Metabolism open最新文献

{"title":"Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms and risk for polycystic ovary syndrome and infertility: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Roozbeh Heidarzadehpilehrood ,&nbsp;Habibah Abdul Hamid ,&nbsp;Maryam Pirhoushiaran","doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2024.100343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.metop.2024.100343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms have been implicated in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Despite VDR gene polymorphisms importance and their risk for PCOS, they have not been extensively studied. The main objective was to evaluate the associations between VDR gene polymorphisms and risk for PCOS.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The current systematic review and meta-analysis examined VDR gene polymorphisms with PCOS in case-control and cohort studies. Relevant keywords were used to search Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed publications until July 1, 2024. Selected papers were assessed for risk bias and quality using the Modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale. A meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effect model. The association between VDR gene polymorphism(s) and PCOS in women was reported as odds ratios (ORs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twenty eligible studies, including 5618 subjects, were included in systematic review and meta-analysis. This study revealed a significant association between <em>Apa</em>I (rs7975232; OR = 1.18, 95 % CI = 1.06–1.30, <em>p &lt; 0.01</em>), <em>Bsm</em>I (rs1544410; OR = 1.22, 95 % CI = 1.08–1.37, <em>p &lt; 0.01),</em> Cdx2 (rs11568820; OR = 1.15, 95 % CI = 0.97–1.38, <em>p &lt; 0.01</em>), and <em>Taq</em>I (rs731236; OR = 1.25, 95 % CI = 1.13–1.39, <em>p &lt; 0.01</em>). However, there was no significant association in the <em>Fok</em>I (rs22228570; OR = 1.01, 95 % CI = 0.91–1.112, <em>p = 0.12</em>) polymorphism with PCOS risk.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The present systematic review and meta-analysis shows that women with <em>Apa</em>I, <em>Bsm</em>I, Cdx2, and <em>Taq</em>I VDR gene polymorphisms may have a higher risk of PCOS. This study was registered on the Prospective International Registry of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) with registration number CRD42024564851.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94141,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100343"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11764755/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143049345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autoimmune protocol diet: A personalized elimination diet for patients with autoimmune diseases","authors":"Eleni C. Pardali ,&nbsp;Arriana Gkouvi ,&nbsp;Kalliopi K. Gkouskou ,&nbsp;Anastasios C. Manolakis ,&nbsp;Christina Tsigalou ,&nbsp;Dimitrios G. Goulis ,&nbsp;Dimitrios P. Bogdanos ,&nbsp;Maria G. Grammatikopoulou","doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2024.100342","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.metop.2024.100342","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The autoimmune protocol diet (AIP) is a personalized elimination diet that aims to determine and exclude the foods that might trigger immune responses, leading to inflammation and symptomatology associated with autoimmune diseases. Focusing on gut health and the importance of the gut microbiome in immune regulation and overall well-being, the AIP starts by eliminating foods that might create negative effects on the patients and continues by developing a personalized and tailored diet plan for them. This comprehensive approach aims to mitigate symptoms and improve quality of life of individuals with autoimmune conditions. This review presents and critically appraises current knowledge on the AIP protocol, highlight any oversights, and discuss findings from relevant clinical trials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94141,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100342"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11755016/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143030657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strict vegetarian diet and pregnancy outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Theopisti Papadopoulou,&nbsp;Antigoni Sarantaki,&nbsp;Dimitra Metallinou,&nbsp;Ermioni Palaska,&nbsp;Christina Nanou,&nbsp;Athina Diamanti","doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2024.100338","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.metop.2024.100338","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The increasing adoption of strict vegetarian diets during pregnancy has raised concerns about their effects on maternal and neonatal outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the impact of strict vegetarian diets on key pregnancy outcomes, including neonatal birth weight, small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), hypertensive disorders, and gestational weight gain (GWG).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A comprehensive literature search across multiple databases yielded eight studies from various countries, involving a total of 72,284 participants. Primary outcomes included neonatal birth weight, SGA, preterm birth, GDM, and maternal hypertensive disorders.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The meta-analysis found that strict vegetarian diets were significantly associated with an increased risk of delivering SGA infants, with a pooled odds ratio (OR) of 2.71 (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.24 to 5.95; <em>p</em> = 0.01). Additionally, infants born to strict vegetarian mothers had lower birth weights, with some studies reporting a mean difference of 240g compared to omnivores. For GDM, no significant differences were found between strict vegetarians and omnivores, with a pooled OR of 0.64 (95 % CI: 0.37 to 1.11; <em>p</em> = 0.11). While vegans showed lower gestational weight gain and reduced risk of excessive weight gain, there was considerable heterogeneity in results regarding hypertensive disorders and preterm birth.