Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Perspectives on 40-year careers—University of Calgary Chemical & Petroleum Engineering graduating class of 1983","authors":"Robert E. Wichert,&nbsp;Anil K. Mehrotra,&nbsp;Gregory S. Patience","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25468","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cjce.25468","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Only a few of the students who graduated from Chemical &amp; Petroleum Engineering at the University of Calgary found jobs in 1983 because of a severe recession and the National Energy Program artifically deflating the oil price. Despite the slow start to their careers, the graduates have made substantial contributions to industry, government agencies, and academia. They worked on over 60 projects in more than 40 countries, many of which were valued in the billions of dollars (excluding projects in Canada). Because of the volatility in the petroleum industry, the graduates often moved from one company to another: 6 individuals worked for 10 or more companies, while only 2 spent their entire career at a single company. In 1981, we were told that the half-life of an engineering career was 5 years, but while many did take up senior management positions and business roles, most remained very close to the engineering profession throughout their careers. Here, we summarize the career paths in broad terms, like how frequently graduates changed jobs, how much time they averaged in each company, and mention the role of education in their work. Of the 60 students who graduated in 1983, this perspective article excludes seven engineers who passed away prematurely, and another seven who could not be reached.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"102 11","pages":"3702-3710"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142195301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A critical review of membranes made of nanofibres polymeric materials for application of treating oily wastewater","authors":"Thamer Diwan,&nbsp;Mustafa H. Al-Furaiji,&nbsp;Zaidun N. Abudi,&nbsp;Mohammed Awad,&nbsp;Qusay F. Alsalhy","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25449","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cjce.25449","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Oily wastewater poses a significant threat to human health and the environment, especially when it contains emulsified oil. Traditional treatment methods often fail to address this type of wastewater effectively. Therefore, developing advanced treatment methods to make such water suitable for various applications has become a pressing issue. The electrospinning technology has emerged as the most effective method due to its high separation efficiency. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the methodologies employed in nanofibres production across diverse techniques, along with concise insights. It also offers a survey of various methods for fabricating polymer membranes via the electrospinning technique, shedding light on the parameters affecting the electrospinning process. Furthermore, this review elucidates the fundamental concepts of membrane fouling, clarifying the mechanisms and factors contributing to fouling. We addressed advantages and disadvantages of methods used to create polymeric nanofibre membranes via the electrospinning technique. The needleless electrospinning technique eliminates the need for a nozzle to jet the nanofibres, preventing clogging. This method results in higher nanofibres production rates compared to the needle electrospinning technique. However, it does require a more complex setup. On the other hand, the needle electrospinning technique is often successfully employed in laboratory-scale settings due to its more straightforward setup. However, it necessitates using a cleaning device for each needle, which can become impractical for nanofibre production. The main challenges facing electrospun nanofibrous membranes were also presented. The development of eco-friendly nanofibers is outlined in the future perspective of this review.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"103 3","pages":"1375-1399"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cjce.25449","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142195305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Catalytic pyrolysis of pine needles: Role of zeolite structure and SiO2/Al2O3 ratio on bio-oil yield and product distribution","authors":"Omvesh Yadav,&nbsp;Meenu Jindal,&nbsp;Richa Bhatt,&nbsp;Akul Agarwal,&nbsp;Bhaskar Thallada,&nbsp;Venkata Chandra Sekhar Palla","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25453","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cjce.25453","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Renewable and sustainable energy production has gained significant attention to meet sustainable development goals (SDGs). Pine needles, an abundant typical forestry residue, can be used as a renewable biomass source for sustainable energy production. Pyrolysis is a well-established and commercialized technique for the thermochemical valorization of lignocellulosic biomass. The present work focuses on improving the bio-oil yield by introducing SiO₂-Al₂O₃-based catalysts, including different zeolites and SiO₂-Al₂O₃ materials with varying SiO₂-Al₂O₃ ratios, during the pyrolysis. Bio-oil yield increased from 45.2 wt.