Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Computational intelligence for empirical modelling and optimization of methylene blue adsorption phenomena utilizing an activated carbon-supported [Co(NH3)6]Cl3 complex","authors":"Kamel Landolsi,&nbsp;Fraj Echouchene,&nbsp;Ines Chouaieb,&nbsp;Mona A. Alamri,&nbsp;Abdullah Bajahzar,&nbsp;Hafedh Belmabrouk","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25363","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cjce.25363","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The study focuses on the efficiency of hexaamminecobalt (III) chloride (HACo, [Co(NH3)₆]Cl₃) immobilized on activated carbon for removing methylene blue (MB) from water solutions. The primary objective of this study was to assess the sorption performance of HACo immobilized on activated carbon in removing MB from water solutions. Additionally, predictive models were developed to optimize the MB removal percentage. Lastly, the study aimed to determine the optimal conditions for achieving maximum MB removal. Samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy. Batch sorption experiments were conducted to analyze the impact of MB concentration, adsorbent mass, pH, temperature, and contact time. Predictive models were built using multiple linear regression and neural network techniques, specifically artificial neural networks (ANN) and hybrid ANN–particle swarm optimization (ANN-PSO). The PSO-ANN model with a single hidden layer of eight neurons trained using the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm demonstrated high accuracy in predicting MB removal percentage, with mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) = 0.083788, root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.11441, and <i>R</i>² = 0.99693. The MB adsorption process followed a mono-layer with one energy model and a pseudo-first-order kinetic model. Optimization using the genetic algorithm revealed that the maximum MB removal percentage of 99.56% is achievable at an MB concentration of 9.36 mg/L, adsorbent mass of 15.72 mg, and temperature of 311.2 K. The study confirms the effectiveness of HACo immobilized on activated carbon for MB removal. The PSO-ANN predictive model proved superior in accuracy compared to empirical models. Optimization results provide the optimal conditions for maximizing MB removal, offering valuable insights for practical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"104 5","pages":"2377-2400"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cjce.25363","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141363987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A density-based collaboration preserving projection for fault detection","authors":"Xiangyu Meng,&nbsp;Jianchang Liu,&nbsp;Qingxiu Guo,&nbsp;Yuanchao Liu,&nbsp;Wei Zhang","doi":"10.1002/cjce.70168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.70168","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The development of effective dimensionality reduction methods for fault detection in industrial processes is essential for ensuring safety. The performance of dimensionality reduction methods depends heavily on the extraction of effective and comprehensive features. To achieve a more accurate representation of data characteristics and enhance fault detection performance, we propose a novel data dimensionality reduction method for fault detection, called density-based collaboration preserving projection (DCPP). First, an adaptive neighbour selection strategy is proposed to dynamically select the neighbours for each sample, enabling the adjacency graph constructed using each sample and its neighbours to accurately reflect the local structure of the data. Second, DCPP effectively preserves the topological structure of the data in the spatial dimension and captures dynamic features in the temporal dimension. Third, a data cleaning method is proposed to label samples that deviate from the dominant structure, and targeted weight coefficients are constructed for these samples to enhance the reliability of DCPP in extracting features in the spatial dimension. All distance measures employ geodesic distance instead of traditional Euclidean distance, allowing for a more accurate assessment of the actual distance between two points within the manifold structure. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through simulation experiments.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"104 5","pages":"2445-2459"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147683618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrometallurgical strategies for the selective recovery of valuable metals from electric arc furnace dust (EAFD): A critical review","authors":"Antonio Clareti Pereira,&nbsp;Rafael Bruno da Cunha Fonseca,&nbsp;José Rubens dos Santos","doi":"10.1002/cjce.70145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.70145","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Electric arc furnace dust (EAFD), a hazardous byproduct of steelmaking, is increasingly recognized as a secondary resource for critical metals, including zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd). This critical review examines advancements in the hydrometallurgical processing of EAFD, with a focus on the physicochemical properties of dust, leaching mechanisms, selective complexation, purification techniques, and product recovery. Acidic, alkaline, and complexing agents are compared in terms of efficiency, selectivity, and environmental performance, with sulphuric acid and ammonia-based systems demonstrating high zinc recovery. Downstream purification methods, such as solvent extraction and electrowinning, are examined in the context of metal separation and sustainability. Economic and environmental assessments highlight the potential for reducing carbon footprint and hazardous waste through optimized hydrometallurgical routes. Current challenges, including reagent recyclability and the management of iron-rich residues, are critically analyzed, and future research directions are outlined. The review provides a comprehensive framework for advancing EAFD valorization through cleaner, more efficient hydrometallurgical strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"104 5","pages":"2225-2241"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147683263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting solar cell efficiencies using historical data from a manufacturing process","authors":"Sushmita Mittra,&nbsp;Vinay Prasad","doi":"10.1002/cjce.70166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.70166","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The solar cell manufacturing data of a passivated emitter and rear cell solar cell manufacturing plant was studied to assess the effects of tool usage and the processing time spent on each tool on the solar cell efficiency. Since manufacturing processes involve several steps with multiple tools, tracing their quality parameters back to the tool usage is difficult—most plants measure parameters at the end of the manufacturing process. We used multilinear regression, partial least squares (PLS), kernel based PLS, random forest, gradient boosted decision trees (GBDTs), and 2D convolutional neural network (CNN) models to study the variation of the cell efficiencies with variations in tools and tool processing times. We evaluated our models' performance using mean squared error (MSE) and the coefficient of determination. The GBDT had the best coefficient of determination, but with a relatively higher MSE for efficiency prediction using batch processing times. Shapley analysis was used to study the effect of the frequency of tool usage on efficiency prediction and identify process steps and tools having maximum impact on efficiency. This work can be used as a basis to selectively utilize tools in the solar cell manufacturing process that will result in better solar cell quality (or reduce material wastage due to poor quality), thereby making solar cells more affordable and hence more readily adoptable. It can also be translated to other industries whose manufacturing processes involve multiple tools/steps.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"104 5","pages":"2401-2415"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cjce.70166","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147683623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Root cause diagnosis with co-integration constrained Liang–Kleeman information flow in non-stationary processes","authors":"Yuting Li,&nbsp;Xu Yang,&nbsp;Jian Huang,&nbsp;Jingjing Gao,&nbsp;Qing Li","doi":"10.1002/cjce.70133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.70133","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To cope with the challenge of non-stationary characteristics to causal identification, this paper proposes a Liang–Kleeman information flow framework under co-integration residual constrained for root cause diagnosis in industrial processes. Specifically, the stationarity is first determined by combining augmented Dickey–Fuller and Kwiatkowski–Phillips–Schmidt–Shin tests, and the non-stationary variables can be screened out. Then, the co-integration analysis is used to identify the long-term equilibrium relationship between variables, and the driving term is constructed with co-integration residuals. Next, the residual matrix is embedded in the Liang–Kleeman information flow to improve the ability to characterize the changes in causal intensity in non-stationary processes. Finally, experiments are carried out based on typical industrial process Tennessee Eastman Process to verify the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed method in root cause diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"104 5","pages":"2430-2444"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147683791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the evolution of microstructural and optoelectronic properties of spray-pyrolyzed ZnO thin films via tailoring the aerosol deposition time","authors":"Chandrashekhar M. Mahajan,&nbsp;Sarang P. Gumfekar","doi":"10.1002/cjce.70128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.70128","url":null,"abstract":"<p>ZnO thin films with diverse thicknesses were deposited via the spray pyrolysis technique by varying the deposition time (<i>τ</i>). The XRD analysis shows an increase in polycrystallinity for films with an increase in <i>τ</i>; however, all films exhibit predominant growth along the <i>c</i>-axis [002] direction. The FE-SEM analysis shows the growth of well-aligned ZnO nanorods upright on the substrate at <i>τ</i> = 20 min. EDS analysis confirms the high quality ZnO film formation with a slightly rich oxygen concentration. The films exhibit optical transmittance &gt;90%, with the highest of 95% when deposited for 24 min. There is a rise in crystallite size along with film thickness; however, bandgap energy (<i>E</i>_<i>g</i>) declines with a rise in <i>τ</i>. The inverse relation of <i>E</i>_<i>g</i> with Urbach energy (<i>E</i>_<i>u</i>) is attributed to superior crystallinity at lower <i>E</i>_<i>u</i>. Under optimal deposition time <i>τ</i> = 20 min, the film shows the highest dark conductivity 108.2 S/cm, free electron concentration <i>η</i> = 3.76 <b>×</b> 10¹⁹ /cm³, and mobility <i>μ</i> = 17.98 cm²V⁻¹ s⁻¹. For <i>τ</i> = 20 min, the film exhibits the best figure of merit, <i>Φ</i>_TC-H = 2.03 <b>×</b> 10⁻³ Ω⁻¹, <i>Φ</i>_TC-H-HR = 4.11 <b>×</b> 10⁻² Ω^−1/12, and the least sheet resistance, <i>R</i>_<i>s</i> = 275 Ω/□.