Journal of materials chemistry. B最新文献

{"title":"Sugar-coated immunometabolism: functionalized biomaterials as metabolic regulators of immune responses.","authors":"Francesca Taraballi, Bruna Corradetti","doi":"10.1039/d6tb00355a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6tb00355a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immunometabolism, the intersection of immune function and cellular metabolism, has emerged as a powerful lens for understanding and directing host response to biomaterials. Upon implantation, biomaterials often provoke immune activation, potentially leading to chronic inflammation, fibrotic encapsulation, and impaired integration. Recent advances point to sugar functionalization as a promising strategy to steer immunometabolic pathways, enhance biocompatibility, and promote regenerative outcomes. Naturally derived monosaccharides (<i>e.g.</i>, mannose, glucose, galactose), polysaccharides (<i>e.g.</i>, dextran, chitosan), and glycosaminoglycans (<i>e.g.</i>, hyaluronic acid, heparin) engage distinct immune receptors to induce targeted metabolic reprogramming in macrophages, dendritic cells, and other innate effectors. This minireview synthesizes recent breakthroughs in the field, elucidating how distinct sugar classes reshape immunometabolism by modulating glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid metabolism, and associated inflammatory pathways and highlighting their translational applications in precision medicine. We discuss design considerations for sugar-functionalized scaffolds and outline future directions centered on precision glycoengineering, integrated metabolic analyses, and personalized therapeutic platforms.</p>","PeriodicalId":94089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials chemistry. B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147847863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eggshell-derived nanoparticles accelerate wound healing.","authors":"Proma Nagchowdhury, Swapnali Londhe, Sanchita Tripathy, Yogesh Chandra, Chitta Ranjan Patra","doi":"10.1039/d6tb00239k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6tb00239k","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic wounds (a silent epidemic) and their adverse impacts are a serious global health problem. Normal wound healing is a complex process that occurs through a series of four interconnected, partially overlapping stages: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodelling. Angiogenesis (new vasculatures produced from pre-existing blood vessels), the proliferative phase, serves a pivotal function in wound healing. In our earlier published literature, we reported the pro-angiogenic properties of eggshell-derived nanoparticles (ES-NP). Considering the central role of angiogenesis in regulating wound healing, the present study systematically demonstrates the therapeutic efficacy of ES-NP through several <i>in vitro</i> assays and <i>in vivo</i> experiments. Wound healing involves a highly regulated process of cellular events, in which keratinocytes serve as the key mediators by driving re-epithelialization and barrier restoration. Initially, several <i>in vitro</i> experiments, including MTT assay, thymidine incorporation assay, cell cycle and apoptosis assay, ROS generation, and immunocytochemical analysis, were performed in human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) to support the wound healing properties of ES-NP. We then validated the wound healing activity of ES-NP in a pre-clinical mouse (C57BL/6) model, where treatment with ES-NP significantly accelerated wound closure compared with the untreated control. The results are supported by histopathology (H&E staining), immunohistochemistry (Ki-67 and CD31/PECAM), and Masson's trichome staining (collagen deposition) of mouse skin tissue. Altogether, our findings suggest that ES-NP could be potential candidate for the treatment of wounds (acute and chronic) and other diseases where angiogenesis plays an important role.</p>","PeriodicalId":94089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials chemistry. B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147825203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elaboration of antibacterial polyurethanes for medical devices by a scalable process.","authors":"Baptiste Caron, Marc Maresca, Amélie Leroux, Marie Lemesle, Jean Louis Coussegal, Loic Fontaine, Elizabeth A Murphy, Christopher M Bates, Phong H Nguyen, Phillip A Kohl, Olivier Soppera, Stéphane Canaan, Isabelle Poncin, Yohann Guillaneuf, Catherine Lefay","doi":"10.1039/d5tb02613j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5tb02613j","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Medical devices are critical for patient survival in hospitals, yet they represent a leading cause of infections. Polyurethanes (PU), owing to their alternating hard- and soft-segment architecture, enable the fabrication of a broad spectrum of biocompatible materials from highly flexible to rigid and rank among the most prevalent polymers in device manufacturing. Conventional infection prevention relies on incorporating releasable antimicrobial agents into PU matrices; although straightforward to implement, these systems suffer from short-lived efficacy. Surface grafting of active molecules offers an alternative with superior longevity but entails protracted and expensive development. Here, we present a simple, effective, and industrially scalable process for producing antimicrobial PU grades tailored to biomedical