Metabolism open最新文献

{"title":"Antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of topically applied Citrullus colocynthis extract in type 2 diabetes: A clinical and phytochemical study","authors":"Mahir Essa Alsalihi ,&nbsp;Farhang Hameed Awlqadr ,&nbsp;Mohammed N. Saeed ,&nbsp;Aryan Mahmood Faraj ,&nbsp;Syamand Ahmed Qadir ,&nbsp;Tablo H. Salih","doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2025.100401","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.metop.2025.100401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study investigates the phytochemical composition, antioxidant potential, and hypoglycemic efficacy of topical <em>Citrullus colocynthis</em> (bitter apple) fruit extract in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The fruit extract, obtained through solvent extraction and analyzed via Gas-Liquid Chromatography (GLC), revealed a high concentration of bioactive compounds, notably terpinene (16.58 %), camphor (12.25 %), p-cymene (8.46 %), limonene (7.12 %), and saponins (9.58 %), contributing to a total identified component concentration of 71.41 %. The extract demonstrated strong antioxidant activity, with DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays showing up to 77.04 % and 76.97 % inhibition, respectively, and an Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) peaking at 574.82 μmol TE/g extract. Interestingly, metal chelating activity followed an inverse trend, with the highest activity observed at the lowest concentration (25 μL), likely driven by low-molecular-weight phenolics and flavonoids with high bioavailability. A clinical trial involving 36 T2DM patients revealed a significant reduction in blood glucose levels following topical application of the extract to the feet. Blood glucose decreased by 46–65 mg/dL per application, with average values dropping from 157 mg/dL to 99.67 mg/dL (minimum) and from 374.67 mg/dL to 321.33 mg/dL (maximum), irrespective of gender. These findings demonstrate that <em>C. colocynthis</em> extract, rich in terpenes, saponins, phenolics, and flavonoids, exhibits potent antioxidant and hypoglycemic properties, supporting its potential as a safe, effective, and complementary therapeutic approach for managing type 2 diabetes. However, due to the open-label, single-arm design of this pilot study, placebo effects cannot be excluded, and the results require confirmation in randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94141,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism open","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100401"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145221315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between HOMA-IR and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis in U.S. adults with MASLD","authors":"Xiao-Xuan Tang ,&nbsp;Rui Wu ,&nbsp;Jun-Hui Chen ,&nbsp;Feng-Lan Wang ,&nbsp;Sai-Li Zhao ,&nbsp;Jie Lu ,&nbsp;Jian Qin ,&nbsp;Duan-Ming Zhuang ,&nbsp;Bin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2025.100402","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.metop.2025.100402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>MASH is a critical point in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Understanding its association with the Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) is essential, as HOMA-IR is a marker for insulin resistance.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study analyzed 700 adults from the NHANES 2017–2020, using the FAST score (with thresholds of ≥0.35 and ≥ 0.67) to identify individuals at high MASH risk. Logistic regression assessed HOMA-IR's association with MASH risk, while linear regression evaluated its link to liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP). Nonlinear associations were explored using restricted cubic splines (RCS), and BMI's mediation effects were examined through causal mediation analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>MASH risk was significantly higher in the highest HOMA-IR quartile compared to the lowest (OR = 5.942, 95 %CI = 2.117–16.679, P = 0.001). RCS revealed nonlinear associations between HOMA-IR and both MASH risk (P = 0.007) and liver metrics (LSM: P = 0.045; CAP: P &lt; 0.001). HOMA-IR correlated with increased hepatic steatosis and fibrosis severity. BMI mediated 34.26 % and 19.62 % of the associations for LSM and CAP, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Monitoring HOMA-IR is vital for early MASH risk detection and intervention. Targeting insulin resistance and BMI may reduce MASH risk and severity, highlighting the need for integrated therapeutic strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94141,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism open","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100402"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145221316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FDG-PET brain glucose hypometabolism predicts Alzheimer's disease progression pathways in cognitively normal adults: A longitudinal competing risks modeling","authors":"Mustafa S. Alhasan ,&nbsp;Ayman S. Alhasan ,&nbsp;James Milburn ,&nbsp;Mohammed Khalil ,&nbsp;Abdullah Almaghraby ,&nbsp;Omar Alharthi ,&nbsp;Seham Hamoud ,&nbsp;Muhammed Amir Essibayi ,&nbsp;Yasir Hassan Elhassan ,&nbsp;Fabricio Feltrin ,&nbsp;Sumit Singh ,&nbsp;Ahmed