Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Lyapunov-based adaptive state-space controller for liquid level control of a coupled tank system with unknown model","authors":"Armin Lotfieghlim,&nbsp;Hayriye Tuğba Sekban,&nbsp;Abdullah Başçi","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.25659","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, a Lyapunov-based adaptive state space controller is designed to realize liquid level control in a coupled tank system. The proposed controller is a kind of adaptive control system that combines the principles of state space representation with Lyapunov stability theory to estimate unknown parameters and control a dynamic system. This approach ensures that the system remains stable even when the exact model parameters are unknown or change over time. Moreover, in order to test the performance of the proposed controller, proportional integral (PI) + feedforward (FF) controller is also applied to the same system under the same conditions and the results are compared. The results show that the proposed controller outperforms the PI + FF controller in terms of system response parameters such as rise time, percent overshoot, and settling time. On the other hand, when the error performance metrics integral squared error (ISE), integral time-weighted squared error (ITSE), integral time-weighted absolute error (ITAE), and integral absolute error (IAE) are evaluated, it is seen that the same situation is also realized here, and the proposed controller follows the reference signals with lower error values in real-time studies for different reference signals.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"103 10","pages":"4890-4903"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening of parameters and optimization of nickel extraction by green emulsion liquid membrane using statistical experimental design","authors":"Farzin Sadehlari,&nbsp;Guilherme Ozorio Cassol,&nbsp;Stevan Dubljevic","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.25657","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study focuses on the extraction of nickel ions from an aqueous solution using a green emulsion liquid membrane (GELM). Its primary objective is to choose between corn oil and sunflower oil as a solvent in GELM and compare their performance with a kerosene-based emulsion liquid membrane (ELM). The membrane phase was made by dissolving the carrier (D2EHPA) and the surfactant (tween 80), in the solvents. Subsequently, the membrane was emulsified with the stripping agent (sulphuric acid) to produce the GELM. A Plackett–Burman design was employed to determine the key parameters influencing nickel extraction. Among the considered parameters, treatment ratio, surfactant concentration, carrier concentration, and stripping agent concentrations were identified as the significant factors affecting nickel extraction. Parameters such as stirring speed and time, external phase pH, and phase ratio were found to be non-significant and were kept constant. The central composite design method was employed to determine the optimum value of the key parameters. Under the optimal conditions, 98.1% of the nickel ions were successfully extracted. The feasibility of recycling the membrane phase was examined, and the performance of GELMs prepared using both fresh and recovered membrane phases was analyzed. The experimental results showed that the extraction efficiency decreased by 1.02% and 7.99% after two membrane recycling cycles, which was still within the acceptable range.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"103 9","pages":"4106-4124"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cjce.25657","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144767243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of flow regimes and volumetric phase fraction of vertical upward gas–liquid–solid three-phase flow","authors":"Ronaldo Luís Höhn,&nbsp;Abderraouf Arabi,&nbsp;Sylvana Verónica Varela Ballesta,&nbsp;Paolo Juan Sassi,&nbsp;Jordi Pallarès,&nbsp;Youssef Stiriba","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.25663","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Gas–liquid–solid flows are important in many industrial productions and processes. The hydrodynamic of gas–liquid–solid three-phase vertical upward flows and how the presence of solid particles may affect the two-phase flow system properties are less investigated and understood compared to gas–liquid two-phase flow. The present study is an attempt to bridge this gap in vertical pipe through an experimental investigation of flow regimes and volumetric holdup with solid particles less dense than liquid phase, similar to hydrates. The experiments are carried out using air–water and polypropylene pellets solid particles and a 30 mm ID vertical pipe. Three solid volumetric concentrations (5%, 10%, and 20%) were investigated, and the results are compared with those obtained with gas–liquid two-phase flow. In the conditions of experimental measurements carried out, four flow regimes, namely cap bubble-to-slug, slug, churn, and dispersed bubble flows, were reported. These flow regimes were observed on both two-phase and three-phase flow conditions. Meanwhile, the injection of solids induced a shift of slug-to-churn flow transition. The study allows notably to prove that the existing predictive models of flow transition and liquid holdup developed for two-phase flow can be extended to three-phase flow by considering the gas–liquid–solid three-phase as gas–slurry two-phase flow.