Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Study on the distribution of critical liquid bridge length in droplet formation under dripping regime in an annular shear flow field","authors":"Yannan Sun,&nbsp;Mingyang Zhang,&nbsp;Jie Cheng,&nbsp;Shujuan Ma,&nbsp;Wenjie Zhu,&nbsp;Yaojun Guo,&nbsp;Jinhui Zhu","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.25680","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A simplified experimental device was used to simulate the annular shear flow field in a liquid–liquid cyclone reactor, and the formation and break up behaviour of the liquid bridge during the droplet formation under the dripping regime was investigated. Deionized water and fluorescent oil were used as continuous phase and dispersed phase, respectively. The formation and break up process of dispersed phase liquid bridge in the annular simplified experimental device in the dripping regime was captured by camera. The impacts of the ratio of continuous phase velocity to dispersed phase velocity (Vr) and the capillary number (Ca) on the mean critical liquid bridge length (MBL) were analyzed. Furthermore, the functional relationships between MBL and operating parameters (Vr and Ca) under the dripping regime were obtained. The results indicate that the process of droplet formation is mainly affected by viscous force, shear force and surface tension. MBL increases firstly and then decreases with the increase of the two-phase velocity ratio in dripping regime. Additionally, with the increase of capillary number, MBL decreases.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"103 10","pages":"5159-5168"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of the Co(II)@AC catalyst with the activated carbon modified by zinc chloride as a carrier on the synthesis of 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-ol from the oxidation of 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-pyrazolidin-3-one by oxygen","authors":"Yu-cheng Jiang,&nbsp;Bao-guang Zhu,&nbsp;Xiang-li Long","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.25667","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The oxidation of 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-pyrazolidin-3-one to 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H- pyrazol-3-ol by air can be accelerated by the Co(II)@AC catalyst prepared by loading Co(II) on activated carbon with wet impregnation method. ZnCl₂ solution has been used to treat activated carbon to ameliorate the catalytic ability of Co(II)@AC catalyst. The experiments indicate that the optimal catalyst is made by immersing activated carbon in 0.7 mol/L ZnCl₂ solution at 50°C for 6 h with a liquid/solid ratio of 30/1 (mL/g) followed being calcined at 700°C for 5 h at a heating rate of 5°C/min under N₂ protection. The 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-ol concentration catalyzed by the catalyst loaded on the best carbon reaches 0.01953 kg/L, which is 27.56% higher than that catalyzed by the catalyst loaded on the original carbon. The characterization results manifest that the modification with ZnCl₂ enriches the porous structure and increases the acidic groups on the surface of activated carbon. The conversion of 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-pyrazolidin-3-one is mainly determined by the physical structure of the activated carbon while the selectivity to 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H- pyrazol-3-ol is largely affected by the chemical characteristics of the activated carbon.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"103 9","pages":"4426-4444"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144767841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction control of CO2 capture in coal-fired power plants based on ERIME-optimized CNN-LSTM-multi-head-attention","authors":"Minan Tang,&nbsp;Chuntao Rao,&nbsp;Tong Yang,&nbsp;Zhongcheng Bai,&nbsp;Yude Jiang,&nbsp;Yaqi Zhang,&nbsp;Wenxin Sheng,&nbsp;Zhanglong Tao,&nbsp;Changyou Wang,&nbsp;Mingyu Wang","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.25677","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Predicting CO₂ concentration in post-combustion carbon capture (PCC) systems is challenging due to complex operating conditions and multivariate interactions. This study proposes an enhanced RIME algorithm (ERIME) optimization-based convolutional neural network (CNN)-long short-term memory (LSTM)-multi-head-attention (ECLMA) model to improve prediction accuracy. The local outlier factor (LOF) algorithm was used to remove noise from the data, while mutual information (MI) determined time lags, and the smoothed clipped absolute deviation (SCAD) method optimized feature selection. The CNN-LSTM-multi-head-attention model extracts meaningful features from time series data, and parameters are optimized using the ERIME algorithm. Using a simulated dataset from a 600 MW supercritical coal-fired power plant, the results showed that after LOF outlier removal, root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) improved by 10%–13%. Post-MI delay reconstruction reduced RMSE to 0.00999 and MAE to 11.6937, with <i>R</i>² rising to 0.9929. After variable selection, RMSE and MAE further reduced to 0.00907 and 9.9697, with <i>R</i>² increasing to 0.9983. After ERIME optimization, the ECLMA model outperformed traditional models, reducing RMSE and MAE by up to 91.55% and 84.94%, respectively, compared to CNN, and by 85.91% and 69.47%, respectively, compared to LSTM. These results confirm the model's superior accuracy and stability.