Metabolism open最新文献

{"title":"Poor treatment outcome and associated factors of hyperglycemic emergencies among diabetic patients in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Worku Chekol Tassew ,&nbsp;Gashaw Melkie Bayeh ,&nbsp;Yeshiwas Ayale Ferede ,&nbsp;Agerie Mengistie Zeleke","doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2024.100275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metop.2024.100275","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Despite the fact that hyperglycemic crisis poses a significant threat to the health care systems of developing countries like Ethiopia, there is a dearth of reliable data regarding the poor treatment outcome and associated factors among hyperglycemic emergencies in Ethiopia. Therefore, this review aimed to assess poor treatment outcome and associated factors of hyperglycemic emergencies among diabetic patients in Ethiopia.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Published articles regarding poor treatment outcome and associated factors of hyperglycemic emergencies among diabetic patients in Ethiopia were extensively searched from PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane library, and African journal online. After extraction, data were exported to Stata software version 11 (Stata Corp LLC, TX, USA) for analysis. Statistically, the Cochrane Q-test and I² statistics were used to determine the presence or absence of heterogeneity.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>3650 duplicates were eliminated from the 4291 papers (PubMed [18], Google scholar (1170), African journal online [21], and Cochrane library (3082)). The pooled estimate of poor treatment outcome among hyperglycemic emergencies in Ethiopia is found to be 16.21% (95% CI: 11.01, 21.41, P &lt; 0.001). Creatinine level &gt;1.2 mg/dl, stroke, sepsis and comorbidity were associated factors of poor treatment outcome.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Poor treatment outcome from hyperglycemic emergencies among diabetic patients was found to be high. Poor treatment outcome was predicted for those patients who had creatinine level &gt;1.2 mg/dl, stroke, sepsis and comorbidity. As a result, we recommend healthcare providers to monitor thoroughly and have close follow-ups for patients with the identified predictors to improve poor treatment outcome from hyperglycemic crises</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94141,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism open","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589936824000070/pdfft?md5=6459e271b765ca23d064fa8dffd2421d&pid=1-s2.0-S2589936824000070-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139941620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of hepatoprotective and antidiarrheal activities of the hydromethanol crude extract and solvent fractions of Schinus molle L. (Anacardiaceae) leaf and fruit in mice","authors":"Yaschilal Muche Belayneh,&nbsp;Getnet Mengistu,&nbsp;Kidan Hailay","doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2024.100272","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.metop.2024.100272","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Liver disease is any disease that negatively affects the normal function of the liver, and it is a major health problem that challenges not only healthcare professionals, but also the pharmaceutical industry and drug regulatory agencies. Similarly, diarrhea is the second leading cause of death among children under five globally next to pneumonia. The available synthetic drugs for the treatment of liver disorders and diarrhoea have limited safety and efficacy.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To evaluate the <em>in vivo</em> hepatoprotective and antidiarrheal activities of hydroalcoholic leaf and fruit extracts of <em>Schinus molle</em> L. (Anacardiaceae) in mice.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Hepatoprotective activity of the extracts was evaluated by using CCl₄ induced hepatotoxicity in mice model. In this model, mice were divided into groups and treated as follows. The normal control and toxicant control groups were treated with the vehicle used for reconstitution, the positive control was treated with the standard drug (silymarin), and the test groups were treated with different doses of plant extracts daily in the morning for seven days. Additionally, all groups except the normal control were treated with CCl₄ (2 mg/kg, IP) on the 4th day of treatment, 30 min post-dose. On the 7th day, blood was collected from each mouse via a cardiac puncture. The collected blood was centrifuged, and serum levels of ALT, AST, and ALP were determined using an automated chemistry analyser. Data were analysed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's post-hoc test.</p><p>The antidiarrheal activity of the extract was investigated using castor oil-induced diarrhoea, enteropooling, and small intestine transit. The test groups received various doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) of the extract, whereas the positive control received loperamide (3 mg/kg), and the negative control received the vehicle (distilled water, 10 ml/kg).</p></div><div><h3>Result</h3><p>Hepatoprotective activity: The leaf and fruit crude extracts showed significant improvement in the body weight and liver weight of mice compared to the untreated toxicant control. Additionally, treatment with hydromethanol leaf and fruit extracts caused a significant (P &lt; 0.05) improvement in liver biomarkers compared to the toxicant control. Similarly, the n-butanol and chloroform fractions of the fruit extract caused a significant reduction (P &lt; 0.01) in serum AST, ALT, ALP and Bilirubin levels and a significant (P &lt; 0.001) increase in total protein compared to the toxicant control. However, none of the three solvent fractions (n-butanol, chloroform, and aqueous) of the fruit extract significantly affected (P &gt; 0.05) the level of albumin compared with the toxicant control.