Journal of materials chemistry. B最新文献

{"title":"Nanotechnology-based strategies for overcoming clinical limitations of PROTACs in cancer therapy.","authors":"Hanhee Cho, Jinseong Kim, Hoyeon Lee, Hyein Kang, Kwangmeyung Kim","doi":"10.1039/d5tb01162k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5tb01162k","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) have emerged as a promising next-generation therapeutic modality by enabling complete degradation of target proteins rather than transient inhibition. However, increasing clinical studies have reported adverse effects of PROTACs that resemble those observed with conventional small-molecule drugs, highlighting the need for strategies to improve tumor specificity and reduce systemic toxicity. To overcome these limitations, tumor-targeted approaches have attracted considerable attention, particularly through the development of triggered-activatable PROTACs and advanced delivery systems. In this review, we introduce recent advances in stimuli-activatable PROTACs, including those responsive to pH, enzymatic activity, and external stimuli, as well as nanotechnology-based delivery platforms such as lipid-, polymer-, albumin-, and peptide-based systems. These developments with hybrid systems are expected to facilitate the clinical translation of PROTACs by providing spatially controlled and tumor-specific therapeutic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":94089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials chemistry. B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145152544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Degradable gemini quaternary ammonium salts for wound sterilization: an antibiotic-free strategy.","authors":"Yuansong Sun, Yue Su, Zhengyang Zhou, Huan Zhou, Pengpeng Chen","doi":"10.1039/d5tb00503e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5tb00503e","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacterial infected wounds can lead to inflammation, chronic complications and even death if left untreated. In 2019, common bacterial infections were the second leading cause of death worldwide, contributing to one in eight deaths worldwide. Therefore, disinfection of the wound area is particularly important, and the traditional method is to use antibiotics for treatment. However, after a long-term unscientific use of antibiotics, bacteria have developed resistance, and the efficacy of antibiotics has become much lower than before. In our previous work, gemini quaternary ammonium salts (GQASs) were used as a promising alternative to antibiotics for disinfection of water bodies. In this work, we have selected a series of GQASs with relatively good bactericidal ability and toxicity for daily disinfection of bacterial infected wounds in mice. Among them, Q_14-4-14 can promote wound healing while clearing bacterial infection and exhibits appropriate biotoxicity and very low hemolysis at corresponding concentrations. Overall, Q_14-4-14 is a promising disinfectant that promotes skin regeneration and eliminates bacterial infections without the need for additional light exposure or complex systems, providing a simple antibiotic-free strategy for treating skin wounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":94089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials chemistry. B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145152567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glassy organic dots exhibiting near-infrared TADF with quantum yields >40% for cellular imaging.","authors":"Xujun Qiu, André Jung, Angelica Sevilla-Pym, Peiqi Hu, Stefan Bräse, Zachary M Hudson","doi":"10.1039/d5tb01740h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5tb01740h","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Near-infrared (NIR) thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) imaging integrates the benefits of both NIR emission and TADF mechanisms, offering enhanced sensitivity and deeper tissue penetration while enabling time-resolved imaging for biological and medical applications. In this study, we synthesized and studied a donor-acceptor (D-A) type TADF emitter, 7,8-bis(4-(di([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)amino)phenyl)phenazine-2,3-dicarbonitrile (DPPZ), which exhibits strong NIR fluorescence. The photophysical properties of DPPZ were characterized in both toluene and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) films. In degassed toluene, DPPZ displayed a maximum emission peak at 724 nm with a high photoluminescence quantum yield (<i>Φ</i>_PL) of 54.4%, while maintaining a <i>Φ</i>_PL of 43.9% in PMMA film under aerated conditions. Upon encapsulation into glassy organic dots (g-Odots), the emitter retained its NIR emission, a <i>Φ</i>_PL of 40.1%, and a notably long delayed lifetime (<i>τ</i>_d) of up to 225.5 μs. These NIR-emissive g-Odots were subsequently applied for lysosome-targeted bioimaging in HeLa cells, demonstrating their potential as effective probes for subcellular imaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":94089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials chemistry. B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145152556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering patterned tumor microtissues in 3D microwells <i>via</i> stress relaxation-regulated cell-matrix interactions.","authors":"Longjie Li, Weiran Qin, Jing Xie","doi":"10.1039/d5tb01526j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5tb01526j","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The geometric architecture of solid tumors is correlated with tumor progression. <i>In vivo</i> studies reveal that non-spherical tumors with high interfacial curvature facilitate cell detachment and invasion while precisely recapitulating these geometric features and constructing 3D patterned tumor microtissues <i>in vitro</i> remains challenging. While tumor spheroids and scaffold-based cell assemblies enable 3D microtissue modeling, limitations in spherical homogeneity and scaffold confinement hinder the investigation of the relationship between the geometrical complexity and physiological development. In this study, we developed a standardized method to engineer 3D patterned tumor microtissues using alginate gel-based