Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Optimal control of axial dispersion tubular reactors with recycle: Addressing state-delay through transport PDEs","authors":"Behrad Moadeli,&nbsp;Guilherme Ozorio Cassol,&nbsp;Stevan Dubljevic","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.25629","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The optimal control of an axial tubular reactor with a recycle stream is addressed as a key type of setting for distributed parameter systems in chemical engineering. The intrinsic time delay from the recycle process, thus far overlooked in relevant literature, is modelled as a transport partial differential equation (PDE), resulting in a system of coupled parabolic and hyperbolic PDEs. Utilizing Danckwerts boundary conditions, the reactor is boundary-controlled with the control input at the inlet. A continuous-time optimal linear quadratic regulator is developed to stabilize the infinite-dimensional system, employing a late lumping approach in order to preserve the properties of the original infinite dimensional system in controller design. The full-state feedback regulator is designed by solving the Operator Riccati Equation (ORE), leveraging the system's Riesz-spectral properties. To address practical limitations of full-state feedback, a Luenberger observer is also proposed, enabling state reconstruction from boundary measurements. Numerical simulations are conducted to evaluate the proposed control strategies. The results demonstrate that the full-state feedback regulator effectively stabilizes the system. A comparison is made between two configurations where different numbers of eigenmodes were selected to design the controller. The observer-based regulator also stabilizes the system successfully using merely output measurements, effectively overcoming the challenge of limited state access.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"103 8","pages":"3751-3766"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cjce.25629","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144551224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GRU-based stacked sparse autoencoder with attention mechanism for process monitoring","authors":"Zengdi Miao,&nbsp;Ping Wu,&nbsp;Zhenquan Wu,&nbsp;Xiangjun Jia,&nbsp;Hui Xu,&nbsp;Jian Jiang","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.25636","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To ensure the operation safety of industrial processes, process monitoring techniques have been receiving considerably increasing attention from both academia and industry. The advent of deep learning has revolutionized data-driven process monitoring by effectively dealing with the inherent nonlinearity of industrial processes. In this work, a gated recurrent unit-based stacked sparse autoencoder with attention mechanism (GRU-SSAE-AM) model is developed for process monitoring. This model leverages the power of recurrent neural networks in conjunction with the sparse stacked autoencoder to tackle the temporal and nonlinear features present in process data. To enhance the model's ability to distill critical information indicative of process status, an attention mechanism is naturally integrated within the encoder–decoder framework. Experiments on an industrial benchmark of Tennessee Eastman process (TEP) and a real blast furnace ironmaking process (BFIP) are carried out to verify the capability and effectiveness of the proposed GRU-SSAE-AM based process monitoring method by comparison with other related methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"103 8","pages":"3767-3785"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144550932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of a novel micro-cyclonic air flotation device for enhanced oil removal from wastewater","authors":"Zhong Yan,&nbsp;Xiaoli Zhu,&nbsp;Pengfei Liu,&nbsp;Rui Lv,&nbsp;Xinhe Dai,&nbsp;Guosheng Song,&nbsp;Zhenbo Wang","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.25626","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As global oilfields advance into mid-to-late development stages, the produced fluids contain increasingly high water content, leading to substantial wastewater volumes. Existing oily wastewater treatment systems face challenges in meeting stricter discharge standards. To address this issue, this work proposes a micro-cyclonic air flotation separator that integrates cyclonic and flotation technologies to enhance oil removal efficiency. An experimental setup was designed to systematically investigate the effects of structural and operational parameters on bubble formation and oil removal in a DN100 single-tube micro-cyclonic flotation device. Key operational parameters were selected, and structural parameters were optimized to support the development of a compact, high-efficiency separator for oily wastewater treatment. The experimental results revealed that increasing dissolved air pressure reduces mean bubble size, increases bubble number density, and raises gas holdup. Conversely, as air flow rate increases, the mean bubble size grows, the number density initially rises before decreasing, and gas holdup follows a similar trend. Optimal structural parameters were determined, under which the device demonstrated excellent oil removal performance across an oil concentration range of 200–1000 mg/L, achieving a maximum removal efficiency of 85.69%.