Y. Azzam","doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2025.100400","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.metop.2025.100400","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Alzheimer's disease progression follows distinct pathways in cognitively normal individuals: direct conversion to dementia versus sequential decline through mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The metabolic determinants of pathway selection remain unclear, limiting personalized intervention strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed 1136 cognitively normal participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative with baseline fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and longitudinal outcomes over ten years. Competing risks regression modeled pathway-specific transitions, while multinomial logistic regression predicted pathway membership using brain glucose metabolism. Cross-validation assessed pathway classification accuracy across temporal splits.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Four progression pathways were concluded from our analyses, cognitive stability (32.8 %), sequential MCI-only decline (34.9 %), accelerated MCI-to-dementia progression (15.8 %), and rapid direct conversion (16.5 %). Brain glucose hypometabolism determined pathway selection with significant effects: participants with severe hypometabolism (FDG z-score &lt; -0.5) demonstrated 7.4-fold acceleration in direct conversion velocity compared to preserved metabolism (17.12 vs 2.31 per 100 person-years, P-value&lt;0.001). Pathway prediction models achieved excellent discrimination for direct conversion (AUC = 0.994) and acceptable performance for sequential pathways (AUC = 0.680). Metabolic phenotyping demonstrated peculiar vulnerability profiles, cognitive stability maintained metabolic reserve (FDG +0.57 ± 0.58), while rapid converters demonstrated metabolic failure patterns (FDG -0.18 ± 0.88).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Based on our modeling findings, we observed that brain glucose metabolism could serve as a pathway determinant rather than simply a decline predictor, which could play a promising role in precision medicine approaches to Alzheimer's disease prevention. FDG-PET biomarkers can stratify individuals for pathway-specific interventions, transforming reactive dementia care into proactive pathway-guided management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94141,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism open","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100400"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145221314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Berberine's impact on health: Comprehensive biological, pharmacological, and nutritional perspectives","authors":"Parastoo Asghari ,&nbsp;Arvin Babaei ,&nbsp;Nazanin Zamanian ,&nbsp;Elyas Nattagh- Eshtivani","doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2025.100399","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.metop.2025.100399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Berberine (BBR) exhibits significant anti-diabetic effects by enhancing insulin sensitivity, promoting glycolysis, and inhibiting gluconeogenesis. It also shows promise in treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by reducing hepatic fat content and improving liver enzyme levels, lipid profiles, and insulin sensitivity. Studies show that BBR inhibits tumor growth, metastasis, and cell proliferation while inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Additionally, it enhances autophagy, regulates gut microbiota, and boosts the effectiveness of other anti-tumor drugs. Clinical trials indicate that BBR reduces the recurrence of colorectal adenomas and offers radioprotective benefits, although mild side effects such as constipation have been noted. Additionally, BBR's cardiovascular benefits include lowering cholesterol, improving lipid metabolism, and reducing inflammation, thus potentially attenuating the progression of atherosclerosis. Numerous randomized clinical trials have demonstrated BBR's therapeutic efficacy, suggesting that it may be a safe and useful adjuvant treatment for diabetes, NAFLD, cancer, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, we need to acknowledge limitations like low bioavailability and trial heterogeneity, which could affect how well the findings apply more broadly. Notwithstanding these encouraging results, more investigation is required to develop uniform treatment regimens and to completely comprehend the processes underlying the benefits of BBR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94141,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism open","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100399"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145221317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of AMPK signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus with its complications and related metabolic disorders","authors":"Kibur Hunie Tesfa ,&nbsp;Chernet Desalegn Gebeyehu ,&nbsp;Asrat Tadele Ewunetie ,&nbsp;Endalkachew Gugsa ,&nbsp;Amare Nigatu Zewdie ,&nbsp;Gashaw Dessie ,&nbsp;Hiwot Tezera Endale","doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2025.100397","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.metop.2025.100397","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most