% to 47.2 wt.% with the introduction of SiO₂-Al₂O₃ catalysts and increased to 51.2 wt.% and 50.6 wt.% with HZSM-5 and Y-zeolite, respectively, and decreased to 40.0 wt.% with β-zeolite catalyst. The pyrolysis experiments of physically mixed biomass and catalyst were carried out in a fixed-bed down-flow reactor. Various process parameters such as temperature, retention time, and catalyst-to-biomass ratio were examined to evaluate their effect on product yield. The catalyst's introduction slightly decreased phenolic compound content, enhancing carbonyl and hydrocarbon production. Maximum improvement in bio-oil yield by 6 wt.% was achieved using an H-ZSM-5 catalyst at 450°C temperature and 30 min residence time with a catalyst-to-biomass ratio of 1:4.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"102 11","pages":"3734-3743"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142195341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting three phase (hydrate–liquid–vapour) equilibria of mixed hydrates in guest gas swapping: AI-based approach versus physical modelling","authors":"Gauri Shankar Patel,&nbsp;Amiya K. Jana","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25451","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cjce.25451","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Prior to investigating the guest gas replacement characteristics, the estimation of equilibrium condition for the coexisting hydrate–liquid–vapour (HLV) phases is crucial. For this, there are various studies which have reported the physical thermodynamic model for equilibrium estimation. In this contribution, a data-driven formulation is developed as an alternative approach within the framework of artificial intelligence (AI) to predict the three-phase equilibrium of binary and ternary mixed hydrates associated with guest swapping at diverse geological conditions. For this, we use the experimental data sets related to guest (pure and mixed CO₂) replacement in hydrate structures with and without salts (i.e., single and multiple salts of NaCl, KCl, and CaCl₂). Various training algorithms, namely Levenberg–Marquardt (LM), scaled conjugate gradient (SCG), Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno (BFGS) quasi-Newton, and Bayesian regularization (BR), are employed to formulate the artificial neural network (ANN) model. Performing a systematic comparison between them, we select the best option suited for the hydrate system. The best performing ANN model is compared with an existing physical thermodynamic model for predicting the equilibrium condition in pure water. It is observed that the ANN (BR) model consistently secures the lower percent absolute average relative deviation (i.e., %AARD &lt;2%) than the latest physical model. Finally, the developed AI model is extended to predict the three-phase HLV equilibrium in presence of salt solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"103 3","pages":"1433-1449"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142195340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of artificial intelligence in liquid crystal applications: A review","authors":"Sarah Chattha,&nbsp;Philip K. Chan,&nbsp;Simant R. Upreti","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25452","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cjce.25452","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have significantly influenced scientific discovery and analysis, including liquid crystals. This paper reviews the use of AI in predicting the properties of liquid crystals and improving their sensing applications. Typically, liquid crystals are utilized as sensors in biomedical detection and diagnostics, and in the detection of heavy metal ions and gases. Traditional methods of analysis used in these applications are often subjective, expensive, and time-consuming. To surmount these challenges, AI methods such as convolutional neural networks (CNN) and support vector machines (SVM) have been recently utilized to predict liquid crystal properties and improve the resulting performance of the sensing applications. Large amounts of data are, however, required to fully realize the potential of AI methods, which would also need adequate ethical oversight. In addition to experiments, modelling approaches utilizing first principles as well as AI may be employed to supplement and furnish the data. In summary, the review indicates that AI methods hold great promise in the further development of the liquid crystal technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"103 3","pages":"1060-1082"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cjce.25452","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142195306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical study of gas–solid flow characteristics of cylindrical fluidized beds based on coarse-grained CFD-DEM method","authors":"Zhong Tang,&nbsp;Zhenzhong Li,&nbsp;Shanglong Huang,&nbsp;Chen Yang","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25455","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cjce.25455","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The existing researches lack the comprehensive comparison of the performance of two-fluid model (TFM) and computational fluid