{"title":"A composite dressing combining ultralong hydroxyapatite nanowire bio-paper and a calcium alginate hydrogel accelerates wound healing.","authors":"Yuankang Zhu, Liangshi Hao, Yurui Luo, Jing Gao, Fengming Xu, Han Li, Changning Hao, Chao-Po Lin, Han-Ping Yu, Ying-Jie Zhu, Junli Duan","doi":"10.1039/d4tb01710b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4tb01710b","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An acute wound is the most common type of skin injury. Developing wound dressings with excellent mechanical properties, wound protection, comfort, angiogenic capacity and therapeutic effects is significant for effective treatments, yet remains challenging. Herein, we have designed a novel HAP-Alg composite dressing comprising a complementary ultralong hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanowire bio-paper and calcium alginate hydrogel. The HAP bio-paper assembled by ultralong HAP nanowires, in contrast to typical brittle HAP bio-ceramics, exhibits a highly flexible and interwoven structure to enhance the mechanical and protective performance of an alginate hydrogel, and the alginate matrix creates a moist environment for skin regeneration. Therefore, the HAP-Alg composite dressing presents good mechanical properties and high resistance to swelling and shrinkage, along with a reliable bacterial shielding ability. In addition, its moisturizing effect can deliver bioactive calcium ions to promote angiogenesis, accelerate re-epithelialization and reduce scar formation. <i>In vitro</i> studies reveal that the HAP-Alg composite dressing has excellent biocompatibility, promotes cell migration and angiogenesis, and enhances calcium ion influx. <i>In vivo</i> wound models further prove the ability of the HAP-Alg composite dressing to accelerate wound closure, enhance collagen deposition, and induce neovascularization. This work demonstrates that the HAP-Alg composite dressing offers a promising wound dressing for acute wound treatment and protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":94089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials chemistry. B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142775946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thibaut Legat, François Mairesse, Ahmet R Dok, Yovan de Coene, Wim Thielemans, Benoît Champagne, Stijn Van Cleuvenbergen
{"title":"First hyperpolarizability of cellulose nanocrystals: an experimental and theoretical investigation.","authors":"Thibaut Legat, François Mairesse, Ahmet R Dok, Yovan de Coene, Wim Thielemans, Benoît Champagne, Stijn Van Cleuvenbergen","doi":"10.1039/d4tb02088j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4tb02088j","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have attracted considerable interest due to their optical properties, though their nonlinear optical behavior remains largely unexplored. In this paper, we investigate the second-order nonlinear optical (SONLO) response of CNCs through both experimental and theoretical investigations. Hyper-Rayleigh scattering (HRS) experiments revealed values comparable to well-known nonlinear optical biomaterials, such as collagen, and on par with inorganic reference materials like KDP. The strong response in CNCs can be attributed to the well-ordered structure of the cellulose chains, which enhances the overall susceptibility of the nanoparticles. Quantum chemical modeling using density functional theory (DFT) was employed to simulate the molecular hyperpolarizability of CNCs. The study reduced the complex first hyperpolarizability tensor of the CNCs to two key components, <i>β</i><sub><i>zzz</i></sub> and <i>β</i><sub><i>zyy</i></sub>. An electrostatic model was applied to account for the CNCs' shape and dielectric properties, leading to strong agreement with the experimental data. Our findings highlight the potential of CNCs for optoelectronic applications and provide valuable insights for characterizing CNC-based mesomaterials through two-photon microscopy.</p>","PeriodicalId":94089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials chemistry. B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142775905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leandro H Zucolotto Cocca, João V P Valverde, Celisnolia M Leite, Natália S Moreno, Alfredo L Neto, Andreia G Macedo, Sebastião Pratavieira, Daniel L Silva, Paula C Rodrigues, Valtencir Zucolotto, Cleber R Mendonça, Leonardo De Boni
{"title":"Advancements in organic fluorescent materials: unveiling the potential of peripheral group modification in dithienyl-diketopyrrolopyrrole derivatives for one- and two-photon bioimaging.","authors":"Leandro H Zucolotto Cocca, João V P Valverde, Celisnolia M Leite, Natália S Moreno, Alfredo L Neto, Andreia G Macedo, Sebastião Pratavieira, Daniel L Silva, Paula C Rodrigues, Valtencir Zucolotto, Cleber R Mendonça, Leonardo De Boni","doi":"10.1039/d4tb02291b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4tb02291b","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The quest for novel organic fluorescent materials capable of two-photon absorption (2PA) has intensified in recent years due to their promising applications in biological imaging. Two-photon fluorescence microscopy (2PFM) offers high spatial-temporal resolution, reduced photodamage, and deeper tissue penetration compared to conventional techniques. However, the development of bright two-photon molecular markers remains a challenge, necessitating compounds with high fluorescence quantum yield and 2PA