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"103 10","pages":"4904-4924"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogel microwells with customizable bottom design: A one-step approach to spheroid formation","authors":"Ahmad A. Manzoor,&nbsp;Omar M. Rahman,&nbsp;Roberto Tarantino,&nbsp;Peter Zastawny,&nbsp;Stephen D. Waldman,&nbsp;Dae Kun Hwang","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.25674","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Conical microwells featuring a variety of bottom-shape features have received increased recognition because of their enhanced surface characteristics that improve the in vitro-in vivo correlation in a wide range of biological applications, such as in three-dimensional cell culture models, specifically cell spheroidal formation, and drug screening. Conventional and microfluidics-based emerging fabrication techniques for the formation of such conically shaped microwells with uniform spatiotemporal control require complex multistep procedures and costly equipment, or they face challenges in developing slanted V-shaped well bottoms. Herein, we developed a microfluidics-based method to produce three-dimensional microwells with slanted V-shaped well bottoms by exploring the 3D-shape tuning ability using a non-uniform photolithographic technique (NUPL), through a variation in the UV light intensity profile induced by the presence of magnetic nanoparticles, which makes an opaque precursor solution. We also characterize the change in the microwell's bottom profile through variation of UV dose. Finally, the effects of conical shape tuning parameters, that is, the non-uniformity of UV light intensity and aspect ratio (diameter/height), on the microwell depth and bottom shape is investigated. Using NUPL, we demonstrate the facile and single-step synthesis of conical microwells with highly slanted sidewalls that are used to create chondrocyte spheroids as a proof of concept.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"103 10","pages":"4647-4660"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cjce.25674","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of potassium salts on sawdust pyrolysis: Kinetics and thermodynamic parameters using isoconversional and Criado's master plot methods","authors":"Milad Ja Lilian,&nbsp;Quan (Sophia) He,&nbsp;Yulin Hu","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.25669","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, the effect of potassium salts on sawdust pyrolysis with respect to kinetics and thermodynamic parameters was investigated. Kinetic triplet (activation energy, pre-exponential factor, and reaction mechanism) and thermodynamic properties (enthalpy change, entropy change, and Gibbs free energy) were determined using isoconversional and Criado's master plot methods, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out in N₂ environment at 5, 25, and 50°C/min from 30 to 800°C. A series of analytical techniques were utilized to fully characterize the raw materials. Analysis of TGA data was performed using isoconversional model. The results suggested that the addition of potassium carbonate showed catalytic effect on the thermal degradation of sawdust by affecting the kinetic triplets and thermodynamic properties. However, the presence of potassium chloride in sawdust pyrolysis is a complex and either promoting or deterring effect was primarily dependent on the degree of conversion.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"103 9","pages":"4184-4204"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144767981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NHPI catalyzed air oxidation of cyclohexanone: Mechanism and kinetics study","authors":"Guanwen Chen,&nbsp;Bo Yuan,&nbsp;Ruolin Wang,&nbsp;Min Yang,&nbsp;Zhanke Wang,&nbsp;Guangxu Zhang","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.25679","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As an important monomer material for synthesizing polycaprolactone, ε-caprolactone (ε-CL), is currently produced through the Baeyer–Villiger oxidation of cyclohexanone. As a green and promising process to produce ε-CL, oxidizing cyclohexanone with air in the presence of sacrificial agents has attracted extensive attention from academia and industry. However, the slow reaction kinetic and the weak oxidation capacity of air limits the application of this green technology. Herein, we used N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) as a higdhly efficient homogeneous catalyst for the air oxidation of cyclohexanone. Through investigating the influence of reaction conditions such as temperature, gas velocity, aldehyde-ketone ratio, and solvent ratio on the conversion rate of cyclohexanone and selectivity of ε-CL, an optimum reaction condition was obtained and the ε-caprolactone production rate is as high as 3.43 mmol/gcat/min with a selectivity of 90%. The reaction mechanism is investigated through in-situ UV–visible spectra, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra, and starch/KI experiment, and a plausible mechanistic mode involving three pivotal reactions was proposed. The dynamic model was constructed