microwells with precisely controlled geometries and mechanical properties. Up to 85% of microtissues formed in slow-relaxing microwells (<i>τ</i>_1/2 = 1710 ± 120 s) achieved well-defined stable architectures with uniform cell distribution and high cellular proliferation. Conversely, fast-relaxing microwells (<i>τ</i>_1/2 = 392 ± 35 s) induced structural collapse in 81% of microtissues and decreased cellular proliferation by 27%, exhibiting edge-accumulated cells and central cavitation. This difference was determined by stress relaxation-mediated changes between cadherin-mediated cell-cell cohesion and integrin-mediated cell-matrix adhesion, where fast relaxation amplified integrin-dependent actomyosin overexpression by 2.9-fold. Notably, actomyosin inhibition reduced integrin expression and rescued the microtissue formation across stress relaxation regimes. Our findings highlighted the crucial role of stress relaxation in regulating adhesion-driven multicellular organization and established a standardized 3D tumor platform for investigating the influence of tumor geometries on tumor progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":94089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials chemistry. B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145152588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineered nanomedicine targets liver cancer stem cells to treat liver cancer disease.","authors":"Fenglan Huang, Li Chen, Xin Zhang, Shengqian Tian, Yuxin Han, Minghui Hu, Lili He, Rong Luo","doi":"10.1039/d5tb01278c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5tb01278c","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) are a population of cells with self-renewal and self-differentiation capacities, widely recognized as critical for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Accordingly, eliminating LCSCs is considered a viable strategy for HCC treatment. However, conventional chemotherapy and radiation therapy struggle to eradicate LCSCs, underscoring the critical need for LCSC-targeted therapies. Nanotechnology offers unique advantages for LCSC targeting <i>via</i> the selective delivery of drugs to tumor sites. Various engineered nanomedicines-including polymeric nanoparticles, biological nanomaterials, and inorganic nanoparticles-have been developed for their elimination. This article primarily reviews the biological concepts and biomarkers of LCSCs. In addition, it summarizes various strategies for targeting LCSCs using engineered nanomedicines.</p>","PeriodicalId":94089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials chemistry. B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145152576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid methacrylated PCL/inulin photosensitive resins for 3D printing: a step forward in bone tissue engineering.","authors":"Carmela Tommasino, Carla Sardo, Angiola Guidone, Maria Grazia Raucci, Anna Mariano, Alessandra Soriente, Rita Patrizia Aquino, Matthew P Wylie, Giulia Auriemma, Dimitrios A Lamprou","doi":"10.1039/d5tb01262g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5tb01262g","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study addresses the need for innovative, biocompatible photopolymerizable resins for resin-based 3D printing (3DP) in bone tissue engineering (BTE). A new class of hybrid resins was developed by combining polycaprolactone trimethacrylate (PCLTMA) of two molecular weights with methacrylated inulin (INUMA) at varying concentrations. This strategy aimed to overcome the hydrophobicity and slow degradation of PCL by introducing a more hydrophilic and bioactive component, while maintaining high printability. The resins were characterized and processed into macroporous scaffolds <i>via</i> stereolithography (SLA). The resulting scaffolds were evaluated for dimensional accuracy, surface topography, mechanical properties, wettability, swelling, and degradation. Biological performance was assessed using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and SAOS-2 cells, focusing on cytocompatibility, cell adhesion and osteogenic potential. Results showed that scaffold properties could be tuned by varying PCLTMA molecular weight and INUMA content. Specifically, decreasing PCLTMA molecular weight enhanced crosslinking density and mechanical strength, while increasing INUMA content improved wettability, swelling capacity, and biodegradability. All scaffolds demonstrated good cytocompatibility and supported hMSCs adhesion, confirming suitability for biomedical use. Furthermore, an optimized drug-eluting scaffold incorporating raloxifene hydrochloride (RAL) was developed, achieving uniform drug distribution and a sustained release profile for potential application in localized osteoporosis therapy. This study advances the design of photopolymerizable resins for SLA-based scaffold fabrication. It highlights how the integration of components with different physical and chemical properties can lead to homogeneous hybrid biomaterials that address the limitations of individual components. These findings lay a strong foundation for enhancing resin-based 3DP technologies in BTE and regenerative medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":94089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials chemistry. B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145139887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical framework for the kinetics and thermodynamics of cargo loading into affinity hydrogels.","authors":"Ruhanesh Suthan, Ian Keen Koo, Xin Wang, K B Goh","doi":"10.1039/d5tb00989h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5tb00989h","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite significant attention directed toward affinity hydrogels as promising platforms for the controlled storage of therapeutic molecular cargo, the loading process remains incompletely understood. Notably, the direct link between surface-level binding interactions and bulk cargo uptake into these hydrogels remains unresolved. Here, we propose a coupling framework for the interplay between microscopic polymer-cargo interfacial interactions and macroscopic bulk uptake dynamics. In contrast to conventional empirical models, our approach explicitly integrates cargo-polymer interaction, enabling the identification of performance limits. Kinetically, we resolve the characteristic loading time as the system transitions between bulk-dominated and hydrogel-dominated kinetic regimes as a function of polymer-cargo binding affinity. Thermodynamically, we demonstrate that cargo permeability within the hydrogel is governed by the product of equilibrium partitioning and diffusivity, thereby revealing water-mediated modulation of cargo uptake efficacy. Collectively, by bridging microscale interactions with macroscale system behavior governing molecular cargo loading in affinity hydrogels, we re-highlight their potential as promising therapeutic storage as well as delivery platforms.