AG induces whole-body insulin resistance, potentially to maintain glycemia between meals. Alternatively, chronic administration of both AG and the unacylated isoform of ghrelin (unAG) is associated with improved skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity as well as reduced intramuscular lipids and inflammation. This may be due to effects on lipid metabolism, with ghrelin promoting storage of fat in adipose and liver while stimulating oxidation in skeletal muscle, preventing ectopic lipid accumulation. This is of specific relevance in the handling of meal-derived lipids, as ghrelin rises preprandially with effects persisting for 2–3 h following exposure in skeletal muscle, coinciding with elevated plasma FFAs. We hypothesize that ghrelin acts as a preparatory signal for incoming lipids, as well as a regulatory hormone for their use and storage. The effects of ghrelin on skeletal muscle are lost with high fat diet feeding and physical inactivity, potentially being implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic disease. This review summarizes the metabolic effects of both ghrelin isoforms on peripheral tissues including the pancreas, adipose, liver, and skeletal muscle. Additionally, we speculate on the physiological relevance of these effects in vivo and suggest that ghrelin may be a key regulatory hormone for nutrient handling in the postprandial state.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94141,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism open","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589936824000112/pdfft?md5=a723f446a8a283cb449b7d1f27effaf6&pid=1-s2.0-S2589936824000112-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140051644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Boswellia dalzielii and Hibiscus sabdariffa extracts in alloxan-induced diabetic rats","authors":"Adjia Hamadjida ,&nbsp;Rigobert Espoir Ayissi Mbomo ,&nbsp;Stéphane Essono Minko ,&nbsp;Fidèle Ntchapda ,&nbsp;Jean Pierre Kilekoung Mingoas ,&nbsp;Nga Nnanga","doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2024.100278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metop.2024.100278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the leading worldwide public health problems. It is characterized by hyperglycemia which induces oxidative stress and inflammation, both involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes. We previously showed that <em>Boswellia dalzielii</em> (BD) and <em>Hibiscus sabdariffa</em> (HS) extracts reduced hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. In the present study, we evaluated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of both plants in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Two sets of experiments were conducted in male Wistar rats subjected to a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg, b. w.). Then, diabetic rats were daily administered with either BD (1st set of experiments) or HS (2nd set of experiments) at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg orally for 21 consecutive days. Glibenclamide (10 mg/kg) was also administered as a reference drug. At the end of the study, the animals were anesthetized, and blood samples were collected from each animal. Then, oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers in the serum were determined. We found that treatment with BD and HS significantly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) and enhanced the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). These extracts also significantly decreased the inflammatory markers tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). From the results obtained, it can therefore be concluded that BD and HS have the potential to being developed as natural sources of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents that can be used for the prevention or treatment of DM.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94141,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism open","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100278"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589936824000100/pdfft?md5=9c2f6cf7c02dfac46e4a99beb1d61d50&pid=1-s2.0-S2589936824000100-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139985747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and associated factors of herbal medicine use among patients living with chronic disease in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Worku Chekol Tassew ,&nbsp;Getaw Wubie Assefa ,&nbsp;Agerie Mengistie Zeleke ,&nbsp;Yeshiwas Ayal Ferede","doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2024.100280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metop.2024.100280","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Complementary use of medicinal plants with prescribed drugs is becoming more widespread concern among people with chronic disease like cancer, HIV/AIDS, diabetes and hypertension. Consequently, the purpose of this review was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of herbal medicine use among patients suffering from chronic disease.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted by searching articles from Cochrane library, Google scholar, PubMed and African journal online. Data was extracted using Microsoft excel format and imported in to Stata software version 11 (Stata Corp LLC, TX, USA) for analysis. Statistical heterogeneity across the studies was investigated using Cochran's Q chi-square test at the significance level of &lt;0.05 and the I² index. A random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of herbal medicine use.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Our systematic search yielded a total of 17,665 records from four databases (Google scholar (12,800), PubMed (3835), Cochrane library (30) and African journal online (12). The pooled estimate of herbal medicine use among patients with chronic disease in Ethiopia is found to be 56.94% (95% CI: 49.75, 64.12, P &lt; 0.001). Being female (POR = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.55, 2.75, I² = 10.0%), rural residence (POR = 2.80, 95% CI = 1.42, 5.52, I² = 89.1%), duration of the disease greater than 5 years (POR = 6.42, 95% CI = 4.188, 9.84, I² = 48.3%) and having complication (POR = 4.65, 95% CI = 3.75, 5.77, I² = 0.0%) were factors associated with herbal medicine use among patients living with chronic disease.