</p><p>Antidiarrheal activity: In the castor oil-induced diarrheal model, the 80 % methanol extract delayed the onset of defaecation and significantly reduced ","PeriodicalId":94141,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism open","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589936824000045/pdfft?md5=5c5a8a584b766ac0cf80afb8bcae9809&pid=1-s2.0-S2589936824000045-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139634039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Justicia schimperiana (Acanthaceae) roots extract on blood glucose level and lipid profiles in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice","authors":"Mulugeta Kasaw Feleke ,&nbsp;Tesfahun Bekele ,&nbsp;Gashaw Dessie ,&nbsp;Tiget Ayelgn ,&nbsp;Amare Nigatu ,&nbsp;Tezera Jemere ,&nbsp;Adugna Nigatu Alene","doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2024.100270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.metop.2024.100270","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><em>Justicia schimperiana</em> has been used traditionally for the treatment of different diseases, including, diabetes. Yet, no <em>in vivo</em> study was conducted to substantiate these claims. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of <em>Justicia schimperiana</em> roots extract on blood glucose levels and lipid profiles in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Male Swiss albino mice weighing 25–35 g were induced diabetes with 150 mg/kg of STZ. Animals were randomly grouped into six groups of five each. Group I was a normal control, Group II was a Diabetic control, Group III–V were Diabetic Mice treated with the extract (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) respectively, and Group VI was standard control. The treatments were followed for 14 days. The FBG measurements were done on 0, 7th, and 14th days of treatment. On the 15th day, the mice were anesthetized with diethyl ether; blood samples were collected for the assessment of serum lipid profiles. The antioxidant and α-amylase inhibitory activities of the extract were also investigated <em>in vitro</em> using the DPPH and DNSA assay methods, respectively. The data were entered into EPI DATA version 4.6, exported to IBM, SPSS version 26.0, and analyzed using a one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test. P &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The hydromethanolic extract of <em>J. schimperiana</em> roots exhibited no toxicity up to a dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight. In the STZ-induced diabetic mice, the extract reduced blood glucose levels at all tested doses: 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg on the 14th day as compared to diabetic control. The higher dose showed maximum reduction (29.73 %, p &lt; 0.001) on the 14th day of treatment compared to the baseline. There were significant reductions in serum TG, TC, LDL, and a significant increase in body weight and HDL compared to the diabetic control. Besides, good antioxidant and α-amylase inhibitory activity were obtained from the <em>in vitro</em> laboratory tests.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Evidence from our study revealed that the root extract of <em>J. schimperiana</em> has antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects in STZ-induced diabetic mice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94141,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism open","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589936824000021/pdfft?md5=3f1ee4498dc8e8fedc6e2d9aaa00caa6&pid=1-s2.0-S2589936824000021-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139457080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drug targets regulate systemic metabolism and provide new horizons to treat nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","authors":"Yibing Wang ,&nbsp;Hanhan Yu ,&nbsp;Zhipeng Cen ,&nbsp;Yutong Zhu ,&nbsp;Wenyi Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2023.100267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metop.2023.100267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is the advanced stage of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with rapidly rising global prevalence. It is featured with severe hepatocyte apoptosis, inflammation and hepatic lipogenesis. The drugs directly targeting the processes of steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis are currently under clinical investigation. Nevertheless, the long-term ineffectiveness and remarkable adverse effects are well documented, and new concepts are required to tackle with the root causes of NASH progression. We critically assess the recently validated drug targets that regulate the systemic metabolism to ameliorate NASH. Thermogenesis promoted by mitochondrial uncouplers restores systemic energy expenditure. Furthermore, regulation of mitochondrial proteases and proteins that are pivotal for intracellular metabolic homeostasis normalize mitochondrial function. Secreted proteins also improve systemic metabolism, and NASH is ameliorated by agonizing receptors of secreted proteins with small molecules. We analyze the drug design, the advantages and shortcomings of these novel drug candidates. Meanwhile, the structural modification of current NASH therapeutics significantly increased their selectivity, efficacy and safety. Furthermore, the arising CRISPR-Cas9 screen strategy on liver organoids has enabled the identification of new genes that mediate lipid metabolism, which may serve as promising drug targets. In summary, this article discusses the in-depth novel mechanisms and the multidisciplinary approaches, and they provide new horizons to treat NASH.