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"103 8","pages":"3923-3939"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144550931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimum salinity brine and surfactant interaction with crude oil and carbonated rock at fluid–fluid and rock-fluid interfaces: Evaluating ion-specific effects on the system","authors":"Mohammad Maghsoudlou,&nbsp;Jamshid Moghadasi","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.25593","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The smart water injection (SWI) method is derived from low salinity water flooding, which aims to increase oil production. The complexity and heterogeneity of carbonate reservoirs require further investigation. Understanding the active mechanisms during SWI is crucial for designing the injected water composition to enhance the efficiency of the method. However, there is a research gap regarding the dominant factors that influence the performance of SWI, particularly both the ‘fluid–fluid’ and ‘rock–fluid’ interactions, simultaneously. To address this issue, the article through new insight into ions, solutions, and tests tries to enhance the precision of the obtained results by optimizing the solutions by changing the potential determining ions (PDI) in fixed ionic strength through contact angle measurements. Furthermore, by using a cationic surfactant, which has not been previously used in low-salinity water flooding experiments, surfactant-free solutions, and proper tests for each mechanism, including Zeta potential, pH measurements, interfacial tension, vial test, high-resolution microscopy, and Karl Fischer titration, interactions on fluid–fluid and rock-fluid interfaces were tested and investigated. The results were validated through core flood tests. The study found that coordination was observed between multivalent ion exchange and water in oil micro-dispersion, which are two current mechanisms in both micro- and macro-scale media. In surfactant-free solutions, the effect of ions was discerned in the order of SO₄²⁻, Mg²⁺, and Ca²⁺. The formation of micro-emulsions and the IFT reduction by ionic pairs of surfactants significantly increased oil recovery by up to 65%. The effective ions facilitating this performance were ranked as follows: SO₄²⁻ &gt; Ca²⁺ &gt; Mg²⁺.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"103 7","pages":"3183-3207"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144190968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Highlights","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.25323","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"103 3","pages":"983"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143111304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication of pH-sensitive bacterial cellulose/carboxymethyl cellulose hybrid hydrogel beads in agitated culture for oral drug delivery","authors":"Ali Sattari,&nbsp;Ali Basirattalab,&nbsp;Iran Alemzadeh","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.25609","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bacterial cellulose (BC), a biopolymer with unique properties, has been employed in numerous biomedical applications. Carboxymethyl cellulose was introduced to the agitated culture of <i>Gluconacetobacter xylinus</i> to produce pH-responsive BC hydrogel beads. It was shown by x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis that adding carboxymethyl cellulose to the agitated culture increased the crystallinity of the hydrogel beads. Scanning electron microscopy exhibited the 3-D porous structure of microfibrils and the reverse effect of adding carboxymethyl cellulose on the hydrogels' porosity. The hydrogels were loaded with ibuprofen sodium salt (IbuNa), and their release and swelling studies were conducted in the simulated gastric and simulated intestinal fluids. It was observed that by increasing the amount of carboxymethyl cellulose in the culture medium, the pH responsivity of the beads was increased. Thus, this study shows the potential of the BC/CMC system as an oral drug delivery system.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"103 8","pages":"3521-3530"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144551369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling and kinetics of the toluene/methylcyclohexane-based hydrogen storage system","authors":"Jiahui Wang,&nbsp;Peiya Li,&nbsp;Shiyuan Wang,&nbsp;Shuhan Lu,&nbsp;Qinchuan Shi,&nbsp;Bin Wang,&nbsp;Xiang Gong,&nbsp;Fusheng Yang,&nbsp;Tao Fang","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.25608","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The coupling of toluene and methylcyclohexane is one of the most promising liquid organic hydrogen carriers. In this study, the kinetics models of toluene hydrogenation and methylcyclohexane dehydrogenation are established. The reactions were carried out in fixed bed reactors, and the kinetics parameters were fitted with the obtained data. In this experiment, hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions were carried out under ambient pressure. Ni/SGA_C_nTES catalyst was employed for toluene hydrogenation, the fitting activation energy <span></span><math>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>E</mi>\u0000 <mi>a</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow></math> is 36.27 kJ/mol, and the preexponential factor <span></span><math>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>k</mi>\u0000 <mn>0</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow></math> is 1212 s⁻¹. Meanwhile, the catalyst of Pt/MgAl₂O₄ was for methylcyclohexane dehydrogenation, the fitting activation energy <span></span><math>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>E</mi>\u0000 <mi>a</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow></math> is 83.92 kJ/mol, and the preexponential factor <span></span><math>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>k</mi>\u0000 <mn>0</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow></math> is 7.28 × 10⁶ s⁻¹. Aspen Plus was used to simulate on a larger scale and determine the optimal process conditions: the optimum reaction conditions for toluene hydrogenation were determined to be 185°C and 0.3 MPa, and the optimized hydrogen flow rate is 3970 kg/d (The molar ratio is 5.88). Additionally, the optimal conditions for methylcyclohexane dehydrogenation are 325°C and 0.15 MPa.