Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Selective leaching and recovery of lithium ions from lithium slag with low lithium content","authors":"Yun Li,&nbsp;Liping Dong,&nbsp;Pei Shi,&nbsp;Yida Li,&nbsp;Hao Yang,&nbsp;Nianke Zheng,&nbsp;Zhongqi Ren,&nbsp;Zhiyong Zhou","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.25725","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hard rock lithium ore has become a significant natural lithium resource, which is second only to brine lithium resources. However, the recovery process generates a considerable quantity of tailings with very low lithium content. At present, there is no established process for efficient recovery of lithium ions from low-grade lithium ores. In this study, a novel recovery method was established to extract lithium ions from a tailing slag with lithium content of 0.8% by using sulphuric acid solution as leaching reagent. Furthermore, the mechanism of the recovery process was deeply explored. In accordance with the optimal leaching conditions with hydrogen–lithium ratio as 2:1, leaching temperature as 70°C, and leaching time as 60 min, the leaching rate of lithium ion reached up to approximately 100%. The obtained low lithium-ion solution was concentrated to yield a lithium-rich solution, which was then used to produce the lithium products. Lithium phosphate product was obtained by precipitation of lithium ion with sodium dihydrogen phosphate with the addition of sodium hydroxide and oxalic acid to remove impurities. The recovery and purity of lithium phosphate were 94.5% and 99.7%, respectively. This study demonstrated the successfully selective recovery of lithium ions from low-grade lithium tailing slag through a novel and efficient recovery method.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"103 11","pages":"5635-5647"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145284725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of high transmission superhydrophobic SiO2 thin films and simulation of solar cell efficiency","authors":"Juan Xu,&nbsp;Lili Hu,&nbsp;Lu Gan,&nbsp;Cui Huang,&nbsp;Yongsheng Liu","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.25716","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study presents a cost-effective sol–gel approach to fabricate nanoporous SiO₂ thin films with simultaneous high transmittance and superhydrophobicity for solar cell efficiency enhancement. By incorporating trimethylethoxysilane (TMES) as a hydrophobic modifier in an alkaline-catalyzed hybrid sol, the optimized SiO₂ film achieved a peak transmittance of 97.05% (5.56% higher than bare glass) and a water contact angle of 150°, demonstrating exceptional anti-reflective and self-cleaning properties. The nano-porous structure, characterized by a critical particle gap (<i>D</i>_c) of 40 ± 10 nm, was systematically analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and theoretical models, revealing that surface roughness-induced air entrapment significantly contributed to hydrophobicity. Spectral response simulations indicated a proportional relationship between transmittance improvement and short-circuit current increment (Δ<i>J</i>_sc), validating the film's potential to enhance solar cell efficiency. Durability tests confirmed minimal performance degradation (0.31% transmittance loss and 15° contact angle reduction after 5000 water droplet impacts), highlighting robust environmental adaptability. This work not only provides a scalable method for multifunctional anti-reflective coatings but also bridges material design with photovoltaic applications, offering insights into sustainable energy technology development.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"103 11","pages":"5448-5455"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145284764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and selective adsorption performance of F-modified ZSM-5 zeolite for m-cresol and p-cresol","authors":"Xudong Wang,&nbsp;Yanyang Wu,&nbsp;Tianyou Wang,&nbsp;Bin Wu,&nbsp;Kui Chen,&nbsp;Lijun Ji","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.25723","url":null,"abstract":"<p>M-cresol and p-cresol, typically produced as mixtures in industrial processes, are crucial chemical intermediates. However, their separation is challenging due to their similar structures and properties. ZSM-5 zeolite has shown potential as an adsorbent for separation, while the performance is yet to be improved. In this study, ZSM-5-F(x) was synthesized via hydrothermal method, incorporating F⁻ ions during the synthesis process. The adsorption behaviour of m-cresol and p-cresol on ZSM-5-F(x) was investigated through static experiments, with ZSM-5-F(8) demonstrating the highest selectivity (9.01). Both ZSM-5-F(0) and ZSM-5-F(8) were characterized using XRD, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) techniques. In addition, the introduction of F⁻ ions increased