Journal of cancer research and therapeutics最新文献

{"title":"Outcomes of curative surgery and adjuvant radiation therapy in salivary duct carcinoma.","authors":"Divyani Chowdhury, Nivedita Sarkar, Pasupuleti H H M Sai Hanuman, Avinaba Sinha, Sudipta Pati, Sanjoy Chatterjee, Prateek V Jain, Pattatheyil Arun, Paromita Roy, Indu Arun, Indranil Mallick","doi":"10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1842_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1842_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) forms an uncommon and aggressive subtype of salivary gland neoplasms with early recurrences and metastases. Their treatment includes surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy. They overexpress androgen receptors (AR) and human epidermal receptor 2 (HER2), similar to breast carcinomas. There is limited data on SDCs treated with curative intent from Asia.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this retrospective analysis, we reviewed SDCs treated between 2012 and 2022. The aim of this study was to study the outcome of SDCs in patients who were treated with curative intent. The primary objectives of the study were to study the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in patients of salivary duct cancer treated with curative intent, compare OS and DFS among various groups, and identify certain critical clinical or pathological attributes that may affect disease outcomes.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, treatment details, and outcomes were recorded for 48 patients in REDCap (electronic data collection system) and all eligible patients were contacted for survival status.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis: </strong>Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software and survival analysis using the log-rank test and Cox regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After a median follow-up of 13.8 months ranging from 0.5 to 125.2 months, median DFS and OS were 11.4 and 13.8 months. Node (s) positive patients showed numerically inferior DFS, 66.6% vs. 81.7% at one year and 22.8% vs. 67.4% at two years (P = 0.061) with a hazard ratio (HR) 2.23 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.94-5.29, P = 0.068) and inferior OS, 91.7% vs. 100% at one year and 72.2% vs. 86.7% at two years (P = 0.068) with HR 3.41 (95% CI: 0.84-13.79, P = 0.085). Patients with extranodal extension had numerically inferior DFS, 59.1% vs. 85.9% (P = 0.119) with HR 1.96 (95% CI of 0.82-4.68, P = 0.126) and lower OS, 90.9% vs. 100% (P = 0.112) at one year with HR 2.96 (95% CI of 0.72-12.02, P = 0.129). Despite the large numerical difference, the P value was not statistically significant due to limited sample size.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Salivary duct cancers, even when treated curatively, have early and distant failures. Over-expression of HER2-neu and AR provide an opportunity to improve the outcomes of curative intent treatment for this cancer with targeted agents and robust data is required to investigate the role of adjuvant endocrine or HER-2 targeted therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":94070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer research and therapeutics","volume":"21 3","pages":"670-677"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144568237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A dosimetric study to evaluate the inverse planning simulated annealing (IPSA) and hybrid inverse planning optimization (HIPO) algorithms in HDR brachytherapy of cervical cancer.","authors":"V Gogul Priean, Lalit Mohan Aggarwal, Ankur Mourya, Sunil Choudhary, Syed M Shajid, Abhijit Mandal, Ankita Singh","doi":"10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1335_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1335_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare the effectiveness of the inverse planning simulated annealing (IPSA) and hybrid inverse planning optimization (HIPO) algorithms in interstitial HDR brachytherapy for treatment of cervical cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong>A dosimetric study was conducted on 46 cervical cancer patients who underwent multi catheter interstitial cervical HDR brachytherapy using the Martinez Universal Perineal Interstitial Template (MUPIT). Dosimetric parameters, plan evaluation indices, and mean treatment time were assessed for each algorithm. All the parameters were compared using statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>With HIPO, significant improvements were observed in D90, D100, V100, and V200 (P < 0.05). Additionally, HIPO plans demonstrated lower doses to the bladder (B2cc) as compared to IPSA plans, whereas IPSA plans exhibited lower rectum (R2cc) and sigmoid (S2cc) doses, with statistical significance observed only for sigmoid doses. HIPO plans had better results in the plan evaluation indices such as CI, COIN, DHI, DNR, ODI, EI, NV100, GFB, GFR, GF, PQI1, PQI2, and PQS with statistical significance (P < 0.05) except for GFS. Moreover, HIPO plans had shorter mean treatment time compared to IPSA plans by 5.52 seconds, although this difference did not reach statistical significance. It was found that HIPO plans demonstrated superior dose-volumetric parameters for the high-risk clinical target volume (HR-CTV).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In conclusion, HIPO emerged as the preferred algorithm for interstitial cervical HDR brachytherapy due to improved dose distribution in HR-CTV and plan quality as well.