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94141,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism open","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589936823000397/pdfft?md5=08bedda8f54d16845fb5430a73df8a7b&pid=1-s2.0-S2589936823000397-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138769957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with glycaemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Ho, Ghana: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Stanley Kofi Alor ,&nbsp;Irene M. Akwo Kretchy ,&nbsp;Franklin N. Glozah ,&nbsp;Philip Baba Adongo","doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2023.100265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metop.2023.100265","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The purpose of this study was to assess the status of glycaemic control and associated factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This was a hospital-based cross-sectional descriptive study of 326 patients with type 2 diabetes at the Ho Municipal and Teaching Hospitals. The adequate sample size was calculated using Yamane formula N/1 + Ne², with 95 % confidence interval, 5 % margin of error and 10 % non-response rate and a sample size of 326 was determined. Using the sampling frame of patients chart, systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Glycaemic level was assessed using fasting blood glucose (FBG) readings. A poor glycaemic control was when an average of three months blood glucose level was above 130 mg/dl (7 mm/L). Data was analysed using STATA version 15.0.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Out of 310 patients who participated in the study, more than two-thirds (76.1 %) had poor glycaemic control. Patients who use combination of oral medication and insulin (AOR = 3.67, 95 % CI: 1.34–8.74), patients with diabetes for 16 years or more (AOR = 4.67, 95 % CI: 2.44–9.29), patients who did not practised diabetes self-care activities (AOR = 4.32, 95 % CI: 2.82–9.31) and patients with complications were (AOR = 2.47, 95%CI: 1.45–8.66) more likely to have poor glycaemic control. Age, employment, diabetes education, comorbidities, diabetes self-care activities, treatment type, complications, resident and duration of diabetes were significantly associated with poor glycaemic control.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Based on this findings, teaching and counselling provided by nurses, physicians, dietitians and pharmacists should focus on improving adherence to diabetes self-care activities to attain good glycaemic control.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94141,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism open","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589936823000373/pdfft?md5=380bc31344fcef13bc650c876f5ae8ca&pid=1-s2.0-S2589936823000373-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138489951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma undercarboxylated osteocalcin dynamics with glycemic stress reflects insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function in humans with and without T2DM","authors":"Kelly N.Z. Fuller ,&nbsp;Erin M. Bohne ,&nbsp;Jacob T. Mey ,&nbsp;Brian K. Blackburn ,&nbsp;Victoria R. Miranda ,&nbsp;Krista A. Varady ,&nbsp;Kirstie K. Danielson ,&nbsp;Jacob M. Haus","doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2023.100264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metop.2023.100264","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to better understand the relationship between bone-related biomarkers and nutrient stress in the context of metabolic health. We investigated plasma osteocalcin (OC) during an oral glucose challenge and experimental hyperinsulinemia in Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and lean healthy controls (LHC). Older individuals with obesity and T2DM (n = 9) and young LHCs (n = 9) underwent a 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and a 40 mU/m²/min hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Plasma undercarboxylated OC (ucOC) and total OC were measured at baseline, 60mins, and 120mins of the OGTT and clamp via ELISA. In addition, plasma alkaline phosphatase (ALP), leptin, adiponectin, Vitamin D and insulin were measured and indices of insulin sensitivity and β-cell function were derived. The T2DM group had lower (p&lt;0.05) ucOC and ucOC:total OC ratio than LHC during both the OGTT and clamp. Further, baseline ucOC was positively correlated to indices of β-cell function and negatively correlated to indices of insulin resistance when both groups were combined (all p&lt;0.05). Suppression of OC observed in T2DM may be related to glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Similarly, our data suggest that the observed phenotypic differences between groups are likely a product of long-term glucose dysregulation rather than acute flux in glucose or insulin.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94141,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism open","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589936823000361/pdfft?md5=43aa2e5e90d66a5a11a0c2232202da1f&pid=1-s2.0-S2589936823000361-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138489952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between glycemic variability, sleep quality, and daily steps in subjects without diabetes using wearable devices","authors":"Jun Inaishi ,&nbsp;Kazuhiro Kashiwagi ,&nbsp;Shotaro Kinoshita ,&nbsp;Yasuyo Wada ,&nbsp;Sayaka Hanashiro ,&nbsp;Kiko Shiga ,&nbsp;Momoko Kitazawa ,&nbsp;Shiori Tsutsumi ,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Yamakawa ,&nbsp;Taishiro Kishimoto","doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2023.100263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metop.2023.100263","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Since there are limited studies on the associations between glycemic variability (GV) and sleep quality or physical activity in subjects without diabetes, we evaluated the associations between GV, as assessed by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), and both sleep quality and daily steps using wearable devices in healthy individuals.