the material's electronegativity, as demonstrated by the change in zeta potential from 53.22 to −45.93 mV. Single-component adsorption of m-cresol or p-cresol on ZSM-5-F(0) and ZSM-5-F(8) respectively were investigated in detail. The adsorption of m-cresol on ZSM-5-F(8) showed a non-monotonic phenomenon with a significant decrease after 0.06 mol/L. The thermodynamic parameters including Δ<i>G</i>, Δ<i>H</i>, and Δ<i>S</i> were calculated accordingly. All the values |Δ<i>G</i>|, |Δ<i>H</i>|, and |Δ<i>S</i>| of both components on ZSM-5-F(8) were greater than those on ZSM-5-F(0), suggesting that the introduction of F⁻ ions facilitated the adsorption. Competitive adsorption experiments on both ZSM-5-F(0) and ZSM-5-F(8) were conducted at 298.2 K. The results indicated that the selectivity α_p/m on ZSM-5-F(8) increased with increasing initial concentration and laid between 13 and 14. After seven consecutive regeneration cycles, the selectivity (α_p/m) only decreased to 13. This study suggests that ZSM-5-F(8) could be a promising adsorbent for m-cresol and p-cresol in industrial applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"103 11","pages":"5657-5668"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145284724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-mode process fault diagnosis method integrating GMM with reconstruction-based PCA","authors":"Jizhen An,&nbsp;Qihang Weng,&nbsp;Shaojun Ren,&nbsp;Fengqi Si","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.25698","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Multiple local model approaches for multi-mode process monitoring have garnered significant attention and research interest. The general procedures for fault diagnosis using multiple local models can be divided into two main steps. The first step involves offline mode classification and modelling for various modes, while the second step focuses on online mode recognition and fault diagnosis. However, when a fault occurs during the second step, there is a higher likelihood of misidentifying the mode, which can lead to false alarms or missed detections. To address this issue, this study proposes a novel multi-mode process fault diagnosis method based on the Gaussian mixture model with reconstruction-based principal component analysis (GMM-RBPCA). This method first calculates the fault isolation results from the local models for all modes and then determines the current mode based on the statistics of these isolation results. This approach effectively reduces the risk of misdiagnosis and underdiagnosis due to inaccurate mode recognition. The effectiveness of the method is validated through mathematical simulations and testing in a continuous stirred tank heater (CSTH) process.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"103 11","pages":"5492-5507"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145284939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An innovative method on synthesis of carbon-zeolite porous composite from tailings solvent recovery units and its utilization in the CO2 adsorption process","authors":"Umang Patel,&nbsp;Mohammad Hashem Sedghkerdar,&nbsp;Nader Mahinpey","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.25686","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Millions of metric tonnes of tailings solvent recovery units (TSRU) stream are produced annually by the oil sands mining industries and stored in the tailing ponds. This study was focused on implementation of a physiochemical methodology for the conversion of TSRU into the activated carbon-zeolite composite materials (ACZ). ACZ composites were fabricated via physiochemical activation approach using CO₂ stream along with the use of NaOH and KOH in different ratios. The activation step was followed by the hydrothermal treatment for the crystallization of zeolite. All the composites have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD)—X-ray fluorescence (XRF), N₂ adsorption–desorption, Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) desorption pore size distributions, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. CO₂ isotherm is also generated for all the composites and CO₂ capture capacity is also tested for multiple cycles for all the composites using TGA at 1 atm pressure and 30°C. It was observed that the composite synthesized using a higher ratio of KOH and NaOH showed more porosity. It was also recorded that ACZ-Na-KOH-1 had more CO₂ adsorption capacity as compared to other composites. Results indicated that all the ACZ composites were stable for multiple CO₂ adsorption cycles.