Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Investigation of the effects of CeO2 addition to MCM-41 supported CrOx catalysts on catalytic performance in isobutane dehydrogenation","authors":"Meltem Dogan,&nbsp;Saliha Cetinyokus","doi":"10.1002/cjce.70248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.70248","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aimed to investigate the effects of the addition of CeO₂ to the chromium-based catalyst on the activity and selectivity of the isobutane dehydrogenation. MCM-41 supported catalysts without Ce and with Ce/Cr mass ratios of 1 and 5 were first prepared hydrothermally (Cr:10%, by mass). As the Ce/Cr ratio increased, the formation of inactive <i>α</i>-Cr₂O₃ decreased and almost disappeared when the Ce/Cr ratio was 5; thus, it was decided to use this ratio in further catalyst preparation. Then, catalysts with and without Ce were prepared by the impregnation method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analyses showed that CeO₂ distribution was better in the hydrothermally prepared catalyst. IR analyses of pyridine adsorbed catalysts showed that the number of Bronsted acid centres increased when CeO₂ was not well dispersed in the catalyst structure prepared by the impregnation method. Since high Bronsted acidity caused more <i>α</i>-hydrogen displacement, the formation of deep oxidation product CO_x increased and lower isobutene selectivities were observed. When Ce was added to the chromium-based catalyst, the total number of acid centres decreased by approximately 50% and the oxygen capacity increased approximately twofold. The decrease in acidity with the addition of Ce also reduced the formation of deep oxidation product CO_x. Ce addition prevented the rapid decrease in conversion and selectivity in the CrO_x catalyst synthesized hydrothermally. Isobutane conversion and isobutene selectivity were maintained at approximately 85% during 2 h reaction period. This was explained by the fact that CeO₂ successfully transferred the oxygen required for the reaction to the neighbouring.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"104 8","pages":"4199-4212"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148394999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of different flue gas recirculation rates on low-NOx combustion characteristics: A numerical simulation based on the combustion process of a gas boiler","authors":"Chao Min,&nbsp;Shuhao Xu,&nbsp;Yitao Yang,&nbsp;Peng Wang","doi":"10.1002/cjce.70286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.70286","url":null,"abstract":"<p>NOx emissions from gas boilers severely impact the environment, and flue gas recirculation (FGR) technology can effectively reduce such emissions, yet the effects of different FGR rates on combustion performance and NOx formation remain unclear. This study thus used numerical simulation (via ANSYS Fluent, adopting the realizable <i>k</i>-<i>ε</i> turbulence model and eddy dissipation combustion model) to investigate variations in combustion characteristics and NOx emissions under different FGR rates, aiming to optimize low-NOx combustion strategies. Results showed that as the recirculation rate increased from 0% to 20%: the maximum velocity in the combustion zone rose from 0.88 to 4.2 m/s; the peak temperature in the high-temperature region dropped from 2091 to 1684 K; the peak wall heat-flux density on furnace sidewalls decreased from ~45 to 28–32 kW/m², with more uniform thermal load distribution; and NOx concentration fell significantly from 110 to 38 mg/m³ (the most notable reduction in the 5%–10% range). Additionally, simulated reactive species distributions matched measured data well in trend and magnitude (deviations ±8%), verifying the numerical model's accuracy and engineering applicability. The findings clarify the mechanisms of FGR rate impacts on low-NOx combustion characteristics, providing theoretical support for optimizing low-NOx combustion technologies and a reference for selecting suitable FGR rates in industrial boiler applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"104 8","pages":"3970-3983"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cjce.70286","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148395044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eco-friendly dye removal: Optimized synthesis of a magnetic Schiff base biocomposite from peanut shell chitosan for enhanced Reactive Blue 19 adsorption","authors":"Alia Khaoula,&nbsp;Atia Djamal,&nbsp;Hafidha Terea,&nbsp;Salah Eddine Laouini,&nbsp;Abderrhmane Bouafia,&nbsp;Mahmood M. S. Abdullah,&nbsp;Tomasz Trzepieciński","doi":"10.1002/cjce.70298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.70298","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study reports the synthesis and application of a Schiff base–functionalized magnetic biocomposite, CS/CLS/Benz/Fe₃O₄, developed from peanut shell–derived chitosan–cellulose, benzoin, and Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles for the efficient adsorption of Reactive Blue 19 (RB19) dye from aqueous media. The composite was characterized using Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confirming a well-developed porous structure and active functional groups. The adsorption process was optimized using Box–Behnken design (BBD) and response surface methodology (RSM), identifying optimal parameters of pH 4.15, contact time 18.16 min, adsorbent dosage 0.04 g, and temperature 56.63°C, which yielded a 99.05% removal efficiency. Kinetic and equilibrium studies revealed that the adsorption followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model and was best described by the Freundlich isotherm, indicating multilayer adsorption on a heterogeneous surface. The maximum