Xinyue Wang, Xinyue Zhang, Yihan Zhao, Xue Zhan, Chen Hu, Haihang Li, Xiaoju Fan, Jie Liang, Yafang Chen, Yujiang Fan
{"title":"Recombinant human collagen microneedle patches loaded with PRP for diabetic wound treatment.","authors":"Xinyue Wang, Xinyue Zhang, Yihan Zhao, Xue Zhan, Chen Hu, Haihang Li, Xiaoju Fan, Jie Liang, Yafang Chen, Yujiang Fan","doi":"10.1039/d5tb00836k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5tb00836k","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic nonhealing wounds represent significant complications of diabetes, bearing a substantial burden and posing risks of disability or mortality. In diabetic wounds, continuous tissue fluid exudation, inflammatory cell migration, fibrosis, and bacterial biofilm formation create a \"barrier\", which decreases the treating efficacy of therapeutics. To address these limitations, a recombinant human collagen type III microneedle patch (rhCol III-PRP<sup>M</sup>) loaded with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was developed, in which methacrylated rhCol III (rhCol III-MA) loaded with PRP was utilized to form needle tips, while rhCol III-MA formed the base part of the patch. RhCol III-PRP<sup>M</sup> featured adequate mechanical qualities, swelling capacity, and sustained <i>in vitro</i> release of growth factors from the activation of PRP for over 7 days. Leveraging the synergistic effects of rhCol III and PRP, rhCol III-PRP<sup>M</sup> patches facilitated cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis, and reduced oxidative stress. In animal experiments, this microneedle patch effectively promoted the healing of diabetic wounds during a 20-day treatment, partially due to upregulating integrins and phosphorylated ERK protein levels. Diverging from other microneedle strategies, the rhCol III exhibited \"dual functionality,\" serving as both the microneedle patch matrix and therapeutic agent, promoting wound healing upon patch dissolution while delivering PRP. The combination of rhCol III and PRP in the form of a microneedle patch offered a straightforward and efficacious way for effective diabetic wound management, and showed promise in bringing new possibilities in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":94089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials chemistry. B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144644459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impairing antioxidant protection by diminishing hyaluronic acid using nanoliposomes for tumor therapy.","authors":"Hegang Lu, Yunjian Yu, Shengke Zhao, Youtao Xin, Hongyu Liu, Qinghua Feng, Mahmoud Elsabahy, Hui Gao","doi":"10.1039/d5tb01059d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5tb01059d","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> plays a significant role in tumor development. However, tumor cells possess certain protective mechanisms that reduce the cytotoxic effects of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. Researchers have observed a notable increase in the expression of hyaluronic acid (HA), which possesses antioxidant properties, within the tumor microenvironment. This investigation revealed that HA can mitigate oxidative damage to tumors. In response to exogenous H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, tumor cells enhance their production of HA as a mechanism to counteract external oxidative stress. The suppression of HA levels through hyaluronidase or ribavirin significantly heightened the cytotoxic effects of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and led to an accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), ultimately inhibiting tumor cell proliferation. A formulation known as H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>@Lip + Rib@Lip was developed, utilizing liposomes encapsulated with H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and ribavirin, and was tested in murine models. The results indicated a significant reduction in tumor volume in the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>@Lip + Rib@Lip treatment group compared to the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>@Lip and Rib@Lip groups. Furthermore, these findings were accompanied by decreased levels of HA and CD44 receptors, increased levels of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, and enhanced apoptosis within the tumor tissues. Therefore, in the context of ROS and related therapies, HA should be prioritized as it serves as the primary and rapid antioxidant barrier in cells. Blocking HA metabolism presents a potential strategy for enhancing oxidative stress therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":94089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials chemistry. B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144644458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthetic DNA-metal hybrid materials for information-preserving genetic storage.","authors":"Navid Rabiee, Mohammad Rabiee","doi":"10.1039/d5tb01370d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5tb01370d","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rapid expansion of genomic data is driving an imminent storage crisis that traditional silicon-based technologies, limited by density and durability, cannot adequately address. This perspective highlights DNA-metal hybrid materials as an innovative class of bioinorganic composites poised to overcome these challenges. By combining the unmatched information density of nucleic acids with the remarkable