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"103 10","pages":"4708-4717"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cjce.25686","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corn cob pyrolysis: A systematic literature review of methods and applications","authors":"Vilmar Steffen,&nbsp;Maiquiel Schmidt de Oliveira,&nbsp;Lais da Silva Pego Hericks,&nbsp;Schaline Winck Alberti,&nbsp;Marlon Henrique da Silva,&nbsp;Edson Antonio da Silva","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.25707","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The agricultural sector is experiencing a surge in waste generation due to population growth, creating an urgent need to convert byproducts into value-added products. Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.), a leading global crop, produces significant byproducts, such as corn cob, which are often undervalued. Biomass, including corn cob, is a promising carbon-neutral energy source. While combustion is commonly used, pyrolysis is gaining traction due to its ability to generate solid (biochar), liquid (bio-oil), and gaseous products, each with various applications. This study presents a systematic literature review on the pyrolysis of corn cob, utilizing three databases: Scopus, Web of Science, and Springer. This search resulted in a portfolio composed of 409 research papers. The Normalized Index for Ranking Papers (NIRP) method was employed to rank the selected papers, followed by bibliometric and systematic analyses. The review identifies key trends, publication dynamics, and influential works in the field. It highlights China's leading role in research output and citation impact and provides insights into the evolution of research topics and methodologies. The review emphasizes the significance of biomass pyrolysis as a viable alternative to fossil fuels, commercial adsorbents, catalyst supports, and fertilizers, providing both economic and environmental benefits. By examining the current state of research, this work seeks to inform future studies and promote the advancement of efficient and eco-friendly waste conversion technologies. The findings aim to encourage further exploration of biomass pyrolysis, highlighting its potential to contribute to sustainable resource management and reduce reliance on non-renewable resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"103 11","pages":"5520-5585"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cjce.25707","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145284973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of discontinuous injection on particle backflow in pneumatic conveying systems","authors":"Otome Obukohwo,&nbsp;Andrew Sowinski,&nbsp;Poupak Mehrani,&nbsp;Holger Grosshans","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.25734","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Pneumatic conveying is used in many process industries to transport dry, granular, and powdered solids. The triboelectrification of particles during conveying causes particle agglomeration, spark discharges, and disruptions in particle flow, making particles move upstream against the fluid flow. The effect of frequency of particle injection on particle backflow is studied using CFD-DEM simulations. Conveying flow in a square-shaped duct with fluid frictional Reynold's number equal to 180, particle Stokes number equal to 8, and individual particle charge equal to 504 fC, is simulated with different particle injection frequencies. The proportion of particles moving upstream is found to increase as the delay period between injections increases, and the effect of the length of the injection period is minimal. Further, particles moving upstream are situated in low-drag zones at the corners of the duct where the electrostatic force dominates. In conclusion, the delay period between discontinuous injections plays a major role in particle backflow. The findings of the article are important for industrial processes with discontinuous injection of particles with a risk of particle accumulation within the conveying boundary.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"103 11","pages":"5680-5689"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cjce.25734","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145284920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly selective monosubstitution of symmetrical dialkoxysilanes in continuous flow: Kinetics and mechanisms research","authors":"Jiadi Zhou,&nbsp;Shangkun Bai,&nbsp;Weilong Zhang,&nbsp;Bingbing Chen,&nbsp;Yuyu Yang,&nbsp;Qilin Xu,&nbsp;Zhiqun Yu","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.25727","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Monosubstituted symmetrical dialkoxysilanes, intermediates in the production of numerous well-known materials, present challenges for selective monosubstitution due to the presence of two alkoxy groups in similar chemical environments. Notably, kinetic studies on this phenomenon have not been documented. In addressing this knowledge gap, we developed a continuous flow system to the reaction kinetics between diethoxydimethylsilane and vinyl magnesium chloride, enhancing our understanding of these reactions. We initially