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Strict vegetarian diets during pregnancy are associated with an increased risk of SGA infants and lower birth weights. To mitigate these risks, specific dietary guidelines emphasizing adequate intake of critical nutrients such as vitamin B12, iron, omega-3 fatty acids, and iodine should be developed. Supplementation and tailored dietary counseling, incorporating fortified foods and plant-based sources like legumes, nuts, seeds, and algae-derived omega-3, are essential to ensure maternal and neonatal health. Further research is necessary to refine these guidelines and explore their impact on diverse populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94141,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100338"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11699472/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142934158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do oxidized low-density lipoproteins link to extra hepatic manifestations in chronic, non-cirrhotic HCV patients?","authors":"Dina Johar ,&nbsp;Ahmed Hamed Bedair El-Assal ,&nbsp;Mahmoud Mohamed Abou-El-Makarem ,&nbsp;Essam Foad A. Hammouda ,&nbsp;Mohamed Soliman Hegazy ,&nbsp;Samy Zaky","doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2024.100339","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.metop.2024.100339","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Tissue damage by viral hepatitis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Oxidation reactions and reactive oxygen species (ROS) transform proteins and lipids in plasma low-density lipoproteins (LDL) into the abnormal oxidized LDL (ox-LDL). Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection induces oxidative/nitrosative stress from multiple sources, including the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), the mitochondrial electron transport chain, hepatocyte NAD(P)H oxidases (NOX enzymes), and inflammation. Further, HCV decreases reduced glutathione (GSH) synthesis and regeneration.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Cross-section.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>to quantify ox-LDL in serum of chronic non-cirrhotic HCV patients, and to assess ox-LDL association with HCV-induced extra hepatic manifestations.</div></div><div><h3>Patients and methods</h3><div>Twenty chronic, non-cirrhotic HCV female patients with extra hepatic manifestations, twenty chronic, non-cirrhotic female HCV patients without extra hepatic manifestations and twenty healthy age, sex matched controls.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Serum was used for determination of liver function tests, ox-LDL and the extracellular antioxidant enzyme Superoxide Dismutase EC CuZn-SOD.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Patients with extra hepatic manifestations had statistically higher ox-LDL (76.63 ± 6.86 μg/L) than patients without extra hepatic manifestations (63.05 ± 6.6 μg/L) <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001, and both patient groups had higher ox-LDL levels than the control group (44.1 ± 4.1 μg/L) <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001. EC CuZn-SOD correlated negatively with ox-LDL in HCV patients with extra hepatic manifestation only.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Extra hepatic manifestations were not risk for anthropometric changes seen with HCV infection. Extra hepatic manifestations were associated with high serum ox-LDL. High serum levels of ox-LDL associated with- or were due to deregulated expression of serum EC CuZn-SOD in chronic HCV patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94141,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100339"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11714377/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142960789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Ficus exasperata on neurotransmission and expression of BDNF, tau, ACHE and BACE in diabetic rats","authors":"Olorunsola Israel Adeyomoye ,&nbsp;Juliana Bunmi Adetunji ,&nbsp;Olugbemi Temitope Olaniyan ,&nbsp;Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji ,&nbsp;Ogunmiluyi Oluwafunmbi Ebenezer","doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2024.100333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.metop.2024.100333","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic disorder, has significant global health implications, particularly due to its neurological complications, such as diabetic neuropathy. This condition increases the risk of neurodegenerative diseases by affecting peripheral nerves and cognition. <em>Ficus exasperata</em>, known for its neuroprotective properties, shows promise as a therapeutic option for addressing these complications. This study evaluates the effects of methanol extract of <em>Ficus exasperata</em> (MEFE) on neurotransmission and the expression of Tau, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), acetylcholinesterase (ACHE), and Beta-Site Amyloid Precursor Protein Cleaving Enzyme (BACE) in alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats. The controlled experimental design involved 20 Wistar rats divided into four groups (n = 5): control, diabetic untreated, diabetes + MEFE (200 mg/kg), and diabetes + insulin (0.3 IU). The methanol extract was prepared using cold maceration, and an aliquot was subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Constituents of MEFE were docked with neurologic receptors. Blood glucose levels were measured using the glucose oxidase method, and neurotransmitter levels, antioxidants, oxidative stress markers, and the expression of Tau, BDNF, ACHE, and BACE were assessed using standard procedures and qRT-PCR. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA at P &lt; 0.05. Results indicated that MEFE significantly reduced fasting blood glucose levels compared to untreated diabetic rats. <em>In silico</em> docking identified kaur-16-ene, a constituent of MEFE, as having the highest binding affinity for NMDA, TrkB, mAchR and nAchR receptors, indicating its neuroprotective potential. MEFE also enhanced antioxidant enzyme levels (SOD, GPx, catalase) while reducing oxidative stress markers (MDA, 8-OHdG). Gene expression analysis revealed that MEFE modulates the expression of Tau, BDNF, ACHE, and BACE, suggesting its potential to influence neurodegenerative pathways associated with diabetic neuropathy. <em>Ficus exasperata</em> demonstrates significant therapeutic potential in managing diabetic neuropathy and related cognitive impairments by modulating neurotransmission, protein expression, and antioxidant defenses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94141,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism open","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100333"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting cardiolipin metabolism for Parkinson's disease therapy","authors":"Junli Liu,&nbsp;Maria Dalamaga","doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2024.100327","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.metop.2024.100327","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94141,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism open","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100327"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fish oil attenuates the expression of the CCL2 chemokine and histone-modifying enzymes in LPS-stimulated human preadipocytes","authors":"Jussara de Jesus Simão ,&nbsp;Andressa França de Sousa Bispo ,&nbsp;Victor Tadeu Gonçalves Plata ,&nbsp;Ana Beatriz Marques Abel ,&nbsp;Monica Marques Telles ,&nbsp;Lucia Maria Armelin-Correa ,&nbsp;Maria Isabel Cardoso Alonso-Vale","doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2024.100336","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.metop.2024.100336","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In obesity, C-C chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) plays a critical role in recruiting macrophages to white adipose tissue (WAT), contributing to chronic inflammation. In this study, we sought to explore the effects of fish oil (FO) on CCL2 expression and histone (H3K27)-modifying enzymes in both human model of preadipocytes and primary adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs). Present findings in preadipocytes lineage evidenced that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) increased <em>TNF-alpha</em> (∼5.8-fold) and <em>CCL2</em> (∼3.8-fold) expression, modulating H3K27 modifying enzymes expression, including KDM6B and EP300. FO, in turn, significantly attenuated LPS-induced <em>CCL2</em> expression and secretion and downregulated <em>KDM6B</em> and <em>EP300</em>, elucidating an important mechanism of action involved in the anti-inflammatory role of FO. We next isolated mature hypertrophied adipocytes from patient with overweight and exposed to LPS, resulting in increased <em>CCL2/MCP-1</em> (∼3.8-fold) and <em>TNF-alpha</em> (∼4.5-fold) expression, effects significantly attenuated by FO. We also generated adipocyte-conditioned medium (ACM) and exposed ASCs to LPS or ACM for up to 72 h to assess CCL2/MCP-1 secretion. ACM from hypertrophied adipocytes stimulated increased <em>CCL2/MCP-1</em> expression, which was partially reduced by FO. LPS treatment of primary ASCs led to a marked increase in CCL2 secretion, which was completely abolished by FO after 6 h, highlighting its potent anti-inflammatory effect. After 72 h, FO consistently maintained lower levels of CCL2, even during sustained inflammatory stimulation, underscoring its ability to modulate chronic inflammation. Additionally, the inhibition of NF-κB with JSH-23 mimicked the effects of FO on <em>CCL2</em> expression, further suggesting that the anti-inflammatory actions of FO may involve NF-κB signaling. In conclusion, FO attenuates CCL2 expression and secretion in both preadipocytes and ASCs, providing evidence of its potential in modulating inflammation in WAT progenitor cells by modulating histone-modifying enzymes and inflammatory pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94141,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism open","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100336"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11665696/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142883968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Higher levels of plasmatic saturated fatty acid were significantly associated with liver fibrosis in HIV mono-infection: A case-control study","authors":"Cristiane Fonseca de Almeida ,&nbsp;Wilza Arantes Ferreira Peres ,&nbsp;Paula Simplício da Silva ,&nbsp;Claudia Santos de Aguiar Cardoso ,&nbsp;Michelle Morata de Andrade ,&nbsp;Julio Castro-Alves ,&nbsp;Marcel de Souza Borges Quintana ,&nbsp;Marina Campos Araujo ,&nbsp;Karla Yasmin Dias Fraga ,&nbsp;Julliana Antunes Cormack ,&nbsp;Ronaldo Ismerio Moreira ,&nbsp;Sandra W. Cardoso ,&nbsp;Valdilea G. Veloso ,&nbsp;Beatriz Grinsztejn ,&nbsp;Patricia Dias de Brito ,&nbsp;Hugo Perazzo","doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2024.100334","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.metop.2024.100334","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The relationship between plasmatic fatty acid (FA) composition and liver fibrosis remains scarce in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). We aimed to evaluate the association of plasmatic FAs and liver fibrosis in HIV mono-infected individuals.