applications. By dispersing and co-extruding just 2 wt% of an antibacterial copolymer within a PU matrix, we impart robust antibacterial properties without compromising mechanical performance. We further demonstrate compatibility with essential manufacturing additives, applicability across diverse PU grades, and crucially sustained bioactivity after three months of aqueous immersion or repeated bacterial challenges, all while maintaining non-toxicity. D-SIMS analysis provides the first direct molecular evidence of the antibacterial copolymer's incorporation in PU, revealing homogeneous bulk dispersion with preferential surface enrichment, ideal for contact-killing and unambiguous detection <i>via</i> the ¹²⁷I counterion despite minimal 2 wt% loading. This streamlined approach thus emerges as a compelling alternative to existing strategies, paving the way for safer and more reliable medical devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":94089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials chemistry. B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147847907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poly-L-lysine integration in PVA hydrogels enables stable, bioactive matrices for motor neuron differentiation and neural network formation.","authors":"Shuqian Wan, Dorna Esrafilzadeh, Laura Poole-Warren, Kristopher Kilian, Ulises Aregueta Robles","doi":"10.1039/d5tb02475g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5tb02475g","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The regeneration of motor neurons remains a major challenge in neural tissue engineering due to the complex cellular architecture and dynamic microenvironment of neural systems. While three-dimensional (3D) hydrogels offer a promising biomimetic platform, the stable integration of bioactive molecules such as laminin is hindered by high cost and impact on structural stability. Poly-L-lysine (PLL), commonly employed in 2D systems to enhance cell adhesion and laminin retention, faces critical limitations in 3D applications, including undefined optimal dosing, cytotoxicity at high concentrations, and detrimental effects on hydrogel properties. In this study, we developed a stable, biocompatible poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-based hydrogel incorporating PLL <i>via</i> either physical entrapment (blended PVA-PLL) or covalent methacrylation (covalent PVA-PLL). Systematic optimization identified a minimal effective PLL concentration (0.002 wt%) that enhanced laminin retention and motor neuron progenitors (MNPs) adhesion without inducing cytotoxicity or compromising hydrogel stability. Notably, covalent PLL-MA incorporation provided no significant advantage over physical adsorption at this low concentration, streamlining hydrogel fabrication. A cluster-based morphometric analysis further confirmed superior cell adhesion, neurite outgrowth, and early network formation on PLL-integrated hydrogels relative to 2D controls. This work established PLL as a simple, scalable, and effective modulator for improving cell adhesion and bioactivity in 3D neural scaffolds, offering translational potential for motor neuron regeneration in spinal cord injury and neurodegenerative disease models.</p>","PeriodicalId":94089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials chemistry. B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147825196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coordination-driven self-assembled nanozyme-loaded GelMA microneedles for enhanced photodynamic therapy of diabetic infected wounds.","authors":"Lisha Jiang, Jiaqiao Liang, Tianyue Wu, Jianyang Shi, Chenggong Hu, Haibo Wang","doi":"10.1039/d6tb00649c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6tb00649c","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infected diabetic wounds, particularly those complicated by multidrug-resistant bacteria, pose a significant clinical challenge due to the limited efficacy of conventional debridement and antibiotic therapies. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a promising antimicrobial strategy. However, its therapeutic potential is severely hampered by the hypoxic microenvironment of diabetic wounds. This study aimed to develop a multifunctional nanozyme integrated microneedle system, termed GM@MnFC, within a therapeutic framework that combines material design, delivery strategy, and microenvironment modulation. MnFC nanoparticles were constructed through coordination driven self assembly of Fmoc-L-leucine, Mn²⁺, and the photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6). The incorporated Mn²⁺ endowed the nanoparticles with intrinsic catalase-like activity. This enabled <i>in situ</i> oxygen generation from pathological hydrogen peroxide accumulated in diabetic wounds, thereby overcoming the oxygen dependency of PDT. Loading MnFC into dissolving gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) microneedles achieved efficient deep tissue delivery to target bacteria residing in dermal layers. <i>In vitro</i> studies demonstrated that MnFC possessed excellent catalase-like activity and efficient singlet oxygen generation under 660-nm laser irradiation, exhibiting potent antibacterial efficacy against both <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) and methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA). GM@MnFC microneedle treatment significantly accelerated wound closure, enhanced re-epithelialization and collagen deposition, and favorably regulated inflammatory cytokine expression in a diabetic rat model of MRSA-infected wounds. Biosafety evaluations confirmed the excellent biocompatibility of this system. This study presents an innovative strategy exploiting pathological by-products of diabetic wounds to fuel antimicrobial therapy, thereby providing valuable insights for designing multifunctional nanomedicine platforms for chronic wound management.