dynamics-discrete element model (CFD-DEM) using a cylindrical fluidized bed as a research object. In addition, the applicability of rotational periodic boundary conditions in CFD-DEM simulations of cylindrical fluidized beds is still unclear. Therefore, taking cylindrical fluidized bed as the object and studying the performance of different simulation methods can provide guidance for the selection of simulation methods in subsequent related studies. In the present study, TFM and coarse-grained CFD-DEM were used in simulations of the fluidized bed to evaluate the performance of different numerical methods. Furthermore, the applicability of rotating periodic boundary conditions in CFD-DEM simulations was investigated. The results show that TFM and coarse-grained CFD-DEM perform in general agreement in predicting macro variables (e.g., overall pressure drop and bed height). However, radial void fraction distribution and void fraction probability density function (PDF) distribution of CFD-DEM agreed better with the experimental data. CFD-DEM simulations with rotational periodic boundary conditions applied showed lower predicted void fraction PDF peaks at packed bed heights and poorly modelling particle mixing in the central of cylindrical fluidized bed due to changes in the boundary conditions as well as the number of particle parcels. Therefore, both TFM and CFD-DEM can obtain reasonable macro variables, but CFD-DEM predicted more accurate gas–solid two-phase distribution. The CFD-DEM with rotating periodic boundary conditions could not reasonably predict the pressure drop and gas–solid two-phase distribution inside the cylindrical fluidized bed.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"103 4","pages":"1917-1936"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142195338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study on enhancing oil recovery efficiency through bubble displacement based on microfluidic technology","authors":"Fan Xu,&nbsp;Yujie Jin,&nbsp;Yiqiang Fan","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25456","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cjce.25456","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tight sandstone contains a large number of oil and gas resources, but because of its ultra-low porosity, permeability, and strong hydrophilicity, the oil recovery is low. Microfluidic technology, as an emerging research technique, offers advantages in visualizing fluid flow, reducing experimental reagent consumption, and accurately simulating the pore structure of sandstone using microfluidic chips. This study presents an effective research methodology for improving tertiary oil recovery efficiency in sandstone. By analyzing pore slice images of sandstone cores and employing image processing techniques, the study extracted characteristic dimensions of the sandstone and designed a microfluidic chip. A displacement system was constructed using high-speed cameras, constant-pressure pumps, and microscopes to monitor the oil displacement process. A bubble generation device based on ultrafiltration membranes was proposed to introduce generated bubbles into the microfluidic chip with a sandstone structure for oil displacement studies. Real-time monitoring of the displacement process was conducted. Water and foam were used as displacing agents to investigate the displacement process in the microfluidic chip mimicking the sandstone core structure. Additionally, analysis and comparison were performed on foam formulation, surfactant concentration, and foam proportion, quantitatively evaluating the oil displacement efficiency under various experimental conditions. The proposed research is helpful for the understanding of the foam flooding process on a micro-scale and of significant application potential for the enhanced oil recovery of sandstone reservoirs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"103 3","pages":"1450-1460"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142195339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing hydrothermal carbonization for enhanced energy production from algal biomass with high moisture content","authors":"Kanta Nakano,&nbsp;Numan Luthfi,&nbsp;Takashi Fukushima,&nbsp;Kenji Takisawa","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25457","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cjce.25457","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recently, the depletion of fossil fuels has become an issue, prompting the search for sustainable alternatives. Algal biomass has gained considerable attention as a promising renewable energy source because of its high production efficiency and adaptability to external environment. However, its high-moisture content escalates the energy requirement during the thermal drying process in algal biomass production. Thus, we proposed a new energy production system using hydrothermal carbonization, which requires no pretreatment even for high moisture content biomass, making it compatible with such materials. Herein, we investigated the decrease in moisture content of algal biomass through hydrothermal carbonization and its effect on the energy production and energy balance of algal biomass. The results showed that hydrothermal carbonization at 240°C for 3 h produced hydrochar with a moisture content of 34.6%. It was found that it was due to changes