common group of metabolic disorders in the world, characterized by hyperglycemia that leads to severe short-term complications such as ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic coma, and long-term microvascular complications that affect the eye, kidney, and nerves. Type 2 diabetes occurs due to resistance to insulin. AMPK (adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase) is an energy radar that controls various metabolic and physiological processes. It is dysregulated in major chronic diseases, such as diabetes. The focus of this review is on understanding the role of AMPK in type 2 diabetes mellitus, which helps ameliorate hyperglycemia and its complications. Medications for T2DM are designed to upregulate the AMPK signaling pathway to improve its microvascular and macrovascular complications. AMPK signaling interacts with PGC-1, PI3K/Akt, NOX4, NF-κB, and other molecular pathways to produce such protective effects. Thus, AMPK is emerging as one of the most auspicious targets for both the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Hence, this review focuses on the recent evidence of the role of AMPK signaling in type 2 diabetes mellitus pathogenesis and how to circumvent its complications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94141,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism open","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100397"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145121233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The moderating role of vitamin E in the association between PFAS exposures and diabetes risk: Evidence from the NHANES 2017–2018","authors":"Junjie Chang,&nbsp;Zhehua Zhou,&nbsp;Weiwei Hong,&nbsp;Shuting Li,&nbsp;Ze Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2025.100395","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.metop.2025.100395","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widely used in various manufacturing processes due to their exceptional chemical stability and hydrophobic properties. However, these substances tend to bioaccumulate in the environment and human tissues, posing significant health risks, including endocrine disruption, immune system impairment, and an increased risk of diabetes. Vitamin E, a powerful antioxidant, may potentially attenuate the adverse effects of PFAS on glucose metabolism. Therefore, we utilized data from the 2017–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), which includes measurements of vitamin E content in a subset of participants, to explore the relationship between PFAS exposures, vitamin E levels, and diabetes risk. Our analysis revealed significant variations in PFAS concentrations across different demographic groups, with males and older individuals exhibiting higher PFAS levels. Elevated PFAS concentrations were associated with an increased risk of diabetes, while vitamin E (specifically alpha-tocopherol) exhibited significant interaction effects with PFAS, modulating blood glucose levels. These findings provide compelling evidence linking PFAS exposures to diabetes risk and highlight the potential moderating role of vitamin E in mitigating PFAS-induced metabolic disturbances. Future research should focus on elucidating the underlying biological mechanisms through which PFAS exert their adverse effects and vitamin E exerts its protective actions, as well as conducting longitudinal studies to establish causality and further explore the complex interplay between PFAS exposures, antioxidant status, and metabolic health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94141,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism open","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100395"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A nonlinear, causal link between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and prolactin in type 2 diabetes: Evidence from clinical and Mendelian randomization analyses","authors":"Jing He ,&nbsp;Ying-chuan Yin ,&nbsp;Wang Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiao-hong Shi ,&nbsp;Cui-ling Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2025.100393","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.metop.2025.100393","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasingly prevalent and often accompanied by vitamin D insufficiency. Prolactin, once considered solely lactogenic, has emerged as a metabolic regulator, yet its relationship with vitamin D in T2DM remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a cross-sectional study of 221 male T2DM patients aged 25–75 years recruited between January 2022 and December 2024. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and prolactin were measured, defining vitamin D sufficiency as ≥ 20 ng/mL. Associations were evaluated using group comparisons, Spearman correlation and multivariable regression adjusting for confounders. Restricted cubic splines assessed nonlinearity and thresholds. Causality was examined via Mendelian randomization employing 227 25(OH)D-associated variants.