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The study found a high prevalence of herbal medicine use among patients living with chronic disease. Being female, rural residence, duration of disease greater than 5 years and having complication were factors that are significantly associated with herbal medicine use. The prevalence of herbal medicine use among persons with chronic disease in Ethiopia presents significant implications for healthcare practice. Healthcare professionals need to adopt a patient-centered strategy that promotes open, judgment-free discussions about herbal medicine usage.</p></div><div><h3><strong>Prospero registration</strong></h3><p>CRD42024498817.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94141,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism open","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589936824000124/pdfft?md5=60b2b58fc03ca384a456f7332cb1f0f8&pid=1-s2.0-S2589936824000124-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139985748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poor treatment outcome and associated factors of hyperglycemic emergencies among diabetic patients in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Worku Chekol Tassew ,&nbsp;Gashaw Melkie Bayeh ,&nbsp;Yeshiwas Ayale Ferede ,&nbsp;Agerie Mengistie Zeleke","doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2024.100275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metop.2024.100275","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Despite the fact that hyperglycemic crisis poses a significant threat to the health care systems of developing countries like Ethiopia, there is a dearth of reliable data regarding the poor treatment outcome and associated factors among hyperglycemic emergencies in Ethiopia. Therefore, this review aimed to assess poor treatment outcome and associated factors of hyperglycemic emergencies among diabetic patients in Ethiopia.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Published articles regarding poor treatment outcome and associated factors of hyperglycemic emergencies among diabetic patients in Ethiopia were extensively searched from PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane library, and African journal online. After extraction, data were exported to Stata software version 11 (Stata Corp LLC, TX, USA) for analysis. Statistically, the Cochrane Q-test and I² statistics were used to determine the presence or absence of heterogeneity.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>3650 duplicates were eliminated from the 4291 papers (PubMed [18], Google scholar (1170), African journal online [21], and Cochrane library (3082)). The pooled estimate of poor treatment outcome among hyperglycemic emergencies in Ethiopia is found to be 16.21% (95% CI: 11.01, 21.41, P &lt; 0.001). Creatinine level &gt;1.2 mg/dl, stroke, sepsis and comorbidity were associated factors of poor treatment outcome.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Poor treatment outcome from hyperglycemic emergencies among diabetic patients was found to be high. Poor treatment outcome was predicted for those patients who had creatinine level &gt;1.2 mg/dl, stroke, sepsis and comorbidity. As a result, we recommend healthcare providers to monitor thoroughly and have close follow-ups for patients with the identified predictors to improve poor treatment outcome from hyperglycemic crises</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94141,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism open","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589936824000070/pdfft?md5=6459e271b765ca23d064fa8dffd2421d&pid=1-s2.0-S2589936824000070-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139941620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of hepatoprotective and antidiarrheal activities of the hydromethanol crude extract and solvent fractions of Schinus molle L. (Anacardiaceae) leaf and fruit in mice","authors":"Yaschilal Muche Belayneh,&nbsp;Getnet Mengistu,&nbsp;Kidan Hailay","doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2024.100272","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.metop.2024.100272","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Liver disease is any disease that negatively affects the normal function of the liver, and it is a major health problem that challenges not only healthcare professionals, but also the pharmaceutical industry and drug regulatory agencies. Similarly, diarrhea is the second leading cause of death among children under five globally next to pneumonia. The available synthetic drugs for the treatment of liver disorders and diarrhoea have limited safety and efficacy.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To evaluate the <em>in vivo</em> hepatoprotective and antidiarrheal activities of hydroalcoholic leaf and fruit extracts of <em>Schinus molle</em> L. (Anacardiaceae) in mice.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Hepatoprotective activity of the extracts was evaluated by using CCl₄ induced hepatotoxicity in mice model. In this model, mice were divided into groups and treated as follows. The normal control and toxicant control groups were treated with the vehicle used for reconstitution, the positive control was treated with the standard drug (silymarin), and the test groups were treated with different doses of plant extracts daily in the morning for seven days. Additionally, all groups except the normal control were treated with CCl₄ (2 mg/kg, IP) on the 4th day of treatment, 30 min post-dose. On the 7th day, blood was collected from each mouse via a cardiac puncture. The collected blood was centrifuged, and serum levels of ALT, AST, and ALP were determined using an automated chemistry analyser. Data were analysed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's post-hoc test.