Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Selective hydrogenation of dimethyl terephthalate to dimethyl 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate over zeolite-supported Ru catalysts","authors":"Haoyu Han,&nbsp;Tao Yang,&nbsp;Jie Fan,&nbsp;Jingyi Yang,&nbsp;Meng Zhang,&nbsp;ZhongYi Liu","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.25625","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dimethyl 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate (DMCD) is an important chemical product, which is widely used in the synthesis of polyester resins, polyamides, and plasticizers. It is generally prepared via dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) selective hydrogenation. Herein, the zeolite (ZSM-5-25/50/100, ZSM-35, MOR, and β)-supported Ru catalysts were prepared and employed for DMT hydrogenation. Compared to the other zeolites, MOR-supported Ru showed the best performance (DMT conversion: 100%, DMCD selectivity: 81.67% at the conditions of 180°C, 4 MPa H₂, 3 h, 2-propanol as solvent, and m(DMT):m(Cat.) = 5:1). After optimizing the reaction conditions, DMT conversion and DMCD selectivity finally reached 100% and 95.09%, respectively, at 140°C, 6 MPa H₂, 4 h, ethyl acetate as solvent, and m(DMT):m(Cat.) = 2.5:1. Furthermore, Ru/MOR exhibited good reusability with no significant decrease after 5 cycles. The employed catalysts were comprehensively characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N₂-physisorption, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), H₂-TPR, NH₃ temperature-programmed desorption (NH₃-TPD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), and CO pulse experiment. The results indicated that Ru/MOR had higher Ru dispersion and stronger metal–support interaction. Moreover, Ru/MOR exhibited greater specific surface area and larger pore size, enhancing the adsorption efficiency of the reactants.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"103 9","pages":"4402-4412"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144767677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel water-soluble nano-additive incorporated to PPSU membrane for textile dye removal","authors":"Younus Rashid Taha,&nbsp;Adel Zrelli,&nbsp;Nejib Hajji,&nbsp;Qusay Alsalhy,&nbsp;Muhammad Rafiq,&nbsp;Muhammad Irfan","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.25622","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In order to develop a polyphenylsulfone (PPSU) membrane for the removal of textile dyes, a novel water-soluble known as partly cross-linked nanoparticles graft copolymer (PCLNPG) is presented in this study as a pore forming agent. In order to fully investigate its effects on properties of the membrane surface, the morphology, and the porosity, and performance, the PCLNPG concentration in the PPSU solution was changed. The results showed that the novel membrane's hydrophilicity and porosity enhanced when it was made using a 0.75 wt.% PCLNPG. To investigate the impact of PCLNPG nanoparticles on the characterization of the novel nanocomposite, a variety of testing methods were utilized. Additionally, longer finger-like pores and a more porous structure were created when the PCLNPG content increased. However, the highest values of water flux and Congo red (CR) dye rejection was 147.05 L ∙ m⁻² ∙ h⁻¹ and 98.59%, respectively. According to results, treating textile wastewater with PPSU/PCLNPG membranes could be a beneficial choice due to its performance features.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"103 9","pages":"4456-4472"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144767678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on non-contact infrared imaging technique for multilayer storage identification of oil tanks based on an improved edge-detection algorithm","authors":"Yao-Yu Wei,&nbsp;Hong-Wei Chen,&nbsp;Yang Li,&nbsp;Yu-Jun Guo","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.25621","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Detection of internal storage objects in tanks is crucial for production in the petrochemical industry and chemical raw material storage. Compared to traditional methods, infrared detection provides benefits like non-contact operation, safety, and efficiency. In image processing, utilizing edge detection to obtain edge information is an advanced approach. By analyzing the thermal texture in infrared tank images and extracting boundaries between different regions, it is possible to predict the volume of internal storage. To address the issues of noise, lack of clarity, and discontinuity in existing image edge detection methods, a novel edge detection algorithm called wavelet transform and mathematical morphological fusion to improve edge detection (WMF-IED) is proposed. Compared to the Roberts, Prewitt, Sobel, and Laplacian of Gaussian (LOG) methods, the WMF-IED algorithm offers several advantages. It not only provides clear and continuous edges but also exhibits minimal mean squared error (MSE). Additionally, it achieves maximum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR). These factors show the proposed algorithm's superior performance. Moreover, an experimental platform for storage tanks was designed and constructed to analyze the detection of internal storage contents using the proposed WMF-IED algorithm. The results demonstrate that the WMF-IED algorithm has strong universality and can detect the edges of various internal storage. The volume prediction errors using the WMF-IED algorithm are less than 4% and 6% for liquid level detection and sludge detection, respectively. Based on the analysis and experimental results, a recommended sampling value is proposed, which can be selected to obtain the minimum error.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"103 9","pages":"4554-4570"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144767702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication of pH-sensitive bacterial cellulose/carboxymethyl cellulose hybrid hydrogel beads in agitated culture for oral drug delivery","authors":"Ali Sattari,&nbsp;Ali Basirattalab,&nbsp;Iran Alemzadeh","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.25609","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bacterial cellulose (BC), a biopolymer with unique properties, has been employed in numerous biomedical applications. Carboxymethyl cellulose was introduced to the agitated culture of <i>Gluconacetobacter xylinus</i> to produce pH-responsive BC hydrogel beads. It was shown by x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis that adding carboxymethyl cellulose to the agitated culture increased the crystallinity of the hydrogel beads. Scanning electron microscopy exhibited the 3-D porous structure of microfibrils and the reverse effect of adding carboxymethyl cellulose on the hydrogels' porosity. The hydrogels were loaded with ibuprofen sodium salt (IbuNa), and their release and swelling studies were conducted in the simulated gastric and simulated intestinal fluids. It was observed that by increasing the amount of carboxymethyl cellulose in the culture medium, the pH responsivity of the beads was increased. Thus, this study shows the potential of the BC/CMC system as an oral drug delivery system.