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Forty participants without diabetes were monitored by both an intermittently scanned CGM and a smartwatch-type activity tracker for 2 weeks. The standard deviation (SD) and coefficient of variation (CV) of glucose were evaluated as indices of GV. The activity tracker was used to calculate each participant's average step count per day. We also calculated sleep duration, sleep efficiency, and sleep latency based on data from the activity tracker. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to assess the association between GV and sleep indices or daily steps. For each participant, periods were divided into quartiles according to step counts throughout the day. We compared mean parameter differences between the periods of lowest quartile and highest quartile (lower 25% and upper 25%).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>SD glucose was significantly positively correlated with sleep latency (R = 0.23, P &lt; 0.05). There were no significant correlations among other indices in GV and sleep quality (P &gt; 0.05). SD glucose and CV glucose levels in the upper 25% period of daily steps were lower than those in the lower 25% period in each participant (both, P &lt; 0.01).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>In subjects without diabetes, GV evaluated by intermittently scanned CGM was positively associated with the time to fall asleep. Furthermore, GV in the days of larger daily steps was decreased compared to the days of smaller daily steps in each participant.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94141,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism open","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S258993682300035X/pdfft?md5=7aad7546f602985db7830a162b895e4e&pid=1-s2.0-S258993682300035X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138395997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of a hybrid technology enabled care model as measured by ICHOM standard set on established and managed type 2 patients already using medications: A RWE retrospective study","authors":"Ihsan Almarzooqi,&nbsp;Hala Zakaria,&nbsp;Sofia Aleabova,&nbsp;Milena Caccelli,&nbsp;Cigdem Ozkan,&nbsp;Judith Skaf,&nbsp;Jestoni Bangayan,&nbsp;Dianne Catapang,&nbsp;Zeinab Jaafar,&nbsp;Ali Hashemi,&nbsp;Yousef Said","doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2023.100262","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.metop.2023.100262","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><p>Diabetes is a pressing global health issue, demanding innovative strategies for improved treatment. However, traditional care often falls short of patient goals. To address this, digital health solutions, including smartphone apps and remote monitoring, have emerged as crucial in diabetes management. This study aims to assess a comprehensive intervention, combining remote continuous data monitoring (RCDM) with in-clinic care, for enhancing diabetes-related outcomes. Additionally, it seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of the digital RCDM component by comparing adherent and non-adherent patients.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Conducted in the United Arab Emirates, a retrospective study involved 89 patients primarily on anti-diabetic medications. They were split into two groups based on adherence to RCDM. Over time, significant improvements were observed across various parameters.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Notably, patients exhibited weight loss (−4.0 ± 5.3, p &lt; 0.001), reduced waist circumference (−4.74 ± 7.8, p &lt; 0.001), lowered HbA1c levels (−1.00 ± 1.3, p &lt; 0.001), decreased systolic BP (−3.1 ± 13.1, p = 0.035), and diminished diastolic BP (−3.4 ± 9.9, p = 0.002) annually. Furthermore, patients adhering to the GluCare model demonstrated substantial HbA1c reductions (−1.53 ± 1.5, p &lt; 0.001), improved lipid profiles, notably decreased total Cholesterol (−16.6 ± 50.3, p = 0.034), and lowered LDL levels (−18.65 ± 42.6, p = 0.006).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The intervention model effectively managed T2D patients through a comprehensive approach, yielding notable improvements in HbA1c levels and other outcomes within a year. The study underscores the limitations of traditional care and reliance simply on pharmacotherapy, and emphasizes the need for a hyper-personalized, and continuous approach for T2D management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94141,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism open","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589936823000348/pdfft?md5=3c798d95e30bb640b0126ec21ce3375e&pid=1-s2.0-S2589936823000348-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135669983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The determinants of fasting and post-load non-esterified fatty acids in older adults: The cardiovascular health study","authors":"Yakubu Bene-Alhasan ,&nbsp;David S. Siscovick ,&nbsp;Joachim H. Ix ,&nbsp;Jorge R. Kizer ,&nbsp;Russell Tracy ,&nbsp;Luc Djoussé ,&nbsp;Kenneth J. Mukamal","doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2023.100261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metop.2023.100261","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><p>Non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) are potential targets for prevention of key cardiometabolic diseases of aging, but their population-level correlates remain uncertain. We sought to identify modifiable factors associated with fasting and post-load NEFA levels in older adults.