adsorption capacity reached 496.4 mg/g at 350 mg/L. The composite maintained excellent magnetic separability and reusability, ensuring easy recovery and stable performance over multiple cycles. These results demonstrate that the developed biocomposite offers a sustainable, cost-effective, and regenerable adsorbent derived from agricultural waste, presenting a promising material for eco-friendly water treatment and dye remediation applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"104 8","pages":"4023-4040"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148394996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of a highly hydrophilic nanocomposite for wettability alteration, water/oil interfacial tension reduction, and enhanced oil recovery","authors":"Ehsan Jafarbeigi,&nbsp;Ehsan Kamari,&nbsp;Amir H. Mohammadi","doi":"10.1002/cjce.70234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.70234","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The development of stable nanofluids (NFs) for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) relies on optimizing interactions between reservoir rocks and fluids. In this manuscript, a new hydrophilic nanocomposite (NC) of zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and polydopamine was synthesized. The novelty of this work lies in the unique multicomponent design that leverages the synergistic action of polydopamine properties and CTAB surfactant functionality, creating a stable agent with dual functionality for superior EOR performance. The NCs structural and morphological properties were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Interfacial behaviour was quantified via contact angle (CA), and interfacial tension (IFT), and core flooding measurements. The results showed that a 70 ppm NC concentration achieved optimal performance, identified through a systematic experimental design. At this concentration, the NF exhibited a strongly negative zeta potential of approximately −50 mV, confirming excellent colloidal stability. It reduced the oil–water IFT from 22 to 1.98 mN/m and altered the contact angle on aged carbonate plates from 155° (oil-wet) to 19° (strongly water-wet). Core flooding tests showed a significant 35% increase in oil recovery over the low-salinity water flood baseline, recovering an additional 26% of the original oil in place (OOIP). Stability testing was also performed through zeta potential analysis. The NCs stability and dual functionality wettability alteration and IFT reduction are attributed to polydopamine properties and cetyltrimethylammonium bromides surfactant action at the oil/water interface. These results underscore the NCs potential as a scalable solution for nano-EOR, with broader applications in subsurface energy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"104 8","pages":"4101-4119"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cjce.70234","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148395000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of chitosan quaternary ammonium salts on the kinetics of methane hydrate formation in multi-complex system","authors":"Ziyang Zhu,&nbsp;Dan Hao,&nbsp;Qinli Lu","doi":"10.1002/cjce.70279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.70279","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biopolymers are widely used in several fields due to their good biocompatibility and environmental friendliness. Therefore, this study focuses on the experimental study of biopolymer chitosan quaternary ammonium salt for methane hydrate growth in multi-complex systems. The synergistic effect was achieved by adding low concentrations of NaCl and L-leucine. The results showed that both effectively promoted the growth of hydrate with increasing concentration in the separate C system. In the CL system, the addition of a small amount of hydrophobic leucine methane uptake was enhanced by up to 179.9% and the induction time was shortened by up to 76.2%; the addition of small amounts of NaCl increases the gas storage capacity by up to 55.1%, and the addition of high concentrations of NaCl limits the final gas storage capacity due to thermodynamic inhibition. It is noteworthy that the addition of NaCl is all effective in facilitating the nucleation for a short period of time (shortening the induction time by 7.9%–59.8%); the addition of a small amount of leucine to the CN system increased the gas storage density by 19.7% (CNL system) The induction times were not significantly different. These findings provide a theoretical basis for hydrate promoters of biomass and a possible pathway for integrating the development and utilization of natural gas hydrates as a future energy source with sustainable development goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"104 8","pages":"4041-4053"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148395071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design principle based on intrinsically safe burner for entrained flow gasification and industrial application","authors":"Jianliang Xu,&nbsp;Guangrun Yang,&nbsp;Xiaoyang Xie,&nbsp;Hui Zhao,&nbsp;Qinfeng Liang,&nbsp;Xiaolei Guo,&nbsp;Zhenghua Dai,&nbsp;Haifeng Liu","doi":"10.1002/cjce.70281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.70281","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Entrained flow gasification technology represents a critical advancement in the clean utilization of coal and organic waste materials. The burner, a core component of gasification systems, has historically suffered from limited operational lifespans due to issues such as erosion, thereby compromising process safety and long-term reliability. This paper proposes an intrinsically safe design principle based on the combustion/gasification reaction