</p>","PeriodicalId":94070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer research and therapeutics","volume":"21 3","pages":"576-582"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144568251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current trends in media and their role in cancer care.","authors":"Rohan Kapoor, M D Ray","doi":"10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_2349_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_2349_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer research and therapeutics","volume":"21 3","pages":"775-776"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144568263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imaging-based skeletal muscle quality and clinical outcomes in Indian older patients with cancer: A retrospective analysis.","authors":"Abhijith Rajaram Rao, Vanita Noronha, Anant Ramaswamy, Ratan Dhekle, Anita Kumar, Anupa Pillai, Pallavi Pratisad Rane, Nivedita Chakrabarty, Abhishek Mahajan, Kumar Prabhash","doi":"10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_906_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_906_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Computer tomography (CT) measurements of cross-sectional area and density reflect muscle performance and function, but their use is limited in practice. We aimed to evaluate the association of CT-based skeletal muscle quality (qSMQ) with geriatric assessment (GA) and outcomes in older Indian patients with cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective observational study in the geriatric oncology clinic in Mumbai, India. Patients aged ≥60 years with cancer who had undergone GA and had CT scan were included. To evaluate skeletal muscle quality, region of interest was drawn on bilateral paraspinal muscle at L3 vertebral level, one section above and below.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between June 2018 and November 2021, 277 patients were included. At a median follow-up of 23.8 (21.4-28.4) months, 174 deaths had occurred. Using the lower quartile as a cutoff to define poor and good qSMQ, the median overall survivals were 10.7 and 17.5 months in the patients with poor and good qSMQ, respectively (P = 0.124), which was significant after adjusting for body mass index (BMI), primary tumor, metastasis, and performance status (hazard ratio (HR): 1.53; 1.08-2.18, P = 0.017). The likelihood ratio test (LR-test) comparing the full model (qSMQ with nested model) with the nested model (age, sex, BMI, primary tumor, performance status) found that the addition of qSMQ was a significantly better fit (P = 0.015).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The utilization of CT scans for older Indian patients with cancer is an effective and crucial means of evaluating skeletal muscle quality. It is closely associated with anthropometric measures, frailty, and overall survival (OS).</p>","PeriodicalId":94070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer research and therapeutics","volume":"21 3","pages":"649-656"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144568274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Total skin radiation therapy with low-dose helical tomotherapy for a patient with mycosis fungoides.","authors":"Atsuto Katano, Hideomi Yamashita","doi":"10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_83_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_83_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Total body skin irradiation with electron beams has been used for patients with mycosis fungoides (MF). Recently, helical tomotherapy was considered available for total body irradiation, although severe myelosuppression was frequently observed as an adverse event. We report the first case of low-dose helical tomotherapy in a patient with MF. An 87-year-old Asian male with an 18-year medical history of MF was referred to our department due to a rapidly growing skin lesion during systemic therapy. He decided to undergo low-dose total skin radiotherapy with helical tomotherapy. The total skin was treated by dividing into three parts (trunk, head, and lower extremities). Each part was treated with helical radiotherapy consisting of 10 Gy in 5 fractions, with the administration of 5 fractions per week. Once the skin lesion clearly disappeared after total skin radiotherapy, recurrence was detected in the lower abdominal wall in the radiation-treated field. Insufficient doses of radiation therapy cause early relapse. There is still no optimized dose for total skin irradiation in helical tomotherapy. Further radiation therapy dose trials are required to optimize the treatment schedule.</p>","PeriodicalId":94070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer research and therapeutics","volume":"21 3","pages":"712-715"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144568244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing an indigenous anthropomorphic heterogeneous female pelvic phantom for dosimetric audit in radiotherapy centers.","authors":"Ajay Katake, Lalit Kumar, Balbir Singh, Kruti Haraniya, Rajesh Vashistha, Deepak Basandrai","doi":"10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1816_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1816_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of the present study was to create an indigenous anthropomorphic heterogeneous female pelvis (AHFP) phantom for quality assurance and dosimetric audits in advance radiotherapy centers.