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"104 5","pages":"2352-2364"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147683792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental methods in chemical engineering: Atomic absorption spectrometry—AAS","authors":"Emily Cintia Tossi de A. Costa,&nbsp;Jildimara de Jesus Santana,&nbsp;Viviane de Oliveira Campos,&nbsp;Felipe Fernandes Barbosa,&nbsp;Gregory S. Patience","doi":"10.1002/cjce.70314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.70314","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Elements absorb electromagnetic radiation (light) of a specific wavelength in proportion to the number of atoms in its path. As the atoms absorb this light energy, electrons rise from the ground state to an excited state. In atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), high temperatures produce clouds of atoms from the sample (atomization) and polychromatic radiation passes through it. Monochromators isolate specific emission lines that enter the spectrophotometer. Flames atomize fine sprays produced by nebulizers in flame AAS (FAAS) (2000 K for air/acetylene and 3000 K for <span></span><math>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>N</mi>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <mi>O</mi>\u0000 </mrow></math>/acetylene). In graphite furnace AAS (GF-AAS), samples are dried then atomize at 1800 to 3000 K. AAS remains a reliable, affordable, and robust technique for detecting trace metals, metalloids (e.g., As, Sb) and even non-metals, such as P and Se, securing its place alongside modern plasma techniques that have multi-element capability. Advances in electronics and instrumentation have made AAS faster, more precise, and easier to operate. High-resolution continuous source AAS (HR-CS AAS) improves accuracy and handles background correction better. Unlike XRF, AAS is a destructive technique to quantify elemental concentration; however, its ability to deliver high sensitivity and selectivity continues to make it indispensable for analytical chemistry. Coupling AAS with pre-concentration and extraction strategies enhances sensitivity to detect trace metals even in complex matrices. A bibliometric analysis clusters AAS research into categories centred on: (1) waste water, catalysis, and nanoparticles, (2) FAAS and transition metals (Cr, Co, Ni), (3) microbial applications and Cu, Fe, Ag, Zn, and (4) soil, pollution, and metals (Pb, Cd, Hg).</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"104 5","pages":"2206-2224"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cjce.70314","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147683947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CJCE 2025 Editor's Choices","authors":"João B. P. Soares","doi":"10.1002/cjce.70309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.70309","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"104 5","pages":"2204-2205"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147683663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A resilience evaluation method for multi-hazard domino-effect accidents in chemical industry parks considering safety barriers","authors":"Tingyu Gao,&nbsp;Guohua Chen","doi":"10.1002/cjce.70137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.70137","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The concentration of chemical enterprises in chemical industry parks (CIPs) has led to the accumulation of hazardous chemical risks, frequent multi-hazard coupling accidents, and escalation of domino effects. Existing evaluation methods struggle to characterize the interrelations between hazards, adaptability, and recovery characteristics. This work proposes a resilience-assessment method for multi-hazard coupling domino-effects accidents in CIPs, considering safety barriers to fill these gaps. First, multi-hazard coupling scenarios are identified by integrating the temporal clustering and spatial aggregation features of hazards. Second, the hazard disruption-system feedback response mechanism is analyzed to establish a quantitative resilience model for CIPs. Third, the probabilities of multi-hazard interactions and domino-effect escalation are quantified to evaluate the influence of safety barriers on accident occurrence probabilities. Finally, case simulations are conducted to compare the impacts of different safety-barrier configurations on resilience, providing recommendations for optimizing safety barriers in CIPs. Results indicate that the effectiveness of safety barriers significantly influences the strength of system adaptability and recovery capabilities in multi-hazard coupling domino-effect scenarios. Their performance directly affects the trough depth and recovery slope of the system-performance curve.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"104 5","pages":"2416-2429"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147683264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of bio-lubricants from Madhuca longifolia and Ricinus communis oils via 3-step chemical modification process for enhanced properties","authors":"Mansi Tiwari,&nbsp;Susarla V. A. R. Sastry,&nbsp;Sandeep Kumar","doi":"10.1002/cjce.70014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Though numerous studies on the tribological performance of edible and non-edible oils have been carried out, the tribological performance of edible and non-edible oils under extreme conditions is not completely discussed. Very limited work has been done to examine the performance of lubricants produced by transesterification, epoxidation, and oxirane ring opening (ORO) reaction steps with non-edible oils using various alcohols. Castor oil-based lubricant (COL) showed better lubrication properties than mahua oil-based lubricant (MOL). For the ORO step, the reaction with octanol gives a better quality of lubricant than that with butanol. However, improvement in the quality and rheological properties was found for all the samples of COL and MOL in comparison to mineral base oil. The lubricant formed by the reaction of castor epoxide with octanol has shown 30% improvement, and castor epoxide with butanol has shown 20% improvement. The lubricant formed by the reaction of mahua epoxide with octanol has shown 30% improvement, and mahua epoxide with butanol has shown 15% improvement. This work shows the dependence of the properties of bio-based lubricant on the ORO reaction with different alcohols, and this can be used to enhance the lubricant performance in terms of various rheological properties like viscosity index, density, and so forth. As the non-edible oils have lower viscosity index, giving them a disadvantage in comparison to mineral oil, this research increases the viscosity index of the non-edible oils and gives them better lubrication properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"104 4","pages":"1863-1876"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147562326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}