</p>","PeriodicalId":94089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials chemistry. B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147825125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chitosan with defined intrinsic viscosity enables physicochemical entrapment of microplastics under <i>in vitro</i> gastric conditions.","authors":"Claudio Casella, Santiago Ballaz, Rafael Luque, Umberto Cornelli","doi":"10.1039/d6tb00654j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6tb00654j","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microplastics (MPs) are increasingly detected in food and biological systems, raising concerns about their interaction with the gastrointestinal environment. Strategies capable of limiting their mobility and epithelial contact are therefore of growing interest. Here, we investigate the role of chitosan physicochemical properties in the entrapment of MPs under <i>in vitro</i> gastric conditions (pH = 3 and 37 °C). Using chitosan samples with a comparable degree of deacetylation (DDA) but different intrinsic viscosities, we identify a threshold behaviour governing MP capture. Only chitosan with intrinsic viscosity ≥90 cP (corresponding to 100 kDa and ≥310 nm contour length) forms semi-dilute entangled networks capable of effectively entrapping high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) MPs, achieving up to 87% topological entrapment. Lower-viscosity variants remain in a dilute regime and show negligible binding. Combined proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrate that this transition arises from the polymer architecture rather than the surface charge, enabling multipoint interactions and topological confinement within a continuous polymer network. These findings establish intrinsic viscosity as a key design parameter for polymer-based interception of MPs at the biointerface. While the biological fate of the resulting aggregates requires further investigation, this study provides a physicochemical framework for understanding and engineering polymer-MP interactions under gastric conditions. These findings suggest a new material-based approach for reducing the bioavailability of MPs by dietary intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":94089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials chemistry. B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147825161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-nano architectures as therapeutic platforms: mechanism-driven precision anti-infective therapy for periodontal regeneration.","authors":"Jiawei Du, Shizhe Li, Zishu Wang, Huijings Chen, Liangxiao Huang, Sitong Zhu, Wufu Zhu, Cunpeng Nie, Pengwu Zheng, Qingshan Pan","doi":"10.1039/d6tb00197a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6tb00197a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Periodontitis affects nearly 50% of the global population. The main challenges are three major bottlenecks faced by traditional mechanical debridement and antibiotics: drug resistance, difficulty controlling deep infections, and imbalance in the immune-osteogenic microenvironment. This article systematically reviews how the latest 'bio-nanostructures' achieve mechanism-driven precision anti-infection and periodontal regeneration. First, it outlines the three major pathological networks, immunometabolism, autophagy, and gene-non-coding RNA, to identify key nodes in plaque evasion and bone homeostasis disruption. Next, it categorizes targeted drug delivery and multi-factor co-delivery strategies based on inorganic, organic, and composite platforms that respond to ROS, pH, and enzymes. The article emphasizes five synergistic mechanisms including chemodynamic therapy, gaseous, sonodynamic, photothermal, and piezoelectric/pH responsiveness clarifying how the spatiotemporal cascade of antibacterial-anti-inflammatory-immune regulation-osteogenesis achieves closed-loop therapy. Finally, it proposes multi-omics guidance, personalized module design, and clinical translation pathways, providing a replicable engineering blueprint for next-generation periodontal nanotherapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":94089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials chemistry. B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147793093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A near-infrared fluorescent-photoacoustic nanoprobe for tumor targeted photodynamic-photothermal therapy.","authors":"Di Zhao, Yingzhong Zhu, Shunyi Wang, Qiuqi Gao, Wanyang Li, Han Yang, Bo Wu, Lin Kong, Changjie Mao","doi":"10.1039/d6tb00206d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6tb00206d","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer phototherapy has emerged as a promising noninvasive modality with natural and precise spatiotemporal control for oncology. However, conventional photosensitizers are often limited by insufficient reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, hypoxia-compromised efficacy, modest photothermal conversion, and/or off-target phototoxicity. To address these challenges, we develop a novel NIR