stability and distinctive physicochemical traits of metals, these hybrids offer the potential for secure, long-term genetic information storage spanning millennia, alongside programmable access and multi-layered encoding capabilities. We provide a forward-looking overview of emerging synthetic strategies, key characterization challenges, and theoretical performance limits, emphasizing environmental robustness and complex performance metrics. Potential transformative applications are discussed, including enduring evolutionary archives, cultural heritage preservation, and interstellar data transmission, framed within the broader historical and future landscape of information storage technologies. This perspective lays out the fundamental principles and developmental pathways toward ultra-stable, high-density molecular repositories that could ultimately become humanity's lasting genetic legacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":94089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials chemistry. B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144639120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shane Clerkin, Krutika Singh, Danielle Winning, Ivan Krupa, John Crean, Dermot F Brougham, Jacek K Wychowaniec
{"title":"Thermoresponsive polymers for cell support: poloxamers as a case study of promise and challenge.","authors":"Shane Clerkin, Krutika Singh, Danielle Winning, Ivan Krupa, John Crean, Dermot F Brougham, Jacek K Wychowaniec","doi":"10.1039/d5tb00588d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5tb00588d","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thermoresponsive biomaterials have the potential to improve the complexity of <i>in vitro</i> models, to generate dynamically controlled extracellular microenvironments and act as <i>in situ</i> forming drug delivery systems. Due to its known biocompatibility and ease of use, poloxamer 407 (P407), also known as pluronic F127, has attracted significant attention as a component for next-generation cell culture and biomedical applications. P407 display rapid gelation into hydrogels with facile ease-of-handling, and which possess good shear-thinning properties that enable 3D printability with high fidelity. Although P407 has been extensively used as a support matrix for cell proliferation, differentiation and the on-demand release of biomolecules and drugs, significant issues relating to mechanical stability under physiological conditions limit its application. Multiple protocols report the use of P407 'hydrogel' for a variety of applications but often do not emphasise its inherent limitations at the concentrations described. Here we emphasise the disparity between written protocols and what specifically constitutes a hydrogel, showing selected examples from the literature and suggesting clarifications in the language used in describing P407 supports. We describe progress in the field, which is accelerating in part due to development of multi-network hydrogels that include P407 as a stabiliser, for shear-thinning and as a sacrificial component aiding 3D printing. We also contrast P407 to a panel of other promising thermoresponsive systems that have emerged as alternative biomaterials. Finally, we briefly discuss challenges and new opportunities in the field. This includes evaluation of the relative merits of current thermoresponsive polymer systems as they are formulated for use, also by advanced manufacturing, in next-generation 4D-responsive functional hydrogel networks for cell culture automation and as components in responsive-release devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":94089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials chemistry. B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144639121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recombinant hyaluronic acid-incorporated self-healing injectable hydrogels for cartilage tissue engineering: a case study on effects of molecular weight.","authors":"Manoj Kumar Sundaram, Chelladurai Karthikeyan Balavigneswaran, Iniyan Saravanakumar, Guhan Jayaraman, Vignesh Muthuvijayan","doi":"10.1039/d5tb00248f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5tb00248f","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cartilage injury represents a significant clinical challenge, necessitating innovative repair strategies. Self-healing injectable hydrogels are emerging as promising solutions for cartilage regeneration. However, the hydrogel with robust mechanical strength mimicking the natural cartilage and appropriate extracellular matrix production has not yet been achieved. To address this challenge, we have fabricated self-healing injectable hydrogels by combining oxidized alginate (OA) and gelatin (G) with recombinant hyaluronic acid (HA) of varying molecular weights (0.5 MDa, 1.0 MDa, and 2.0 MDa) derived from metabolically engineered <i>Lactococcus lactis</i>. Incorporating HA resulted in improved physicochemical, mechanical, and biological properties. The 1.0 MDa HA-incorporated hydrogel (OAGH<sub>1.0</sub>) exhibited superior injectability and self-healing efficiency due to the balance between dynamic covalent and non-covalent interactions within the hydrogel network. The OAGH<sub>1.0</sub> hydrogel's enhanced shear-thinning properties aided in printing the hydrogel into a mesh-like structure using a 3D printer. The OAGH<sub>1.0</sub> hydrogel showed an ultimate strength of 1.2 MPa, comparable to the natural cartilage. <i>In vitro</i> studies confirmed that these hydrogels also fostered cell adhesion, proliferation, and collagen deposition. These results indicate that the balance between dynamic covalent and non-covalent interactions achieved in the OAGH<sub>1.0</sub> hydrogel will open promising avenues for advancing cartilage regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":94089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials chemistry. B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144639119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhou Jiang, Songlan Pan, Jianhua Chen, Huihuang Yi, Yingfeng Li, Yi Qing, Erhu Xiong, Zhen Zou