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"103 8","pages":"3521-3530"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144551369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling and kinetics of the toluene/methylcyclohexane-based hydrogen storage system","authors":"Jiahui Wang,&nbsp;Peiya Li,&nbsp;Shiyuan Wang,&nbsp;Shuhan Lu,&nbsp;Qinchuan Shi,&nbsp;Bin Wang,&nbsp;Xiang Gong,&nbsp;Fusheng Yang,&nbsp;Tao Fang","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.25608","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The coupling of toluene and methylcyclohexane is one of the most promising liquid organic hydrogen carriers. In this study, the kinetics models of toluene hydrogenation and methylcyclohexane dehydrogenation are established. The reactions were carried out in fixed bed reactors, and the kinetics parameters were fitted with the obtained data. In this experiment, hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions were carried out under ambient pressure. Ni/SGA_C_nTES catalyst was employed for toluene hydrogenation, the fitting activation energy <span></span><math>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>E</mi>\u0000 <mi>a</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow></math> is 36.27 kJ/mol, and the preexponential factor <span></span><math>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>k</mi>\u0000 <mn>0</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow></math> is 1212 s⁻¹. Meanwhile, the catalyst of Pt/MgAl₂O₄ was for methylcyclohexane dehydrogenation, the fitting activation energy <span></span><math>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>E</mi>\u0000 <mi>a</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow></math> is 83.92 kJ/mol, and the preexponential factor <span></span><math>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>k</mi>\u0000 <mn>0</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow></math> is 7.28 × 10⁶ s⁻¹. Aspen Plus was used to simulate on a larger scale and determine the optimal process conditions: the optimum reaction conditions for toluene hydrogenation were determined to be 185°C and 0.3 MPa, and the optimized hydrogen flow rate is 3970 kg/d (The molar ratio is 5.88). Additionally, the optimal conditions for methylcyclohexane dehydrogenation are 325°C and 0.15 MPa.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"103 8","pages":"3877-3887"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144551368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital twins: Transforming the chemical process industry—A review","authors":"Pratyush Kumar Pal,&nbsp;Abhiram Hens,&nbsp;Narottam Behera,&nbsp;Sandip Kumar Lahiri","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.25611","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Digital twin (DT) technology represents a significant advancement in the digital transformation of the chemical process industry (CPI), offering innovative capabilities for real-time monitoring, predictive maintenance, and process optimization. This review investigates the current deployment status, frameworks, architectures, and applications of DTs within CPI, highlighting their transformative potential in improving operational efficiency, enhancing safety, and promoting sustainability. By examining case studies from industry leaders and analyzing recent advancements, this study elucidates the critical roles of DTs in asset health monitoring, process optimization, and environmental performance. The review identifies key components of DT frameworks, including data integration, hybrid modelling, and real-time analytics, which are essential for effective implementation. It further explores challenges such as high computational requirements, integration with legacy systems, cybersecurity risks, and the lack of standardization, which impede widespread adoption. Despite these challenges, the paper emphasizes opportunities for leveraging advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence, edge computing, and 5G connectivity to enhance DT capabilities and scalability. In addition, this review underscores the importance of DTs in addressing global sustainability goals, mainly through their ability to optimize energy consumption, reduce emissions, and facilitate circular economy practices. By synthesizing insights from academia and industry, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of DTs' current state and future potential in CPI, offering strategic directions for research and development. The findings contribute to advancing the deployment of DTs as a cornerstone technology in achieving operational excellence, safety, and sustainability in the chemical process industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"103 8","pages":"3611-3636"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144551370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation of a bubbling fluidized bed reactor for phosphogypsum decomposition with carbon monoxide","authors":"Fadoua Laasri,&nbsp;Navid Mostoufi,&nbsp;Adrian Carrillo Garcia,&nbsp;Jamal Chaouki","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.25618","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Phosphogypsum (PG), a by-product of the phosphoric acid industry and rich in calcium sulphate (CaSO₄), has an unfavourable environmental impact, making its management one of the crucial issues of phosphoric acid production. As a result, PG production is integrated with or without treatment in many industries, such as agriculture, building materials, and sulphuric acid. In the latter application, carbon monoxide (CO) is used to decompose PG to extract the sulphur according to a two-parallel reaction producing calcium sulphide (CaS) and calcium monoxide (CaO) in the solid phase. To depict the effect of the solid temperature (<i>T</i>), CO partial pressure (<i>P</i>_CO), inlet gas velocity (<i>U</i>₀), residence time (<span></span><math>\u0000 <mi>τ</mi></math>), particle size (PS), and solid exchange coefficient (<span></span><math>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>K</mi>\u0000 <mi>p</mi>\u0000 </msub></math>) on the overall fluidized bed reactor performance, a simulation study was performed according to the dynamic two-phase model. The results show that CO partial pressure, solid residence time, particle size, and inlet gas velocity have the most significant effect on the PG conversion. On the other hand, the temperature and partial pressure of CO have the most critical effect on product selectivity. The concentration profiles of both reactants CaSO₄ and CO reveal that the reaction in the emulsion phase is faster than in the bubble phase due to the good mixing in this phase.