</p><p>The antidiarrheal activity of the extract was investigated using castor oil-induced diarrhoea, enteropooling, and small intestine transit. The test groups received various doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) of the extract, whereas the positive control received loperamide (3 mg/kg), and the negative control received the vehicle (distilled water, 10 ml/kg).</p></div><div><h3>Result</h3><p>Hepatoprotective activity: The leaf and fruit crude extracts showed significant improvement in the body weight and liver weight of mice compared to the untreated toxicant control. Additionally, treatment with hydromethanol leaf and fruit extracts caused a significant (P &lt; 0.05) improvement in liver biomarkers compared to the toxicant control. Similarly, the n-butanol and chloroform fractions of the fruit extract caused a significant reduction (P &lt; 0.01) in serum AST, ALT, ALP and Bilirubin levels and a significant (P &lt; 0.001) increase in total protein compared to the toxicant control. However, none of the three solvent fractions (n-butanol, chloroform, and aqueous) of the fruit extract significantly affected (P &gt; 0.05) the level of albumin compared with the toxicant control.</p><p>Antidiarrheal activity: In the castor oil-induced diarrheal model, the 80 % methanol extract delayed the onset of defaecation and significantly reduced ","PeriodicalId":94141,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism open","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589936824000045/pdfft?md5=5c5a8a584b766ac0cf80afb8bcae9809&pid=1-s2.0-S2589936824000045-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139634039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Justicia schimperiana (Acanthaceae) roots extract on blood glucose level and lipid profiles in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice","authors":"Mulugeta Kasaw Feleke ,&nbsp;Tesfahun Bekele ,&nbsp;Gashaw Dessie ,&nbsp;Tiget Ayelgn ,&nbsp;Amare Nigatu ,&nbsp;Tezera Jemere ,&nbsp;Adugna Nigatu Alene","doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2024.100270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.metop.2024.100270","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><em>Justicia schimperiana</em> has been used traditionally for the treatment of different diseases, including, diabetes. Yet, no <em>in vivo</em> study was conducted to substantiate these claims. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of <em>Justicia schimperiana</em> roots extract on blood glucose levels and lipid profiles in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Male Swiss albino mice weighing 25–35 g were induced diabetes with 150 mg/kg of STZ. Animals were randomly grouped into six groups of five each. Group I was a normal control, Group II was a Diabetic control, Group III–V were Diabetic Mice treated with the extract (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) respectively, and Group VI was standard control. The treatments were followed for 14 days. The FBG measurements were done on 0, 7th, and 14th days of treatment. On the 15th day, the mice were anesthetized with diethyl ether; blood samples were collected for the assessment of serum lipid profiles. The antioxidant and α-amylase inhibitory activities of the extract were also investigated <em>in vitro</em> using the DPPH and DNSA assay methods, respectively. The data were entered into EPI DATA version 4.6, exported to IBM, SPSS version 26.0, and analyzed using a one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test. P &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The hydromethanolic extract of <em>J. schimperiana</em> roots exhibited no toxicity up to a dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight. In the STZ-induced diabetic mice, the extract reduced blood glucose levels at all tested doses: 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg on the 14th day as compared to diabetic control. The higher dose showed maximum reduction (29.73 %, p &lt; 0.001) on the 14th day of treatment compared to the baseline. There were significant reductions in serum TG, TC, LDL, and a significant increase in body weight and HDL compared to the diabetic control. Besides, good antioxidant and α-amylase inhibitory activity were obtained from the <em>in vitro</em> laboratory tests.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Evidence from our study revealed that the root extract of <em>J. schimperiana</em> has antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects in STZ-induced diabetic mice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94141,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism open","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589936824000021/pdfft?md5=3f1ee4498dc8e8fedc6e2d9aaa00caa6&pid=1-s2.0-S2589936824000021-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139457080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drug targets regulate systemic metabolism and provide new horizons to treat nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","authors":"Yibing Wang ,&nbsp;Hanhan Yu ,&nbsp;Zhipeng Cen ,&nbsp;Yutong Zhu ,&nbsp;Wenyi Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2023.100267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metop.2023.100267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is the advanced stage of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with rapidly rising global prevalence. It is featured with severe hepatocyte apoptosis, inflammation and hepatic lipogenesis. The drugs directly targeting the processes of steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis are currently under clinical investigation. Nevertheless, the long-term ineffectiveness and remarkable adverse effects are well documented, and new concepts are required to tackle with the root causes of NASH progression. We critically assess the recently validated drug targets that regulate the systemic metabolism to ameliorate NASH. Thermogenesis promoted by mitochondrial uncouplers restores systemic energy expenditure. Furthermore, regulation of mitochondrial proteases and proteins that are pivotal for intracellular metabolic homeostasis normalize mitochondrial function. Secreted proteins also improve systemic metabolism, and NASH is ameliorated by agonizing receptors of secreted proteins with small molecules. We analyze the drug design, the advantages and shortcomings of these novel drug candidates. Meanwhile, the structural modification of current NASH therapeutics significantly increased their selectivity, efficacy and safety. Furthermore, the arising CRISPR-Cas9 screen strategy on liver organoids has enabled the identification of new genes that mediate lipid metabolism, which may serve as promising drug targets. In summary, this article discusses the in-depth novel mechanisms and the multidisciplinary approaches, and they provide new horizons to treat NASH.