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"103 9","pages":"4513-4539"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144767244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of ion exchange cryogel functionalization via the epoxy method for protein adsorption from ora-pro-nobis (Pereskia aculeata)","authors":"Mariana Oliveira Mendes,&nbsp;Ana Cristina Freitas de Oliveira Meira,&nbsp;Paula Chequer Gouveia Mól,&nbsp;Isabelle Cristina Oliveira Neves,&nbsp;Luis Antonio Minim,&nbsp;Jaime Vilela de Resende,&nbsp;Lizzy Ayra Alcântara Veríssimo","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.25660","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ora-pro-nobis (OPN) is a plant with a high protein content. The development of new adsorbents that enable the separation of biomolecules while preserving their bioactivity has attracted the interest of researchers. This work reports the functionalization of cryogel via the epoxy method and its application in the adsorption of OPN proteins through ion exchange, using amino acids. Among the pH values and types of ion exchange ligands evaluated (cysteine, taurine, polyethyleneimine, and glutamic acid), the highest adsorption of OPN proteins (54.44 mg g⁻¹) was observed at pH 5.5 for the cryogel functionalized with glutamic acid (cryogel-GA). The optimal conditions for cryogel functionalization were obtained at 50°C for 28 h, with an adsorption capacity of 103.37 ± 4.60 mg g⁻¹. The effective bonding between glutamic acid's carboxylic/amine groups and the cryogel's epoxy groups increases adsorption site density. The cryogel-GA retained high porosity (0.92%) and water retention capacity, crucial for protein purification from crude extracts. The Langmuir model was fitted to the equilibrium adsorption isotherms, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 76.34 mg g⁻¹ at 8°C, 172.41 mg g⁻¹ at 15°C, 252.56 mg g⁻¹ at 25°C, and 400 mg g⁻¹ at 35°C. OPN protein adsorption on cryogel-GA increased with temperature. Thermodynamic analysis based on the Van't Hoff relationship indicated that the process was spontaneous (<span></span><math>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>∆</mo>\u0000 <msubsup>\u0000 <mi>G</mi>\u0000 <mi>ads</mi>\u0000 <mo>°</mo>\u0000 </msubsup>\u0000 </mrow></math> = −18.03 kJ mol⁻¹ at 35°C) and entropically driven, confirming its feasibility. These results demonstrate that cryogel-GA is a promising matrix for ion exchange protein capture processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"103 10","pages":"5081-5093"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A holistic approach for assessing occupational health risk due to fugitive emissions in petrochemical processes: Leak hazard index (LHI)","authors":"Yousef A. Alhamdani,&nbsp;Mimi H. Hassim,&nbsp;Salim M. Shaik","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.25627","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fugitive emissions (FE) are unintentional and undesirable leaks of hazardous gases that come from petrochemical piping components such as valves, flanges, and pumps. Fugitive emissions represent a serious threat to the health of petrochemical workers. Based on the source, pathway, receptor (SPR) model, the occupational health (OH) risk due to fugitive emissions is a combination of the health hazards that originate from the source (i.e., process materials, conditions, and design), the leak hazard that represents the pathway, and the exposure hazard that takes place at the receptor. These three hazards bear a resemblance to the severity, probability of leakage, and probability of exposure, respectively. The severity was covered in a previous article related to this study. This paper concentrates on the probability of leakage. The exposure will be covered in a subsequent work to be published later. The OH risk is usually evaluated based on FE amount estimations made based on emission factors developed for different process piping components. This type of evaluation, however, does not consider maintenance that is put in place to control leaks from process piping components. This paper attempts to address and reduce this gap through the development of an index-based method named the leak hazard index (LHI). The LHI is meant to determine the probability of leakages, taking into consideration the effectiveness of maintenance programs that are regularly executed to reduce or prevent leaks from process piping components. The demonstration of the LHI reveals a reliable and realistic evaluation of the probability of leakage.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"103 9","pages":"4314-4328"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144768050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robust optimization of chemical process networks based on Louvain-KBICD community division rewiring algorithm","authors":"Tongtong Xie,&nbsp;Zheng Wang,&nbsp;Zhaofei Dong,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Zhai","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.25650","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Previous work using the rewiring algorithm for robust optimization of chemical process networks did not take into account the existence of community structures between networks, thereby reducing the extent of robust optimization. Therefore, this paper proposes a robust optimization of chemical process networks based on the Louvain-KBICD community division rewiring algorithm. This algorithm firstly employs the K-shell-based algorithm with improved comprehensive degree (KBICD) to identify the key nodes of the network; it then proposes the community division of the network based on the Louvain-KBICD algorithm; and finally, it performs a robust optimization, respectively, by using the rewiring algorithm that reserves the node degree within the communities and the intelligent rewiring algorithm based on the average degree improvement between the communities. The case study proves that the key nodes identification algorithm proposed in this paper solves the problems of low resolution and insufficient identification accuracy of the previous algorithms, and the resolution is improved by 0.6607 and 0.8139 compared with the benchmark algorithm, respectively; the community division algorithm improves the quality of the network community division, and reduces the complexity of the community division, improving the quality of the community division by 11.20% and 14.58%, respectively; and the robust optimization algorithm effectively improves the extent of robust optimization of chemical process networks and preserves the initial community structure of the network while optimizing, meaning the robust optimization extent can reach 62.19%, 80.97% and 64.94%, 76.39% under two attacks, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"103 9","pages":"4374-4389"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144767959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation study on atomization characteristics of swirl nozzle for dust removal of coke dry quenching","authors":"Bochen Xie,&nbsp;Xucheng Zhang,&nbsp;Jiayu Zhu,&nbsp;Peng Liang,&nbsp;Zhining Zhang,&nbsp;Yaling Wang,&nbsp;Yaqing Zhang","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.25654","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To study the atomization