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"103 8","pages":"3877-3887"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144551368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital twins: Transforming the chemical process industry—A review","authors":"Pratyush Kumar Pal,&nbsp;Abhiram Hens,&nbsp;Narottam Behera,&nbsp;Sandip Kumar Lahiri","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.25611","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Digital twin (DT) technology represents a significant advancement in the digital transformation of the chemical process industry (CPI), offering innovative capabilities for real-time monitoring, predictive maintenance, and process optimization. This review investigates the current deployment status, frameworks, architectures, and applications of DTs within CPI, highlighting their transformative potential in improving operational efficiency, enhancing safety, and promoting sustainability. By examining case studies from industry leaders and analyzing recent advancements, this study elucidates the critical roles of DTs in asset health monitoring, process optimization, and environmental performance. The review identifies key components of DT frameworks, including data integration, hybrid modelling, and real-time analytics, which are essential for effective implementation. It further explores challenges such as high computational requirements, integration with legacy systems, cybersecurity risks, and the lack of standardization, which impede widespread adoption. Despite these challenges, the paper emphasizes opportunities for leveraging advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence, edge computing, and 5G connectivity to enhance DT capabilities and scalability. In addition, this review underscores the importance of DTs in addressing global sustainability goals, mainly through their ability to optimize energy consumption, reduce emissions, and facilitate circular economy practices. By synthesizing insights from academia and industry, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of DTs' current state and future potential in CPI, offering strategic directions for research and development. The findings contribute to advancing the deployment of DTs as a cornerstone technology in achieving operational excellence, safety, and sustainability in the chemical process industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"103 8","pages":"3611-3636"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144551370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation of a bubbling fluidized bed reactor for phosphogypsum decomposition with carbon monoxide","authors":"Fadoua Laasri,&nbsp;Navid Mostoufi,&nbsp;Adrian Carrillo Garcia,&nbsp;Jamal Chaouki","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.25618","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Phosphogypsum (PG), a by-product of the phosphoric acid industry and rich in calcium sulphate (CaSO₄), has an unfavourable environmental impact, making its management one of the crucial issues of phosphoric acid production. As a result, PG production is integrated with or without treatment in many industries, such as agriculture, building materials, and sulphuric acid. In the latter application, carbon monoxide (CO) is used to decompose PG to extract the sulphur according to a two-parallel reaction producing calcium sulphide (CaS) and calcium monoxide (CaO) in the solid phase. To depict the effect of the solid temperature (<i>T</i>), CO partial pressure (<i>P</i>_CO), inlet gas velocity (<i>U</i>₀), residence time (<span></span><math>\u0000 <mi>τ</mi></math>), particle size (PS), and solid exchange coefficient (<span></span><math>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>K</mi>\u0000 <mi>p</mi>\u0000 </msub></math>) on the overall fluidized bed reactor performance, a simulation study was performed according to the dynamic two-phase model. The results show that CO partial pressure, solid residence time, particle size, and inlet gas velocity have the most significant effect on the PG conversion. On the other hand, the temperature and partial pressure of CO have the most critical effect on product selectivity. The concentration profiles of both reactants CaSO₄ and CO reveal that the reaction in the emulsion phase is faster than in the bubble phase due to the good mixing in this phase.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"103 8","pages":"3555-3567"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144551371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fault diagnostic method based on transfer dynamic deep learning for few shot temporal–spatial correlation industry process","authors":"Ying Tian,&nbsp;Yuanlong Lou,&nbsp;Jingyi Ou,&nbsp;Xiuhui Huang,&nbsp;Zhanquan Sun","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.25614","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Data-based fault diagnosis plays a crucial role in ensuring the safety of industrial processes. However, the complex industry process often has temporal–spatial correlation with insufficient labelled fault data. To settle these problems, a new transfer dynamic deep learning strategy that combines autoencoder (AE) with gate recurrent unit (GRU) is proposed. First, dynamic AE networks are introduced to extract the single-attribute time series features, and the dynamic GRU is employed to extract the spatial correlation features among multiple feature dimensions and temporal correlation among samples. Then, to solve the problem of insufficiently labelled industrial data, the model-based transfer learning between the sufficient laboratory data and insufficient labelled industrial data is executed. Experimental results based on the Tennessee Eastman (TE) process and the benchmark simulation model 1 (BSM1) process show that the proposed approach has excellent performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"103 8","pages":"3853-3876"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144551367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}