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The AHFP phantom was designed using paraffin wax, epoxy, water, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and a hardener. A dosimetric audit was conducted using the fabricated phantom among four different hospitals. The hospitals were instructed to perform the procedure of treatment planning and delivery as per their institutional protocol. Each institute was asked to make optimized plans using available intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and rapid arc (RA) delivery technique. Apart from this, additional plans were generated for using single field (1F), double field (2F), three field (3F), and four field (4F) for 5 cm × 5 cm and 10 cm × 10 cm geometry, 3dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3F, 4F), and IMRT (5F, 7F and 9F).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>With regard to the measured radiological properties, the mean Hounsfield units (HUs) were 87.3 ± 39.45, 1122.5 ± 270.1, 1312.2 ± 232.5, 10.1 ± 58.5, and 20.2 ± 33.8; the mean relative electron densities (REDs) were 1.087 ± 0.04, 1.673 ± 0.16, 1.765 ± 0.14, 1.010 ± 0.06, and 1.021 ± 0.03 g/cc and the mean mass densities (MDs) were 1.074 ± 0.03, 1.673 ± 0.15, 1.765 ± 0.16, 1.011 ± 0.06, and 1.021 ± 0.03 g/cc for soft tissue, femoral head, bones, rectum, and bladder of AHFP phantom, respectively. The percentage deviations between measured and computed doses were within ± 3% for all measurements performed under the study in each hospital.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The fabricated AHFP phantom mimics the size, shape, and radiological properties of female pelvis. The dosimetric results from participant hospitals were within prescribed tolerance. The present study confirms the efficacy of the AHFP phantom as a trustworthy quality assurance tool in radiotherapy. Hence, it can be used for end-to-end validation and dosimetric audit of advanced radiation therapy centers.</p>","PeriodicalId":94070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer research and therapeutics","volume":"21 3","pages":"678-685"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144568265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fibrothecoma/Fibroma of ovary-rare ovarian tumors with varied presentation and different modes of management: 14 years' experience from tertiary care hospitals.","authors":"Lajya Devi Goyal, D Madhuchandra, Manjit Kaur, Sandesh Ganjoo","doi":"10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_66_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_66_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Fibrothecomas are a rare group of tumors of stromal cell origin, accounting for approximately 5%-8% of all ovarian tumors. These tumors are frequently mistaken as malignant due to solid consistency, association with ascites, and pleural effusion leading to unnecessary radical surgery. Due to the relative rarity of these tumors, we want to highlight eleven cases of fibrothecoma/fibromas encountered in our experience with different clinical presentations in various age groups requiring different treatment strategies based on the clinical, radiological, cytological, histopathological, and immunochemical characteristics.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>Our primary aim is to emphasize the diverse presentation of rare tumors, such as fibrothecoma/fibromas, and their management across different age groups.</p><p><strong>Settings and design: </strong>The present study was conducted over 14 years in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Department of Pathology at Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and Hospital, Faridkot, as well as at All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bathinda.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Among 526 patients with ovarian masses who were surgically managed over 14 years at our institute, we identified only 11 cases that were diagnosed as fibrothecomas or fibromas based on histopathology. We studied the detailed clinical presentations, diagnostic modalities, and management of all these patients, who were all normal at a mean follow-up of 2 years and 5 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over 14 years, we evaluated 526 patients presenting with ovarian masses diagnosed through clinical examination, imaging techniques, fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), histopathology, and immunohistochemistry. Only 11 cases (2.09%) were identified as fibroma or fibrosarcoma. Age of the patients ranged from 14 to 76 years, with a mean age of 44.22 years. Of the 11 cases, nine patients presented with an abdominopelvic mass. Ultrasonography and contrast-enhanced CT scans typically revealed solid masses accompanied by ascites. FNAC was effective in eight cases, identifying spindle cells upon microscopic examination. Final diagnoses were confirmed through histopathology, which classified two cases as fibroma and nine as fibrothecoma. Immunohistochemistry results showed vimentin positivity in nine cases. All patients remained healthy during a mean follow-up period of 2 years and 5 months.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis used: </strong>Observational study.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This article highlights a rare ovarian tumor with details of its different clinical presentations, radiological details, cytological findings, and histopathological and immunochemical findings. According to the patient's age, these can be treated using minimally invasive and fertility-sparing techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":94070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer research and therapeutics","volume":"21 3","pages":"700-706"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144568271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hidden cost of paediatric cancer: Effect of childhood cancer on sibling's psychological well-being.","authors":"Manali Arora, Vishesh Jain, Saundarya Priyadarshini, Renu Sharma, Prabudh Goel, Sandeep Agarwala, Devendra Yadav, Anjan Dhua","doi":"10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_2190_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_2190_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This cross-sectional study addresses the limited attention given to the psychosocial impact of childhood cancer on siblings. It aims to investigate the psychological well-being among the siblings of childhood cancer survivors.