characteristics of nozzles during the wet dust removal process of coke dry quenching (CDQ), the swirl nozzle, plain orifice nozzle, air-blast atomizing nozzle, and effervescent atomizing nozzle commonly used in engineering were simulated. Droplet distribution and particle size produced by different types of nozzles were obtained by using Fluent software. The simulation was performed using the realizable <i>k</i>-<i>ε</i> turbulence model, the discrete phase model (DPM), and the Taylor analogical breaking (TAB) model. While simulating the atomization characteristics of pressure swirl nozzle at different diameters and pressures, it was found that a nozzle with a diameter of 1.5 mm produced smaller droplet sizes and a more uniform distribution. The droplets near the nozzle had a small size, were affected by airflow and gravity, and collided with other droplets during migration, resulting in the increase of some droplet size. At the water supply pressure of 10 or 12 MPa, the size of almost atomized droplets was below 100 μm. Diameter of 1.5 mm pressure swirl atomizing nozzle at the water supply pressure of 12 MPa is the preferred working conditions of CDQ dust removal. When Ca(OH)₂ solution was used as the medium for atomization dust removal and SO₂ adsorption, the spray particle size range was 4.44 × 10⁻⁵ ~ 2.94 × 10⁻⁴ m, which was smaller and more uniform than when the water was used as the medium. This study could provide preliminary data reference for the collaborative removal of dust and gaseous pollutants in the wet dust removal process of CDQ.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"103 10","pages":"4844-4858"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fault diagnosis of batch processes for small samples based on contrastive learning","authors":"Jingyun Xu,&nbsp;Zongyu Yao,&nbsp;Qingchao Jiang","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.25651","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fault diagnosis plays a critical role in process engineering. Existing methods often depend on large datasets for continuous process. However, for batch processes, some key variables are transient and often measured offline. Hence, the size of available datasets is small, making it difficult to effectively extract useful features for diagnosis. To overcome this limitation, this paper proposes a gated transformer network based on supervised contrastive learning (SCGTN), specifically designed for fault diagnosis in small-sample batch processes. SCGTN incorporates a dual-channel gated transformer network to independently extract features from the temporal dimension and multi-variable statistics of batch process data. In this proposed framework, a supervised contrastive cost function has been incorporated as one of the loss terms into the total loss function to enhance the discriminative power of the learned representations in the feature space. The model parameters are then optimized by considering both the supervised contrastive loss and the cross-entropy loss. Experimental results demonstrate that this method can effectively capture deep feature representations and perform reliable fault diagnosis in small-sample scenarios. When compared to four other methods, SCGTN exhibits superior prediction accuracy and stronger generalization capabilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"103 9","pages":"4360-4373"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144767958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of wettability on saturation distribution and separation performance in oily wastewater treatment using mixed woven fibre bed coalescers","authors":"Huiqing Luo,&nbsp;Ruilong Li,&nbsp;Zhishan Bai","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.25658","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fibre bed coalescers are widely utilized in oil–water separation applications. Due to the diverse nature of oil–water emulsions and the complexity of the separation process mechanism, the design and operation of fibre bed coalescers still rely heavily on empirical data, warranting further investigation. In this study, two types of polymer fibres with opposite wettability in oil-in-water environments were respectively combined with stainless steel fibres to prepare mixed woven fibre beds. The separation performance was compared by examine the saturation distribution in the wettable and nonwettable coalescing media. The effects of key factors influencing the separation process were also explored. The saturation profiles of the wettable and nonwettable fibre beds differed, with the wettable coalescing media showing more stable performance under high inlet oil concentration compared to the nonwettable media. Additionally, an industrial-scale trial was conducted to treat oily wastewater generated in the process of organosilicon production.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"103 9","pages":"4473-4484"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144767960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling of thixotropic behaviour of oil sand tailings during withdrawal","authors":"Konstantin Pougatch,&nbsp;Neville Dubash,&nbsp;Clara Gomez,&nbsp;Barry Bara,&nbsp;Adeola Bello-Hamilton","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.25638","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A mathematical model for fluid fine tailings withdrawal from a pond is developed and adjusted based on the rheological experiments of structure breakdown and buildup. The model includes thixotropic effects for the viscoplastic fluid and is coupled with the Navier–Stokes equations to simulate the motion of the slurry during a transient dredging process. Laboratory scale experiments to withdraw tailings from a small cylindrical vessel were carried out in the lab to facilitate model validation. The comparison of the evolution of the free surface height demonstrated good agreement between the measured and predicted profiles. The model provides insights into the tailings withdrawal process and highlights the thixotropy effect in changing the rheology of the tailings. The modelling can be utilized to support development of efficient mitigation techniques that would help to optimize tailings withdrawal strategy from a pond.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"103 9","pages":"4205-4219"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144767943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}