cross-section (<i>σ</i><sup>2PA</sup>). Strategies such as increasing π-conjugation have shown promise but are hindered by synthesis complexities and limited biocompatibility. Alternatively, incorporating electron-donating (ED) or electron-withdrawing (EW) peripheral groups in a main structure has emerged as a viable approach, leading to significant enhancements in <i>σ</i><sup>2PA</sup>. This study highlights the advantages and challenges of these strategies, emphasizing the importance of exploring new organic compounds and evaluating the efficacy of peripheral groups for advanced two-photon bioimaging applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":94089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials chemistry. B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142775952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hemozoin anchored MWCNTs for mediated reduction of hydrogen peroxide and real-time intracellular oxidative stress monitoring in colon cancer cells.","authors":"Sakthivel Srinivas, Mouliganesh Sekar, Kavitha Thirumurugan, Annamalai Senthil Kumar","doi":"10.1039/d4tb01902d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4tb01902d","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hemozoin (HZ, a malarial pigment) is an insoluble crystalline byproduct formed during the intraerythrocytic breakdown of hemoglobin by some blood-feeding parasites, such as <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>. It consists of polymerized iron-porphyrin molecular units linked by carboxylic bonds. Due to the rigid molecular structure, studying the electron transfer activity of HZ is challenging. In this work, we report the development of a redox-active HZ-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE/MWCNT@HZ-redox). Here, HZ-redox refers to the redox-active form of hemozoin. This electrode is designed to study the electron transfer activity and mimic the peroxidase enzyme's ability to mediate hydrogen peroxide reduction in a neutral pH solution. The modified electrode exhibited a stable and well-defined redox peak at -0.385 V <i>vs.</i> Ag/AgCl in N<sub>2</sub>-purged PBS (pH 7.0) with a surface excess value of 1.64 × 10<sup>-9</sup> mol cm<sup>-2</sup>. The MWCNT@HZ-redox was characterized using Raman spectroscopy, FT-IR, and FESEM techniques. This biomimicking electrode showed excellent electrocatalytic reduction of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> using cyclic voltammetry. Batch-injection analysis coupled with a screen-printed electrode demonstrated the electroanalytical performance for H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> sensing. The electrode exhibited a linear concentration range of 50-300 μM, with a sensitivity of 21 μA μM<sup>-1</sup> and a detection limit of 220 nM. As a bioanalytical application, we successfully demonstrated the <i>in situ</i> monitoring of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> within the reactive oxygen species of HCT-116 colon cancer cells under stimulated conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":94089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials chemistry. B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142775976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hao Chen, Fan Tan, Yukui Zhang, Bingteng Xie, Aiqin Luo
{"title":"Enhancing PARP inhibitor efficacy using reduction-responsive nanoparticles encapsulating NADP.","authors":"Hao Chen, Fan Tan, Yukui Zhang, Bingteng Xie, Aiqin Luo","doi":"10.1039/d4tb01797h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4tb01797h","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) have shown success in cancer chemotherapy; however, not all tumors respond effectively to PARPi treatment, even in the presence of BRCA1/2 mutations or homologous recombination (HR) repair defects. NADP+ was recently identified as an endogenous inhibitor of ADP-ribosylation with the potential to sensitize cancer cells to PARPi, yet its lack of membrane permeability poses a significant challenge to its clinical application. In this study, we developed reduction-responsive nanoparticles (NPs) containing disulfide bonds, which can be cleaved in the reductive environment of tumor cells. These NPs encapsulate NADP+ and the commercially available PARP inhibitor olaparib. The uptake of these NPs significantly increases the intracellular concentration of NADP+, which negatively regulates DNA damage-induced PARylation and impairs DNA damage repair. The combined effects of elevated NADP+ levels and olaparib synergistically suppress tumor cell growth. Overall, our study offers a promising strategy for the clinical application of NADP+.</p>","PeriodicalId":94089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials chemistry. B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142775973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A functional hydrogel dressing based on glycyrrhizic acid with low-swelling and moisturizing properties for enhancing infected wound repair.","authors":"Ji Wang, Wei Wang, Kejun Li, Yanhua Wu, Xiaoting Yang, Jiping Zhou, Zhijie Zhang, Yongjun Jiang","doi":"10.1039/d4tb01572j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4tb01572j","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wound healing is a challenging due to the presence of bacterial infection, excessive inflammation and angiogenesis disorders. While traditional therapies struggle, a functional hydrogel can effectively repair wounds. However, the use of hydrogels is limited