</p>","PeriodicalId":94089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials chemistry. B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145139855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimodal sponge-based wearable sensor for continuous monitoring of electrochemical and electrophysiological signals during exercise.","authors":"Yue Li, Xuejie Wang, Yu-Chun Lin, Asmita Veronica, Hnin Yin Yin Nyein","doi":"10.1039/d5tb01538c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5tb01538c","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing demand for non-invasive wearable technologies in sports science to track athletic performance has heightened interest in multimodal systems that continuously monitor both physical and biochemical signals. These integrated platforms overcome the limitations of traditional invasive and fragmented monitoring methods, providing comprehensive physiological datasets for a holistic performance assessment. This work introduces a fully flexible epidermal patch utilizing three-dimensional multi-wall carbon nanotube-polydimethylsiloxane sponge electrodes embedded inside skin-conformal microfluidics. The sponge design facilitates electrochemical sensing of sweat glucose and lactate-critical biomarkers for endurance evaluation, while also integrating biophysical sensors for on-demand electrocardiogram and electromyogram acquisition. The three-dimensional porous architecture enhances the electroactive surface area and maintains strain-invariant electrical properties during deformation, ensuring sensitive and accurate signal output. Furthermore, the polydimethylsiloxane-based sponge framework allows for seamless room-temperature integration with silicone substrates without a bonding procedure. Validation during physical exercise demonstrated the synchronous monitoring of muscular activity, cardiac rhythm, and sweat glucose/lactate concentrations. This multimodal platform holds significant potential for establishing correlations between sweat biomarkers and physiological states, ultimately enabling the optimization of athletic performance in real-world settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":94089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials chemistry. B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145133272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of π-extended CinNapht fluorophores <i>via</i> late-stage Pd-catalyzed C-N and C-C bond formation and application for selective imaging of lipid droplets in living cells.","authors":"Eléonore Tacke, Philippe Durand, Arnaud Chevalier","doi":"10.1039/d5tb01877c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5tb01877c","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report the efficient synthesis of a 4'-brominated CinNapht scaffold, enabling late-stage functionalization <i>via</i> palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. This strategy granted access to 17 novel derivatives, including the first <i>N</i>-acetyl, <i>N</i>-carbamoyl, and <i>N</i>-aryl analogues, as well as entirely new C-C bonded structures <i>via</i> Suzuki-Miyaura, Heck, and Sonogashira couplings. These unprecedented modifications expand the π-conjugated system and tune the emission properties. Two of these fluorophores were successfully applied as selective probes for lipid droplet imaging in live cells, demonstrating the potential of this approach for biological sensing.</p>","PeriodicalId":94089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials chemistry. B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145132576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smart invisible shield: colorless, durable and self-defending contact lens nanocoating combats keratitis on demand.","authors":"Chenwei Sun, Lin Li, Zeyu Yang, Yi Guo, Jieyu Zhang, Xuefeng Hu, Yunbing Wang","doi":"10.1039/d5tb01587a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5tb01587a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Contact lens (CL) wearers are confronted with a considerable susceptibility to infectious keratitis (IK). The development of CLs that can prevent IK is challenging since it is difficult to accomplish antibacterial activity without sacrificing optical performance and wearing comfort. To overcome this challenge, a colorless and ultrasmooth polysilazane coating is constructed on CLs, which can release antibacterial ammonium ions once subjected to either an acidic or alkaline stimulus generated by bacterial growth. The released ammonium ions had significant bactericidal effects on <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, which are the main pathogens of IK. Moreover, this antibacterial coating maintains the intrinsic visible light transmittance (100%) and wearing comfort of the pristine CLs due to its colorless nature and ultrasmooth surface (surface roughness lower than 1 nm). Furthermore, this coating was covalently linked on CLs, ensuring durability after prolonged storage in a standard lens care solution. The Si-N structures and methyl groups in the coating notably augment its ability to shield against ultraviolet radiation, and the intrinsic robustness of the inorganic moieties provides strong resistance to abrasions. Therefore, this facile strategy for preparing a multifunctional coating on CLs holds immense promise for safeguarding CL wearers against the risk of IK.</p>","PeriodicalId":94089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials chemistry. B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145126862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}