</p><p><strong>Subjects and methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study includes 37 siblings of children with cancer, ages 11-17 years, who completed assessments measuring emotional intelligence, self-efficacy, resilience, coping strategies, rejection sensitivity, self-esteem, and quality of life.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant negative correlation (r = -0.595, P < 0.05) was found between the rejection sensitivity and quality of life. Additionally, 81.08% of siblings showed scores on the emotional intelligence scale that fell within the high range, and 75.67% demonstrated high levels of resilience, both of which were positively associated with self-esteem (r = 0.465, P < 0.01) and self-efficacy (r = 0.518, P < 0.01). Coping strategies, particularly task-oriented coping, were associated with the higher overall quality of life (r = 0.480, P < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings highlight the complex psychological responses of siblings to a childhood cancer diagnosis. The study emphasizes the importance of considering individual and family characteristics, as well as temporal factors, to better understand and support the psychological well-being of these siblings.</p>","PeriodicalId":94070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer research and therapeutics","volume":"21 3","pages":"686-692"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144568273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidisciplinary approach to the challenges in the perioperative management of large merkel cell carcinoma.","authors":"Jagdeep Sharma, Harsimran Singh Walia, Varun Saini, Arvind Guru, Lalita Gouri Mitra, Ashish Gulia","doi":"10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_37_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_37_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>An integrated multidisciplinary team-based approach to patients from the moment surgery is contemplated through to full recovery is the essence of perioperative care. The management of large soft tissue masses in the back is very challenging with multiple facets requiring precision care and erudite planning. Our Case of Merkel Cell carcinoma is an excellent manifestation of such a complex scenario. A multidisciplinary approach with closed-loop communication is essential in countering the challenges with the need for tailoring management for Immunotherapy and its complications, huge mass with areas of necrosis leading to sepsis, difficulty in mask ventilation and intubation due to limited posture, very poor vascular access, the need of rapid infuser for resuscitation, cardiac output and pulse pressure variation for hemodynamic monitoring, challenges with prone position intraoperatively with complex plastic surgery reconstruction and extubation in the lateral decubitus position.</p>","PeriodicalId":94070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer research and therapeutics","volume":"21 3","pages":"758-761"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144568235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep learning-based organ-at-risk segmentation, registration and dosimetry on cone beam computed tomography images in radiation therapy: A comprehensive review.","authors":"Ezatsadat Fakhar, Azam Janat Esfahani, Elham Saeedzadeh, Nooshin Banaee","doi":"10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_2006_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_2006_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is pivotal in image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT), yet it faces challenges in accurate organ-at-risk (OAR) segmentation, image registration, and dosimetry. Deep learning, particularly Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) and Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNN) has shown promise in addressing these challenges. This review explores the latest advancements in deep learning-based methodologies for enhancing CBCT application in radiotherapy. GANs have been employed to generate high-fidelity synthetic CT images, improving the accuracy of OAR segmentation and enabling precise dose calculations. DCNNs, on the other hand, have been instrumental in mitigating artifacts, enhancing image quality, and predicting dose distributions with high precision. Studies demonstrate that these techniques significantly improve the accuracy of OAR delineation and registration, leading to better treatment planning and delivery. Integrating deep learning models with traditional CBCT makes it possible to achieve real-time adaptation to anatomical changes and optimize patient-specific treatment protocols. This review highlights key findings, methodological innovations, and clinical implications, underscoring the transformative potential of deep learning in CBCT-based radiotherapy. The evolution of GANs and DCNNs promises to refine dosimetric accuracy and treatment outcomes further, heralding a new era of precision radiotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":94070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer research and therapeutics","volume":"21 3","pages":"523-537"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144568264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}