analyzed the reaction order, <i>pre</i>-exponential factors, and activation energies systematically. The kinetic investigation revealed that the partial reaction order for diethoxydimethylsilane was first-order, the partial reaction order for vinyl magnesium chloride was also first-order, and the overall reaction order was second-order. The activation energy of the main reaction was 39.21 kJ/mol, and the activation energy of the side reaction was 59.72 kJ/mol. Therefore, precise control of the reaction conditions is essential for improving the yield. This kinetic investigation identified a potential reaction mechanism, which was later confirmed through a series of experiments. These experiments accurately determined the applicable concentration and temperature ranges for our kinetic model. Further, simulations of the model assessed the influences of reaction temperature and molar ratios on the monosubstitution selectivity, aiming to achieve controlled reaction outcomes. This study provides new insights into the reaction kinetics of Grignard reagents with symmetrical dialkoxysilanes and offers valuable guidance for optimizing reaction conditions in industrial applications. This study demonstrates selective monosubstitution of symmetrical dialkoxysilanes in a laminar flow reactor. Compared to traditional batch processes, the laminar flow reactor achieved milder conditions and higher selectivity, reaching 99.5% selectivity and 97.9% yield through kinetic studies and model simulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"103 11","pages":"5623-5634"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145284915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leaching kinetics of metallic silver with sodium cyanide in hydrogen peroxide solution","authors":"Salih Aydogan,&nbsp;Mohamed Taha Osman Abdelraheem,&nbsp;Babiker Ali,&nbsp;Mustafa Boyrazli","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.25719","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article describes the kinetics of dissolving pure metallic silver (Ag) in sodium cyanide with a hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) solution. The impacts of temperature, sodium cyanide concentration, rotation speed, and H₂O₂ concentration were investigated. The findings demonstrate that a favourable relationship exists between the rate of silver dissolution and the rotation speed. Moreover, sodium cyanide concentration of 0.0125 M was sufficient to dissolve silver. Hydrogen peroxide concentrations between 0.05 and 0.035 M have a significant impact on the dissolution rate; however, 0.050 M concentration had an adverse effect and resulted in the formation of a silver oxide layer. Temperatures between 20 and 55°C have a positive influence because this range is where H₂O₂ is stable, but a temperature of 60°C decreased the silver dissolution rate due to decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. A measurement of 21.50 kJ/mol was calculated of the activation energy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"103 11","pages":"5648-5656"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145284923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A hydrometallurgical process for the separation of lead and bismuth from lead bismuthite","authors":"Artem Daminov,&nbsp;Yurii Yukhin,&nbsp;Olga Logutenko,&nbsp;Olesya Sheina","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.25730","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A hydrometallurgical process to efficiently separate and recover bismuth and lead from lead bismuthite was proposed. It included the dissolution of lead bismuthite in a solution containing 4.2 mol/L HNO₃ and 5.0 wt.% of carbamide at a temperature of 70–90°C followed by bismuth precipitation by adding lead carbonate to precipitate basic bismuth nitrate [Bi₆O₄(OH)₄](NO₃)₆ ∙ H₂O of a technical grade. The lead-containing solution was further evaporated to produce lead nitrate Pb(NO₃)₂ of a chemically pure grade, while the basic bismuth nitrate was further purified from metal impurities. Basic bismuth nitrate was dissolved in a ~6.0 mol/L HNO₃ solution at a temperature of 60–70°C, diluted with distilled water two times, and mixed with an aqueous ammonium carbonate solution to adjust the pH to 0.9 at a temperature of 55°C and to precipitate bismuth. After washing and drying of the precipitate at a temperature of 90–100°C, the high purity basic bismuth nitrate [Bi₆O₅(OH)₃](NO₃)₅ ∙ 3H₂O was obtained. The large-scale laboratory trials confirmed the relevance of the proposed technology for hydrometallurgical processing of lead- and bismuth-containing raw materials. It is an easy and economical way to produce high purity bismuth and lead compounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"103 11","pages":"5669-5679"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145284919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}