fluorescent nanoprobe, PCB NPs, which self-assemble into ∼40 nm spherical particles featuring an emission maximum at 950 nm with a tail extending to 1200 nm, thereby enabling deep-tissue penetration and high-resolution imaging. Notably, this nanoprobe demonstrates excellent tumor-targeting capability, achieving tumor accumulation within just 6 hours post-intravenous administration as confirmed by <i>in vivo</i> NIR fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging. Under 808 nm light irradiation, PCB NPs simultaneously activate a type I pathway to generate superoxide anion O₂˙^-, and achieve 49.96% photothermal conversion efficiency. Theoretical calculations atomistically elucidate the mechanisms underlying the superior photothermal conversion and excellent photostability of PCB. The combined photodynamic and photothermal effects lead to promoted lymphocyte infiltration and aggravate intratumoral hypoxia and overcome cellular thermotolerance mechanisms, which successfully results in a pronounced 99.34% tumor growth inhibition without discernible histopathological damage to major organs or changes in body weight. These findings establish PCB NPs as a promising platform for next-generation precision cancer phototherapy, integrating rapid tumor targeting, deep-tissue imaging, hypoxia-resilient ROS generation, and potent photodynamic-photothermal effects within a single nanoprobe.</p>","PeriodicalId":94089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials chemistry. B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147792898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polarity-switchable photoelectrochemical biosensors: applied materials, advances, and mechanisms.","authors":"Kheibar Dashtian, Forough Zahedpour, Amin Foroozandeh, Majid Abdouss, Shaaker Hajati","doi":"10.1039/d6tb00223d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6tb00223d","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polarity-switchable photoelectrochemical (PS-PEC) biosensors have emerged as a powerful platform for highly sensitive and selective detection of diverse analytes. By dynamically reversing photocurrent direction upon target binding, PS-PEC strategies overcome limitations of traditional signal-on/off approaches, offering self-calibration, enhanced reliability, and resistance to interference. Recent advances in photoelectrode design, including semiconductor heterojunctions, plasmonic composites, and nanozyme-based hybrids, combined with selective recognition elements such as molecularly imprinted polymers, antibodies, aptamers, and enzymes, have significantly improved light harvesting, charge separation, and target specificity. This review systematically summarizes the mechanisms, amplification strategies, engineered electrode materials, and detection performance of PS-PEC biosensors. Applications in biomedical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and food safety are highlighted, along with current challenges and future perspectives toward portable, multifunctional, and intelligent sensing devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":94089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials chemistry. B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147793167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of a ZnO-Te/TeO₂ nanocomposite for multidrug-resistant microorganism and biofilm eradication.","authors":"Huda Alqahtani, Shaimaa Magdy Abd El-Sattar, Nojoud Faqerah, Salwa Faisal, Moustafa A Rizk, Shahira H El-Moslamy, Hani Nasser Abdelhamid, Islam Gomaa","doi":"10.1039/d6tb00128a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6tb00128a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens demands antimicrobial materials that combine tunable surface chemistry with durable, non-antibiotic kill mechanisms. We reported a sonication-freeze-dry route to hybrid ZnO nanorod-decorated Te/α-TeO₂ sheets and demonstrated that interfacial strain-engineering at the ZnO-Te/TeO₂ heterointerface enhances antimicrobial potency across Gram-negative, Gram-positive, and fungal MDR strains. Structural analysis shows a two-phase Te/α-TeO₂ host (∼68% Te: ∼32% α-TeO₂) whose oxide sublattice accumulates microstrain and defects as ZnO loading increases (α-TeO₂: <i>D</i>_min ≈ 39.8 nm, <i>ε</i>_max ≈ 0.384% at 40% ZnO), while Te domains recover crystallinity at 50% ZnO, consistent with strain redistribution. The optimal formulation (Z7, 50% ZnO-Te/α-TeO₂) produced the largest inhibition zones against <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (36.64 ± 3.5 mm) and <i>Escherichia coli</i> (34.70 ± 3.6 mm), achieved a growth reduction efficiency of 96.45 ± 2.54% and 94.19 ± 1.63%, respectively, and showed an minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) of 1.95 mg mL^-1 (MBC 7.81 mg mL^-1) <i>versus K. pneumoniae</i>. Long-term dynamic viability analysis demonstrates complete eradication of planktonic growth within 78-90 h, depending on strain. Mechanistically, enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production together with strong interfacial membrane disruption is proposed as a potential mechanism. The material's structural tunability, facile synthesis, and broad anti-MDR performance make it promising for futher applications such as hospital coatings and infection-resistant surfaces.</p>","PeriodicalId":94089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials chemistry. B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147825155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}