process and oxygen jet entrainment within the furnace, which utilizes the isolation of an inert process medium to reduce combustion intensity. Numerical simulations demonstrate that this inert process media isolation method effectively reduces combustion intensity and flame temperature near the burner exit. Based on the proposed design principle, three kinds of gasification burner isolated by coal water slurry, steam, and pulverized coal are developed and applied in industry. The industrial applications show that the service life of the newly developed burners is greatly improved compared with the traditional burner. The service life of a novel coal water slurry burner with partial coal water slurry isolation has exceeded 180 days, and the service life of pulverized coal burner with steam and pulverized coal (oxygen stream in an annular pulverized coal jet) have surpassed 490 and 360 days, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"104 8","pages":"4213-4226"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148395087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering thermochemical reactors using residence time distribution (RTD): Methods, models, and modern approaches","authors":"Arash Javanmard,&nbsp;Fathiah Mohamed Zuki,&nbsp;Wan Mohd Ashri Wan Daud,&nbsp;Muhamad Fazly Abdul Patah","doi":"10.1002/cjce.70241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.70241","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Residence time distribution (RTD) analysis is fundamental in understanding and optimizing reactor behaviour, particularly in thermochemical conversion processes. This review explores the theoretical foundations of RTD, discussing key models such as the dispersion model, tanks-in-series model (TIS), compartment models, and bypassing and dead-zone models, which characterize flow patterns and deviations from ideal reactor behaviour. The study further examines experimental RTD analysis methods, including tracer injection techniques (pulse, step, and impulse-response) and detection methods (conductivity, UV–vis spectroscopy, and radiotracer analysis), emphasizing their role in accurate RTD measurement and interpretation. Computational advancements, particularly computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, are reviewed as essential tools for predicting RTD curves and diagnosing flow non-idealities such as dead zones, bypassing, and back-mixing. The integration of AI and machine learning algorithms is also explored, demonstrating their potential in RTD parameter estimation, optimizing reactor performance, and enabling real-time adjustments through predictive modelling. The review further highlights the impact of RTD on reactor fouling and catalyst deactivation, identifying key strategies for minimizing fouling through RTD-based reactor modifications. Despite the significant progress in RTD analysis, challenges persist in measurement accuracy, data interpretation, and real-time implementation. Future research directions emphasize high-resolution RTD monitoring, hybrid AI-RTD models, and advanced process control strategies to improve reactor efficiency and sustainability. By leveraging RTD-driven reactor optimization, the next generation of thermochemical reactors can achieve enhanced energy efficiency, reduced environmental impact, and improved scalability. This review is a resource for researchers and engineers, outlining current advancements and future opportunities in RTD-based reactor design and process optimization.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"104 7","pages":"3456-3483"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148215106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuous operation of membrane distillation powered by solar vapour absorption refrigeration system using thermal storage tank","authors":"Emad Ali","doi":"10.1002/cjce.70226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.70226","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The continuous operation of membrane distillation (MD) powered by solar-assisted vapour absorption refrigeration (VAR) is studied. A thermal storage tank is utilized under two configurations, namely ST1 and ST2. The design parameters: the solar collector area (&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;A&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;c&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;), mass rate of the supply energy (&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;s&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;), and the storage tank mass (&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;M&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;st&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;) are optimized to achieve minimum loss in power and production (LPG, LPD) and maintain safe temperature for the storage tank. For both structures, using optimal but fixed design parameters throughout the year cannot guarantee optimality. For the ST1 structure, adaptation of &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;M&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;st&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; or the heat supply, &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;Q&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;S&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; (via &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;s&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;) with time can guarantee annual optimal operation. However, the adaptation of &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;M&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;st&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; can achieve a 33% and 22% reduction in &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;A&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;c&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; and the total number of MD units, compared to that of adaptive &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;Q&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;s&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;. Although the average distillate production is reduced by 33%, the average distillate production per surface area is improved by 3.5%. For the ST2 structure, the adaptation of &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;M&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;st&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt; can also provide minimum LPG and LPD but with minor violations of the safe tank temperature. Moreover, the ST2 structure outperforms the ST1 in terms of 44.5% and 71.4% reduction in surface area and number of MD units. Nevertheless, the ST1 structure overtakes ST2 in the sense of 47.7% higher average distillate production","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"104 7","pages":"3418-3443"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148215110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smiling warnings and silent complicity: An autoethnographic reflection on academic bullying and mobbing","authors":"Daniele Marchisio","doi":"10.1002/cjce.70374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.70374","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Academic bullying and mobbing are increasingly recognized as systemic features of contemporary higher education rather than isolated interpersonal conflicts. Academic bullying refers to sustained hostile behaviour, often enacted by individuals in positions of power, aimed at undermining a colleague's dignity, credibility, or career progression. Academic mobbing, by contrast, involves group-based harassment in which multiple actors participate, directly or indirectly, in the marginalization of a target. Drawing on autoethnography, this article presents three anonymized vignettes from the field of chemical engineering to illustrate how identity-based coercion, institutional indifference, and enabling behaviours operate within academic culture. These narratives are situated within existing empirical literature, including large-scale survey data on abusive supervision in STEM disciplines. The analysis highlights the central role of power asymmetries, competitive pressures, organizational narcissism, and the normalization of excellence as mechanisms that render bullying morally ambiguous or institutionally invisible. Particular attention is paid to the role of enablers who sustain abusive dynamics through silence, minimization, or victim-blaming. The article concludes by outlining structural and cultural interventions, including enforceable codes of conduct, systematic data collection, and collective awareness initiatives, as necessary steps toward fostering ethical and inclusive academic environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"104 7","pages":"3364-3368"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cjce.70374","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148215120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesizing polyethersulphone membranes with hybrid iron/nickel nanoparticles for dyes removal: An efficient biogenesis approach","authors":"Qusay A. Almajras,&nbsp;Ahmed K. Hassan,&nbsp;Dahiru Lawal,&nbsp;Mohammed Awad,&nbsp;Raed A. Al-Juboori,&nbsp;Muhammad Irfan,&nbsp;Muhammad Rafiq,&nbsp;Qusay F. Alsalhy","doi":"10.1002/cjce.70229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.70229","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Industrial wastewater contamination by azo dyes poses a significant environmental challenge. This study reports the green synthesis of bimetallic iron/nickel (Fe/Ni) nanoparticles using moringa leaf extract, which acted as both a reducing and capping agent, and their incorporation into polyethersulphone (PES) membranes to produce eco-friendly nanocomposite membranes for dye removal. The green-synthesized Fe/Ni nanoparticles exhibited uniform morphology and surface functional groups from moringa extract that promoted interaction with dye molecules. Embedding Fe/Ni nanoparticles into the PES matrix enhanced membrane properties, including hydrophilicity, surface smoothness, porosity, and pore size distribution. Among the tested compositions, membranes with 0.7 wt.% Fe/Ni nanoparticles achieved the optimal balance between water permeability and structural stability, with pure water fluxes of 84 and 86 L/m² · h for Naphthol Blue Black (NBB) and Congo Red (CR), respectively, compared to 58 and 54 L/m² · h for the unmodified PES membrane. Dye rejection improved from 81% to 93.2% for NBB and from 83% to 93% for CR, while antifouling performance and flux recovery were also enhanced. The functional groups introduced by moringa extract contributed to adsorption, hydrogen bonding, and van der Waals interactions with dye molecules, supporting reversible fouling and improved separation efficiency. These findings highlight the potential of natural plant extracts for synthesizing bimetallic nanoparticles and producing functional PES membranes with superior wastewater treatment performance. The developed membranes offer a sustainable, environmentally friendly solution for removing hazardous dyes from industrial effluents, demonstrating promise for large-scale water remediation applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"104 7","pages":"3593-3617"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cjce.70229","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148215136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}