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Vitamin D deficiency affected 59.7 % of participants. Median prolactin levels were higher in vitamin D-sufficient than in deficient patients. Serum 25(OH)D correlated positively with prolactin and remained significant after adjustment. Spline analysis suggested a nonlinear relationship with an inflection of 18.48 ng/mL: below this threshold prolactin decreased as 25(OH)D increased, whereas above it prolactin rose steeply. Mendelian randomization provided evidence for a causal association: the inverse variance weighted estimate was non-significant, but MR-Egger and weighted median analyses indicated a significant link without pleiotropy or heterogeneity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings demonstrate a nonlinear, threshold-dependent association between vitamin D status and prolactin in male T2DM. Levels of 25(OH)D at 18.48 ng/mL were associated with suppressed prolactin, while sufficient concentrations enhanced prolactin, suggesting that maintaining adequate vitamin D may modulate prolactin and benefit metabolic outcomes. Further research is warranted to validate these observations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94141,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism open","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100393"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145009940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiometabolic risk profiles in subclinical hypothyroidism, and the potential impact of statin therapy: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study","authors":"Dimitrios Tsilingiris ,&nbsp;Theodora Stratigou ,&nbsp;Dimitrios Kounatidis ,&nbsp;Natalia G. Vallianou ,&nbsp;Irene Karampela ,&nbsp;Maria Dalamaga","doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2025.100394","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.metop.2025.100394","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) has been linked to an increased cardiovascular risk, though the specific contributing factors remain unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We studied 120 consecutive adults with SH and 120 euthyroid controls matched for age, gender, and date of blood draw. Smoking status did not differ between groups. Groups were compared on clinical and laboratory data, lipid, insulin resistance (IR), glycemic, and liver steatosis/fibrosis indices, 10-year and lifetime cardiovascular risk (SCORE2, LIFE-CVD), as well as atherogenic and additional markers (lipoprotein(a), homocysteine, fibrinogen, highly sensitive C-reactive protein, apolipoproteins A1/B). A subset of individuals with SH and ≥TSH ≥10 mIU/L (n = 16) was followed up after L-thyroxine supplementation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>SH subjects had a more adverse cardiovascular profile, with worse lipid, glycemic, IR, and hepatic markers, and higher 10-year (5.3 % vs. 4.1 % and 3.8 % vs. 2.8 %) and lifetime (28.5 % vs. 23.0 %) cardiovascular risk (all p &lt; 0.05). Complementary markers were also elevated in SH (p &lt; 0.01). Estimated absolute risk reductions from atorvastatin 20 mg were greater in SH (1.3 % vs. 0.9 % p = 0.008 and 7.7 % vs. 6.2 %, p &lt; 0.001). The differences were more pronounced in severe SH (TSH ≥10). L-thyroxine led to modest risk amelioration (−0.21 % and −1.18 %), primarily owing to total/LDL cholesterol reductions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>SH is linked to a more adverse cardiovascular, metabolic and hepatic profile, indicating its potential as a candidate risk modifier. Intensive risk factor management is warranted, along with L-thyroxine supplementation in selected cases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94141,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism open","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100394"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145007661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Onward and upward: Celebrating a landmark achievement for Metabolism Open","authors":"Maria Dalamaga MD, MSc, MPH, PhD (Co-Editor-in-Chief Metabolism Open),&nbsp;Junli Liu PhD (Co-Editor-in-Chief Metabolism Open)","doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2025.100379","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.metop.2025.100379","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94141,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism open","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100379"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145048577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Effectiveness of continuous glucose monitoring systems on glycemic control in adults with type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis” [Metabol. Open 27 (2025) 100382]","authors":"Salya F. Alfadli ,&nbsp;Yazeed S. Alotaibi ,&nbsp;Maha J. Aqdi ,&nbsp;Latifah A. Almozan ,&nbsp;Zahra B. Alzubaidi ,&nbsp;Hammad A. Altemani ,&nbsp;Lama S. Alrashidi ,&nbsp;Shaden D. Almutairi ,&nbsp;Hussain A. Alabdullah ,&nbsp;Alaa A. Almehmadi ,&nbsp;Abdulrahman L. Alanzi ,&nbsp;Ahmed Y. Azzam","doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2025.100383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.metop.2025.100383","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94141,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism open","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100383"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145049335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}