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We used linear regression to determine the cross-sectional associations of demographic, anthropometric, and lifestyle characteristics and medication use with serum fasting and post-load NEFA concentrations amongst community-dwelling older adults enrolled in the Cardiovascular Health Study (n = 1924).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Fasting NEFA levels generally demonstrated a broader set of determinants, while post-load NEFA were more consistently associated with metabolic factors. Waist circumference and weight were associated with higher fasting and post-load NEFA. Cigarette smoking and caffeine intake were associated with lower levels of both species, and moderate alcohol intake was associated with higher fasting levels whereas greater consumption was associated with lower post-load levels. Unique factors associated with higher fasting NEFA included female sex, higher age, loop and thiazide diuretic use and calcium intake, while factors associated with lower fasting levels included higher educational attainment, beta-blocker use, and protein intake. Hours spent sleeping during the daytime were associated with higher post-load NEFA, while DASH score was associated with lower levels.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Fasting and post-load NEFA have both common and unique modifiable risk factors, including sociodemographics, anthropometric, medications, and diet. Post-load NEFA were particularly sensitive to metabolic factors, while a broader range of determinants were associated with fasting levels. These factors warrant study as targets for lowering levels of NEFA in older adults.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94141,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism open","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589936823000336/pdfft?md5=767698879f156b12350e540ac6329960&pid=1-s2.0-S2589936823000336-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92044499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatoprotective effect of hydromethanol extract of Otostegia integrifolia benth leaves in isoniazid and rifampicin induced Swiss albino mice","authors":"Endalkachew Gugsa,&nbsp;Tewodros Shibabaw Molla,&nbsp;Tesfahun Bekele,&nbsp;Tadesse Asmamaw Dejenie","doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2023.100255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metop.2023.100255","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Drug-induced liver injury is the most common cause of acute liver failure. Off-Target effect “hepatotoxicity “frequently detected during clinical examination of patients on <em>anti</em>-Tb medication particularly isoniazid (INH), and rifampin (RMP). However, there is no any treatment option against isoniazid and rifampicin induced hepatotoxicity. It is, therefore, necessary to search for effective affordable and safe drugs from medicinal plants for the prevention of liver toxicity caused by isoniazid and rifampicin. The aim the current study is to evaluate hepatoprotective effect of hydro methanol extract from <em>Otostegia integrifolia</em> leaves in isoniazid and rifampicin-induced hepatotoxicity in Swiss albino mice.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><em>O. integrifolia</em> leaves powder was macerated in hydromethanol and thirty Swiss albino mice 29.0–40.6 g were grouped in to five groups. Group I were given 20 ml/kg distilled water, group II were given 100 mg INH and 150 mg RIF per kg body weight. Group III, group IV, and group V were given 200 mg extract, 400 mg extract, and 100 mg of <em>N</em>-acetyl cysteine respectively per kg 1hr before induction with 100 mg INH plus 150 mg RIF per kg. The treatments were followed for 14 days. On the 15th day, all mice were anaesthetized with diethyl ether; blood samples were collected for the assessment liver enzyme and function test.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Group II mice's serum ALT, AST and total bilirubin levels were significantly increased and serum total protein and albumin levels were significantly decreased as compared with group I mice. The groups of mice treated with <em>O. integrifolia</em> at a dose of 400 mg/kg and <em>N</em>-acetyl cysteine AST, ALT and total bilirubin level were significantly decreased; and total protein and albumin levels were significantly (P &lt; 0.05) increased as compared with group II. The liver index of the group IV showed decreased (P &lt; 0.05) as compared to the group II.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Evidence from our study revealed that the hydromethanol extract of O. integrifolia has a hepatoprotective effect against isoniazid and rifampicin-induced hepatotoxicity in Swiss Albino mice. This protective effect of O. integrifolia extract may be based on its metal ion reducing power, free radical scavenging activity, and anti-inflammatory activity and could be used as a potential therapeutic option.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94141,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism open","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589936823000270/pdfft?md5=b681bad02f9bb8eb314cd91d460468fe&pid=1-s2.0-S2589936823000270-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91958635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}