in surface structures, such as C<span></span>H, CO, and O<span></span>H functional groups, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis. However, the greatest reduction in production energy, 45%, was achieved at 240°C for 4 h. The optimal energy balance was obtained for hydrothermal carbonization at 220°C for 4 h, for which energy production was 2.7 times more efficient than that achieved by conventional methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"103 4","pages":"1673-1682"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cjce.25457","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142195343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coalescence investigations in a small-scale continuously operated setup for bubble column design","authors":"Mark Werner Hlawitschka,&nbsp;Andreas Schleiffer,&nbsp;Jonas Schurr,&nbsp;Stephan Winkler,&nbsp;Daniel Danner","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25458","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cjce.25458","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A novel micro-channel technique for analyzing the coalescence of bubbles and obtaining relevant information for the creation of a coalescence database is presented. The micro-channel improves the coalescence investigations by a continuously operated setup, reduces the accumulation of impurities and increases the amount of recorded data. To introduce the new setup, studies with alcoholic, electrolytic aqueous systems and liquid silicone oil as a second liquid are presented, showing the influence of different concentrations. Artificial intelligence has been successfully developed to automate data generation. This approach improves the understanding of bubble coalescence by introducing a reproducible setup. Furthermore, it facilitates the transition to a predictive column design through data-based decisions and modelling.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"103 4","pages":"1902-1916"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cjce.25458","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142195344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of viscous dissipation, temperature dependent thermal conductivity, and local thermal non-equilibrium on the heat transfer in a porous channel to Casson fluid","authors":"Rajvinder Kaur,&nbsp;Sapna Sharma,&nbsp;Avinash Chandra","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25459","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cjce.25459","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The current paper deals with viscous dissipation effects in a permeable (or porous) channel filled with non-Newtonian Casson fluid by considering the local thermal non-equilibrium (LTNE) model. The dependency of the effective thermal conductivities of the solid and fluid phases on the respective temperatures has been studied along with the spatially varying Biot number. The Brinkman number <span></span><math>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mfenced>\u0000 <mi>Br</mi>\u0000 </mfenced>\u0000 <mo>,</mo>\u0000 </mrow></math> Casson fluid parameter <span></span><math>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mfenced>\u0000 <mi>γ</mi>\u0000 </mfenced>\u0000 </mrow></math>, thermal conductivity variation parameter <span></span><math>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mfenced>\u0000 <mi>δ</mi>\u0000 </mfenced>\u0000 </mrow></math>, porosity <span></span><math>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mfenced>\u0000 <mi>ϵ</mi>\u0000 </mfenced>\u0000 <mo>,</mo>\u0000 </mrow></math> Darcy number <span></span><math>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mfenced>\u0000 <mi>Da</mi>\u0000 </mfenced>\u0000 </mrow></math>, and the ratio of fluid and solid phase thermal conductivities <span></span><math>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mfenced>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>k</mi>\u0000 <mi>r</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <mo>=</mo>\u0000 <mfrac>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>k</mi>\u0000 <mi>f</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>k</mi>\u0000 <mi>s</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mfrac>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </mfenced>\u0000 </mrow></math> are the main governing parameters. The Darcy–Brinkman model is employed to govern the fluid flow in permeable media and the velocity profile has been obtained analytically. Moreover, the energy equations for both phases along with suitable boundary conditions are derived and solved with the fourth order boundary value solver. The findings of the current study depict that the Nusselt number increases with the increment in Casson fluid parameter and decreases with the increment in Brinkman number and thermal conductivity variation parameter. Overall, the heat transmission between the solid and fluid phases increases with the decrement in Brinkman number and thermal conductivity variation parameter. On the other hand, the heat transmission between both the phases magnifies by increasing the value of Casson fluid parameter.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"102 11","pages":"3744-3755"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142195342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}