due to their high swelling and excessive dehydration characteristics. Herein, an interpenetrating polymer network hydrogel (HGP@EGCG) based on hyaluronic acid methacrylate (HAMA), glycyrrhizic acid (GA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), and glycerin/water binary solvent was developed by self-assembly, physical entanglement and chemical crosslinking for infected wound healing. GA forms a primary network through self-assembly induced by Zn<sup>2+</sup> and HAMA forms a more robust network structure through free radical polymerization as a rigid backbone, followed by the physical entanglement of PVA, which provides additional crosslinks within the network. The robust network structure conferred the HGP hydrogel with low swelling properties. HGP@EGCG hydrogels could adhere to the wound surface, exhibiting adequate tensile and compressive strength to withstand deformations induced by external forces. Then HGP@EGCG hydrogels with good moisture retention could facilitate the maintenance of wound hydration and prolong usage. Moreover, HGP@EGCG hydrogels could release the drug rapidly in an acidic environment and eliminate bacteria. The designed hydrogels demonstrated multifaceted functionality, including suitable adhesion, low swelling, good moisture retention, and efficient antibacterial properties. Both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> investigations confirmed that HGP@EGCG hydrogels had good biocompatibility and promoted human umbilical vein endothelial cell migration and tube formation, which markedly expedited wound healing. Consequently, HGP@EGCG hydrogels present a broad spectrum of potential applications in the clinical treatment of infected wounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":94089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials chemistry. B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142775901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Strip electrodes: a novel, effective and minimally invasive therapeutic option for correcting DNS <i>via</i> electromechanical reshaping.","authors":"Mohamed Jameer Basha Jahankir, Harisharan Ramesh, Thilak Chakaravarthi, Ajay Agarwal, Amit Goyal, Gowri Manohari Balachander","doi":"10.1039/d4tb01306a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4tb01306a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Deviated nasal septum (DNS) is a common condition affecting nasal breathing, which is generally treated using septoplasty. However, this invasive surgical method carries potential risks of post-surgical complications. Alternatively, electromechanical reshaping (EMR) is a novel method that has evolved as a non-thermal, minimally invasive option to reshape the cartilage using mechanical pressure and direct current (DC) without significant tissue damage. However, the existing flat and needle electrodes tested in animal tissues have raised significant concerns due to their safety. Thus, herein, we aimed to develop a novel strip electrode configuration and optimize dosimetry to achieve efficient reshaping without compromising its safety. Electric field simulations showed that our novel 5-strip electrode configuration with a thickness of 0.5 mm achieved optimal electric field, requiring minimal current flow compared to flat electrodes. EMR was performed on <i>ex vivo</i> goat cartilage at various dosimetry groups to analyze four-day shape retention. The optimized strip electrode reshaped the <i>ex vivo</i> goat septal cartilage effectively at a dosimetry of 20 mA for 15 minutes, whereas the flat electrode needed 35 mA for 15 minutes. DMMB assay, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, tensile testing, and histopathology analysis demonstrated reduced tissue damage while supporting increased efficiency and mechanical stability with the strip electrode configuration, emphasizing its safety. Thus, the optimized strip electrode-based EMR emerges as a viable non-invasive approach for reshaping the nasal septal cartilage, which can be used to treat DNS. Further <i>in vivo</i> studies are recommended to validate the long-term safety and efficacy of this technique.</p>","PeriodicalId":94089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials chemistry. B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142776018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hybrid nanostructures of urchin-like MnCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4.5</sub> micro flowers on N, B co-doped rGO for electrochemical determination of paracetamol.","authors":"Nazanin Yavari, Khadijeh Ghanbari","doi":"10.1039/d4tb02164a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4tb02164a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This work aims to create an electrochemical sensor to detect paracetamol (PAR). The sensor is constructed by modifying an electrode with carbon paste and incorporating nanostructures of manganese cobaltite (MnCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4.5</sub>) onto reduced graphene oxide that is doped with nitrogen and boron (BN-rGO). MnCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4.5</sub> provides a stable structure and N, B-doped rGO enhances conductivity and provides additional active sites. The hybrid nanostructure facilitates charge transfer between the components. This synergy improves sensitivity and faster response times, for electrochemical sensors. The following techniques characterized the MnCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4.5</sub>/BN-rGO nanocomposite: FE-SEM, TEM, HR-TEM, XRD, XPS, Raman, FT-IR, and EDX. The electrochemical characteristics and efficiency of the sensor for the electrooxidation of paracetamol were examined using CV, DPV, and EIS methods. The addition of MnCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4.5</sub>/BN-rGO to the carbon paste electrode improved the catalytic performance of the modified electrode for the oxidation of PAR. The linear dynamic ranges of the MnCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4.5</sub>/BN-rGO/CPE sensor were 5.0-120 μM and 155.0 - 1333.0 μM with a low detection limit (LOD) of 0.19 μM (S/N = 3). When used for the electrochemical determination of PAR, this modified electrode demonstrated good selectivity, reproducibility, and repeatability. Moreover, the examination of human blood serum samples indicated the biological significance of the proposed sensor, as shown by the high recoveries in the range of 96.97% to 106.43%.</p>","PeriodicalId":94089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials chemistry. B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142775979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mangiferin- and GNPs/ECPP-loaded platform of UH with dual bi-directional dynamic modulation of stem cells/macrophages and osteoblasts/osteoclasts for the prevention of aseptic loosening.","authors":"Shaoxiong Feng, Ningning Lei, Xu Peng, Xu Wei, Yihao Luo, Xinyun Pu, Xixun Yu","doi":"10.1039/d4tb02079k","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d4tb02079k","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aseptic inflammation and osteolysis triggered by the phagocytosis of implant wear particles by macrophages are important reasons for aseptic loosening (AL) in total joint replacement, which ultimately leads to implant failure. Therefore, the development of implants with long-term effectiveness in preventing AL is a pressing issue. In contrast to the conventional idea of reducing the occurrence of AL through anti-inflammatory treatment, we prepared implants based on a novel concept: to prevent AL by returning the dynamic balance of osteogenesis/osteolysis through dynamic modulation, which is expected to completely resolve the problem of AL. In this study, a natural polyphenol, mangiferin (MAN), and a composite filler (GNPs/ECPP) were loaded into ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene (UH) to construct a hip implant component with the ability to prevent AL. This modified implant was able to improve the oxidation resistance and wear resistance of implants, which could reduce the production of wear particles, recruit BMSCs as well as promote their proliferation/osteogenic differentiation and inhibit macrophage activity and RANKL-induced macrophage osteoclast differentiation <i>in vitro</i>. These effects suggest that this modified implant has achieved the dual bi-directional dynamic modulation of stem cells/macrophages and osteoblasts/osteoclasts for the prevention of aseptic loosening. Notably, <i>in vivo</i> experiments for implantation of wear-particle-coated titanium rods demonstrated that wear particles from the prepared implant significantly promoted the osseointegration capacity of implanted prosthesis (titanium rod) and effectively inhibited peri-prosthesis osteolysis. This work provides a new concept and presents a promising way for the development of durable implant components with long-term protection against AL.</p>","PeriodicalId":94089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials chemistry. B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142776011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chongxi Xu, Xuebing Jiang, Wumeng Yin, Liang Lyu, Huixin Tan, Wenbo He, Wangyang Wang, Zhengyu Zhou, Hongyu Zhou, Bin Xu, Yang Yu, Yuelong Wang, Peizhi Zhou, Yi Liu, Jianguo Xu, Maling Gou, Yu Hu
{"title":"Microgel-encapsulated tetrandrine nanoparticles promote spinal cord repair by sustaining neuroinflammation inhibition.","authors":"Chongxi Xu, Xuebing Jiang, Wumeng Yin, Liang Lyu, Huixin Tan, Wenbo He, Wangyang Wang, Zhengyu Zhou, Hongyu Zhou, Bin Xu, Yang Yu, Yuelong Wang, Peizhi Zhou, Yi Liu, Jianguo Xu, Maling Gou, Yu Hu","doi":"10.1039/d4tb02080d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4tb02080d","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) initiates an intricate secondary injury cascade, characterized by persistent inflammatory responses with neurotoxic microglia and astrocyte activation. Inhibition of neuroinflammation would significantly benefit SCI treatment. Here, tetrandrine with anti-neuroinflammatory activity was delivered into the intrathecal space for SCI treatment. The tetrandrine was encapsulated in MPEG-PDLLA nanoparticles and further loaded into GelMA microgels <i>via</i> a fast 3D printing process based on digital light. After intrathecal injection, the drug-loaded microgels could sustain the release of tetrandrine in the intrathecal space, resulting in efficient repair of the injured spinal cord with recovery of function. Its mechanisms were associated with the modulation of neurotoxic microglia and astrocytes as well as their crosstalk. This work demonstrates a tetrandrine-loaded microgel with potential application in SCI treatment <i>via</i> sustained inhibition of neuroinflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":94089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials chemistry. B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142776014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}