{"title":"Lung-targeted feedback regulation of the mitochondrial ATP synthesis pathway for orthotopic tumor suppression.","authors":"Zhou Jiang, Songlan Pan, Jianhua Chen, Huihuang Yi, Yingfeng Li, Yi Qing, Erhu Xiong, Zhen Zou","doi":"10.1039/d4tb02856b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4tb02856b","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abundant adenosine triphosphate (ATP), an important mediator of metabolic reprogramming in cancer progression, is regarded as a significant target in cancer treatment. Nonetheless, due to low selectivity, attempts to exhaust ATP may induce undesirable side effects because ATP also plays key roles in maintaining normal cell function. Inspired by the feedback inhibition mechanism found in nature, we propose feedback inhibition of the mitochondrial ATP synthetic pathway for tumor inhibition with minimal side effects. As a proof-of-concept, an ATP-responsive ZIF-90 broad framework for the mitochondria-targeted delivery of 2,2'-azobis[2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)propane]-dihydrochloride (AIPH) and an FDA-approved drug, bedaquiline (BE), is presented in this work. The ZIF-90/AIPH/BE nanocomplex exhibits unique properties, including high pulmonary accumulation and mitochondria-targeting capability. When ATP is present, the ZIF-90/AIPH/BE nanoparticles disintegrate and release the encapsulated molecules because of the competitive binding between ATP and Zn<sup>2+</sup> present in ZIF-90. The released AIPH and BE significantly reduce ATP production, causing mitochondrial ATP depletion. The reduction in ATP acts as a negative feedback and restricts the subsequent release of the ZIF-90/AIPH/BE nanocomplex. The feedback inhibition mechanism expands the possibility of targeted disease treatment and opens up new avenues for ATP-based nanomedicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":94089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials chemistry. B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144639118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jing Yu, Hao Gao, Huayu Zhang, Shenglei Che, Dan Su
{"title":"An ATP-activated self-cascade nanoplatform for ROS/mPTT/starvation tri-therapy through tumor microenvironment remodeling.","authors":"Jing Yu, Hao Gao, Huayu Zhang, Shenglei Che, Dan Su","doi":"10.1039/d5tb00843c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5tb00843c","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Iron-gallic acid chelate nanoparticles (Fe-GA NPs) have emerged as promising Fenton catalysts and drug carriers in oncology. However, their therapeutic efficacy remains constrained by tumor microenvironment (TME) limitations - suboptimal pH and insufficient endogenous hydrogen peroxide. To overcome these barriers, we engineered an ATP-responsive core-shell nanoarchitecture (GOx@Fe-GA) integrating glucose oxidase (GOx) with Fe-GA coordination networks. Upon encountering elevated ATP concentrations in tumor cells, the nanosystem undergoes programmed disassembly: released GOx depletes glucose to induce metabolic starvation while generating substantial H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and acidifying the TME, thereby creating ideal conditions for Fe-GA-mediated Fenton reactions. Simultaneously, Fe-GA acts as a photothermal agent under near-infrared irradiation, leading to mild hyperthermia that synergizes with reactive oxygen species (ROS) to overcome thermotolerance by disrupting heat shock protein (HSP70) defenses. Both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> studies showed potent tumor suppression with minimal systemic toxicity. These studies establish GOx@Fe-GA as a self-enhancing therapeutic platform. Here, tumor-specific ATP triggers a cascading therapeutic amplification involving an ROS storm, metabolic deprivation, and photothermal sensitization.</p>","PeriodicalId":94089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials chemistry. B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144628351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A versatile nanoplatform for enhanced sonodynamic therapy <i>via</i> hypoxia alleviation, glutathione depletion, and calcium overload.","authors":"Min Zhang, Xuehui Wang, Chaocai Zhang, Dandan Sun, Zhuole Wu, Dayan Yang, Pingyang Zhang, Xiangxiang Jing","doi":"10.1039/d5tb00318k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5tb00318k","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ultrasound (US) offers exceptional tissue penetration, making it a promising modality for the treatment of deep-seated cancers. Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) leverages US to activate low-toxicity sonosensitizers, generating cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) that induce cancer cell death. However, its clinical effectiveness is hindered by challenges such as hypoxia and overexpression of glutathione (GSH) in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this study, we designed and synthesized a sodium-hyaluronate-modified TCCP-BSO@CaO<sub>2</sub>@SH nanoplatform (TBC@SH NPs) to enhance SDT efficacy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The TBC@SH NPs were prepared through a straightforward one-pot method, involving the self-assembly of CaO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles with tetrakis (4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (TCPP) and L-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), followed by surface modification with sodium hyaluronate (SH) for targeted delivery to CD44 receptors on HCC cells. In the mildly acidic TME, TBC@SH NPs facilitate oxygen release, induce calcium ion overload, inhibit GSH synthesis, and generate substantial reactive oxygen species (ROS) under ultrasound irradiation. These synergistic effects collectively amplify oxidative stress, significantly enhancing SDT therapeutic efficacy in HCC treatment. Encouraging results were observed in both <i>in vitro</i> HCC cell models and <i>in vivo</i> animal tumor models. This study highlights the potential of ultrasound-mediated SDT therapy for HCC and provides valuable insights into the development of integrated nanoplatforms for enhanced HCC treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":94089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials chemistry. B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144628350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A 3D bioprinted <i>in vitro</i> full-thickness skin aging model.","authors":"Juhi Chakraborty, Abhishak C Gupta, Sourabh Ghosh","doi":"10.1039/d5tb01126d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5tb01126d","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aging is caused by numerous factors resulting in physiological modification, affecting skin functionality. Developing an <i>in vitro</i> aging skin model is difficult since aging is a complex and cumulative activity throughout a person's lifetime. Moreover, skin is composed of multiple cell types; hence, it is challenging to replicate this intricate phenomenon quickly. Here, we report the development of a 3D bioprinted skin aging model using silk fibroin-gelatin bioink recapitulating the dual layer of the epidermis and dermis, along with a focus on the dermal-epidermal junction present in the native aged skin. We exploited the use of the senescent/late passage fibroblasts and keratinocytes in co-culture. This was compared with the proliferative/early passage cells as a control. Reduced fibronectin expression in gene and protein analysis, accompanied by a decline in collagen I, II, and IV expression, demonstrates the potency of our model in recapitulating the attributes of extrinsic aging <i>in vitro</i>. In addition, we created two diseased conditions - oxidative stress brought on by H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and elevated glucose, as potential substitute agents for senescence induction. While both conditions were effective as alternate methods of inducing aging, high glucose was found to have more potency. Our developed 3D bioprinted skin aging model has numerous uses in basic research on aging, disease modeling, and screening of pharmaceutical active ingredients.</p>","PeriodicalId":94089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials chemistry. B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144628348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Susu Xiao, Yuanxiang Wang, Shulin Pan, Min Mu, Bo Chen, Hui Li, Chenqian Feng, Rangrang Fan, Wei Yu, Bo Han, Nianyong Chen, Gang Guo
{"title":"Bismuth-functionalized probiotics for enhanced antitumor radiotherapy and immune activation.","authors":"Susu Xiao, Yuanxiang Wang, Shulin Pan, Min Mu, Bo Chen, Hui Li, Chenqian Feng, Rangrang Fan, Wei Yu, Bo Han, Nianyong Chen, Gang Guo","doi":"10.1039/d5tb00825e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5tb00825e","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radiotherapy (RT) is a mainstay treatment modality for solid tumors, employing high-energy radiation to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and DNA damage. However, RT is limited by insufficient DNA damage and collateral damage to normal tissues. Developing next-generation nanoradio-sensitizers to enhance tumor radiosensitivity while sparing healthy tissues remains a significant challenge. Herein, We propose a versatile bio-nano hybrid therapeutic system (BPBR), comprising <i>Bifidobacterium infantis</i>, bismuth-based nanoparticles, and the toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist (Resiquimod, R848). <i>B. infantis</i> exhibits tumor hypoxia-targeting properties, enabling the targeted delivery of bismuth nanoparticles and R848 to the tumor site. Bismuth, a high-atomic-number metal, possesses a higher mass attenuation coefficient for X-rays, enhancing X-ray radiation energy deposition and inducing DNA damage. R848, an activator of toll-like receptor 7/8, triggers immune responses. The combination of BPBR and X-ray irradiation significantly suppressed tumor growth in mice. This versatile bio-nano hybrid therapeutic system holds considerable promise for clinical translation and provides valuable insights for the design and development of novel therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":94089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials chemistry. B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144628352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}