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This case-control study included PLWHA with liver fibrosis (cases) and randomly selected subjects without fibrosis (controls) from the PROSPEC-HIV study (NCT02542020). Participants with viral hepatitis, abusive alcohol consumption and lipid supplements use were excluded. Liver fibrosis was defined using transient elastography (TE) by liver stiffness measurement (LSM) ≥ 7.1 kPa or ≥ 6.2 kPa with M or XL probe, respectively. All HIV mono-infected participants with liver fibrosis identified at the baseline PROSPEC-HIV visit were included. Controls (1:1) were randomly selected among those HIV mono-infected participants without liver fibrosis. Plasmatic FA profile, dietary lipid intake, anthropometric measures, and blood samples were assessed. Plasmatic fatty acid was analyzed using gas chromatography and intake of fats lipids were assessed by two 24-h dietary recall (24-HDR). Multivariate logistic regression models adjusted by age, sex at birth and duration of antiretroviral therapy (ART) were performed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 142 participants (71 cases and 71 controls) [62 % female, median age = 46 (IQR, 37–53) years, 14.8 % with diabetes, median CD4 count = 655 cells/mm3, 96.5 % under ART] were included. Higher percentages of plasmatic palmitc acid (16:0) and saturated fatty acids (SFA) were observed in participants with liver fibrosis (cases) compared to those without (controls). Presence of higher percentage of plasmatic palmitc acid (16:0) was associated with an increased odds for liver fibrosis [adjusted OR = 1.23 (95%CI 1.04–1.46); p = 0.02] in multivariate models.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study showed the potential role of the plasmatic FA composition in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis in PLWHA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94141,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism open","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100334"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11664064/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142883363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering the mechanisms and effects of hyperglycemia on skeletal muscle atrophy","authors":"Khushboo Gaur ,&nbsp;Lucy Mohapatra ,&nbsp;Pranay Wal ,&nbsp;Amana Parveen ,&nbsp;Shivam Kumar ,&nbsp;Vaishali Gupta","doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2024.100332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.metop.2024.100332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hyperglycemia, a hallmark of diabetes mellitus, significantly contributes to skeletal muscle atrophy, characterized by progressive muscle mass and strength loss. This review summarizes the mechanisms of hyperglycemia-induced muscle atrophy, examines clinical evidence, and discusses preventive and therapeutic strategies. A systematic search of electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, was conducted to identify relevant papers on hyperglycemic skeletal muscle atrophy. Key mechanisms include insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Crucial molecular pathways involved are Phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Protein kinase B signaling, Forkhead box O transcription factors, the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and myostatin-mediated degradation. Hyperglycemia disrupts normal glucose and lipid metabolism, exacerbating muscle protein degradation and impairing synthesis. Clinical studies support the association between hyperglycemia and muscle atrophy, emphasizing the need for early diagnosis and intervention. Biomarkers, imaging techniques, and functional tests are vital for detecting and monitoring muscle atrophy in hyperglycemic patients. Management strategies focus on glycemic control, pharmacological interventions targeting specific molecular pathways, nutritional support, and tailored exercise regimens. Despite these advances, research gaps remain in understanding the long-term impact of hyperglycemia on muscle health and identifying novel therapeutic targets. The review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms, clinical implications, and potential therapeutic strategies for addressing hyperglycemia-induced skeletal muscle atrophy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94141,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism open","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100332"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outdoor environment and obesity: A review of current evidence","authors":"Evangelia A. Polyzou ,&nbsp;Stergios A. Polyzos","doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2024.100331","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.metop.2024.100331","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Obesity is a global epidemic whose management needs long-term, preventive measures. Since the outdoor environment has been linked with obesity, this review aims to summarize data on this association, which may potentially bear clinical implication in the future, i.e., to affect obesity trends by changing the outdoor environment. In this regard, there are increasing data linking obesity with green and open spaces, walkable and bikeable areas, and accessibility to affordable healthy foods and fresh drinking water. Most studies have shown an inverse association of obesity with the availability of safe outdoor green and open spaces, which favor physical activity. Physical activity also seems to be favored by the greater availability of a variety of portable play equipment and the presence of certain fixed playground equipment. The presence of pedestrian walks and aids was also associated with lower rates of obesity, whereas higher proportion of streets was associated with less outdoor activity and higher rates of obesity. Furthermore, higher accessibility and new infrastructure for walking and cycling was associated with greater physical activity and lower rates of obesity. It seems that longer walkable and cyclable areas favor safe walk or ride a bike to work, play or shop, thus lowering the rates of obesity. Moreover, the accessibility to affordable healthy foods and fresh drinking water, and lower consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages have been linked to lower rates of obesity. In this regard, the restriction in public advertisements of unhealthy food and sugar-sweetened beverages may play a certain role towards this direction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94141,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism open","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100331"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}