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94141,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism open","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589936823000397/pdfft?md5=08bedda8f54d16845fb5430a73df8a7b&pid=1-s2.0-S2589936823000397-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138769957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with glycaemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Ho, Ghana: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Stanley Kofi Alor ,&nbsp;Irene M. Akwo Kretchy ,&nbsp;Franklin N. Glozah ,&nbsp;Philip Baba Adongo","doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2023.100265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metop.2023.100265","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The purpose of this study was to assess the status of glycaemic control and associated factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This was a hospital-based cross-sectional descriptive study of 326 patients with type 2 diabetes at the Ho Municipal and Teaching Hospitals. The adequate sample size was calculated using Yamane formula N/1 + Ne², with 95 % confidence interval, 5 % margin of error and 10 % non-response rate and a sample size of 326 was determined. Using the sampling frame of patients chart, systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Glycaemic level was assessed using fasting blood glucose (FBG) readings. A poor glycaemic control was when an average of three months blood glucose level was above 130 mg/dl (7 mm/L). Data was analysed using STATA version 15.0.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Out of 310 patients who participated in the study, more than two-thirds (76.1 %) had poor glycaemic control. Patients who use combination of oral medication and insulin (AOR = 3.67, 95 % CI: 1.34–8.74), patients with diabetes for 16 years or more (AOR = 4.67, 95 % CI: 2.44–9.29), patients who did not practised diabetes self-care activities (AOR = 4.32, 95 % CI: 2.82–9.31) and patients with complications were (AOR = 2.47, 95%CI: 1.45–8.66) more likely to have poor glycaemic control. Age, employment, diabetes education, comorbidities, diabetes self-care activities, treatment type, complications, resident and duration of diabetes were significantly associated with poor glycaemic control.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Based on this findings, teaching and counselling provided by nurses, physicians, dietitians and pharmacists should focus on improving adherence to diabetes self-care activities to attain good glycaemic control.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94141,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism open","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589936823000373/pdfft?md5=380bc31344fcef13bc650c876f5ae8ca&pid=1-s2.0-S2589936823000373-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138489951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma undercarboxylated osteocalcin dynamics with glycemic stress reflects insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function in humans with and without T2DM","authors":"Kelly N.Z. Fuller ,&nbsp;Erin M. Bohne ,&nbsp;Jacob T. Mey ,&nbsp;Brian K. Blackburn ,&nbsp;Victoria R. Miranda ,&nbsp;Krista A. Varady ,&nbsp;Kirstie K. Danielson ,&nbsp;Jacob M. Haus","doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2023.100264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metop.2023.100264","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to better understand the relationship between bone-related biomarkers and nutrient stress in the context of metabolic health. We investigated plasma osteocalcin (OC) during an oral glucose challenge and experimental hyperinsulinemia in Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and lean healthy controls (LHC). Older individuals with obesity and T2DM (n = 9) and young LHCs (n = 9) underwent a 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and a 40 mU/m²/min hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Plasma undercarboxylated OC (ucOC) and total OC were measured at baseline, 60mins, and 120mins of the OGTT and clamp via ELISA. In addition, plasma alkaline phosphatase (ALP), leptin, adiponectin, Vitamin D and insulin were measured and indices of insulin sensitivity and β-cell function were derived. The T2DM group had lower (p&lt;0.05) ucOC and ucOC:total OC ratio than LHC during both the OGTT and clamp. Further, baseline ucOC was positively correlated to indices of β-cell function and negatively correlated to indices of insulin resistance when both groups were combined (all p&lt;0.05). Suppression of OC observed in T2DM may be related to glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Similarly, our data suggest that the observed phenotypic differences between groups are likely a product of long-term glucose dysregulation rather than acute flux in glucose or insulin.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94141,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism open","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589936823000361/pdfft?md5=43aa2e5e90d66a5a11a0c2232202da1f&pid=1-s2.0-S2589936823000361-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138489952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}