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"103 8","pages":"3555-3567"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144551371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fault diagnostic method based on transfer dynamic deep learning for few shot temporal–spatial correlation industry process","authors":"Ying Tian,&nbsp;Yuanlong Lou,&nbsp;Jingyi Ou,&nbsp;Xiuhui Huang,&nbsp;Zhanquan Sun","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.25614","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Data-based fault diagnosis plays a crucial role in ensuring the safety of industrial processes. However, the complex industry process often has temporal–spatial correlation with insufficient labelled fault data. To settle these problems, a new transfer dynamic deep learning strategy that combines autoencoder (AE) with gate recurrent unit (GRU) is proposed. First, dynamic AE networks are introduced to extract the single-attribute time series features, and the dynamic GRU is employed to extract the spatial correlation features among multiple feature dimensions and temporal correlation among samples. Then, to solve the problem of insufficiently labelled industrial data, the model-based transfer learning between the sufficient laboratory data and insufficient labelled industrial data is executed. Experimental results based on the Tennessee Eastman (TE) process and the benchmark simulation model 1 (BSM1) process show that the proposed approach has excellent performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"103 8","pages":"3853-3876"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144551367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High fidelity numerical simulation of ethylene epoxidation packed bed","authors":"Bing Yuan,&nbsp;Chuanxia Hu,&nbsp;Pin Liu,&nbsp;Jinjun Guo,&nbsp;Xiaodong Long,&nbsp;Congbin Jiang","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.25613","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Packed bed reactors with a low tube-to-particle diameter ratio are mainly used in strong exothermic/endothermic reaction systems. However, the traditional plug flow packed bed reactor model is unsuitable for reactors with low <i>N</i> value (i.e., tube-to-particle diameter ratio) due to channelling near the wall and reflux in the bed. In this work, a high fidelity numerical model of packed bed reactor with different macro morphologies of particles was established by coupling the heterogeneous packed bed model, particle internal diffusion model, component migration equation, and reaction kinetics. Taking the packed bed reactor for ethylene epoxidation as an example, the industrial simulation of catalyst particles with different macro morphology was carried out by using this method. The total porosity and porosity distribution of the bed in this model are in good agreement with empirical formulas, with the errors in bed pressure drop and ethylene conversion rate being less than 15%. By using this model to simulate the flow field, temperature field, and internal diffusion of particles in a packed bed reactor with high fidelity, the concentration distribution of each component can be predicted. By comparing the pressure drop, temperature rise, and ethylene conversion rate of packed bed reactors filled with catalyst particles of different macroscopic shapes, it was found that HC2 particle-packed beds have a lower pressure drop and a higher ethylene conversion rate.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"103 8","pages":"4032-4050"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144551335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental methods in chemical engineering–Validation of steady-state simulation","authors":"Caroline Brucel,&nbsp;Émilie Thibault,&nbsp;Gregory S. Patience,&nbsp;Paul Stuart","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.25601","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Steady-state simulation (Aspen, PRO/II, WinGEMS, CADSIM Plus) guides equipment selection, operating conditions, and optimization to design chemical processes like Kraft pulping, specialty chemicals, and petrochemical complexes. Ensuring that the simulation characterizes the yields, heat transfer loads, purity, utilities demand, and profitability requires data that represents the physicochemical and transport properties of each stream and unit operation. Here, we present strategies to validate steady-state simulations against plant data and expectations from operators. To build and validate simulations requires real-time data, but errors contaminate measurements and dynamic conditions—start-up, shut-downs, process upsets—compromise fidelity. A pre-treatment step removes incongruous data to build the simulation on process conditions representative of steady-state. Working through the process with experts (informal validation) and comparing simulation results with plant data (formal validation) reduces gross error with an objective to achieve a simulation accuracy to within one standard deviation of measurement variability. A bibliometric review highlights the limited focus on steady-state simulation validation in the field of process engineering. Most articles mention accuracy but neglect to describe how it is evaluated. Despite this scarcity, validation remains a critical factor in various domains of chemical engineering research. Interviews with professionals offer a practical perspective on the applications of simulation in an industrial context like process monitoring, equipment performance analysis, operator training, and decision-making. Finally, a case study demonstrates how to implement data treatment and validation for Kraft mill brownstock washing department: Applying multiple validation techniques increases the value and confidence in the simulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"103 5","pages":"1945-1964"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cjce.25601","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143836293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}