to validate the proposed mechanism and provide good predictions for the actual reaction rate. This work provides meaningful insights into NHPI-catalyzed air oxidation of cyclohexanone, and the constructed kinetic model provides theoretical guidance for scale-up processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"103 10","pages":"5028-5038"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic soft sensor modelling based on data imputation and spatiotemporal attention","authors":"Shiwei Gao,&nbsp;Pengxue Yun,&nbsp;Wenbo Yang,&nbsp;Jing Yan","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.25676","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Soft sensor technology is essential for achieving precise control and improving product quality in industrial processes, with broad application potential in chemical engineering as well. In industrial soft sensor modelling, while most models can capture the nonlinear and dynamic characteristics of time series, they often neglect the potential influence of spatial features. Additionally, due to factors such as signal instability, equipment failure, and sensor data packet loss, missing values are common in industrial data, which can compromise model accuracy. To address these issues, this paper proposes a soft sensor modelling framework based on a spatiotemporal attention network for quality prediction with missing data. The method first utilizes a generative adversarial imputation network (GAIN) to impute in the missing data. Then, a bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) encoder integrated with a spatial attention module is employed to more precisely capture spatial correlations among variables in industrial processes, enhancing the capacity of the model to handle complex spatial dependencies. Furthermore, a temporal attention mechanism is incorporated to strengthen the extraction of dynamic dependencies across different time steps, further improving the ability of the model to capture nonlinear and dynamic features in industrial processes. Extensive experiments on debutanizer and steam flow processes validate the superior performance of the proposed method, laying a foundation for its application in chemical engineering and other complex industrial processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"103 10","pages":"4751-4773"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controlling polymer addition flowrate to improve the flocculation of kaolinite suspensions as models for oil sands mature fine tailings","authors":"Kilian Slöetjes,&nbsp;João B. P. Soares","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.25665","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Oil sands exploration generates large volumes of mature fine tailings—mixtures of clays, water, and residual bitumen—that remain stable even after settling in tailings ponds for many years. Commonly used flocculants, such as neutral and anionic polyacrylamides, destabilize the colloidal interactions between the clay particles, but unfortunately make flocs that break under shear and retain water. We grafted poly[(vinylbenzyl)trimethyl ammonium chloride] cationic chains onto amylopectin backbones to make a cationic flocculant with controlled hydrophobicity and combined it with a commercial ultra-high molecular weight anionic polyacrylamide to investigate how the addition flowrates and dosages of both polymers affected the flocculation of kaolinite suspensions. The addition flowrate of the cationic graft polymer changed the capillary suction time of the sediments and turbidity of the supernatant, while the addition flowrate of the anionic polymer affected the solids content of the sediments. The best conditions to capture fines and dewater the sediments were low dosages of anionic polymer and high dosages of cationic polymer. Focused beam reflectance measurements confirmed that the addition flowrate of each polymer affected the capture of clay particles, floc size, and floc shear resistance. A minimum addition flowrate of the cationic polymer was needed to destabilize the suspension and form primary flocs, which could then grow through combined charge neutralization and bridging with the anionic polymer to form shear-resistant and large flocs in the range from 500 to 1000 μm.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"103 10","pages":"4786-4802"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cjce.25665","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of uniform core-shell calcium hydroxide-calcium carbonate biocidal particles via encapsulation into dry ice","authors":"Noora Darwish,&nbsp;Mehdi Mohammadi Ashani,&nbsp;Ahmed Mehairi,&nbsp;Ian A. Lewis,&nbsp;Maen M. Husein","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.25670","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study introduces a novel synthesis method for core-shell calcium hydroxide-calcium carbonate (CSCC) biocidal particles by inducing a phase change in liquid <span></span><math>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>CO</mi>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow></math>, thereby coating <span></span><math>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>Ca</mi>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mfenced>\u0000 <mi>OH</mi>\u0000 </mfenced>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow></math> in dry ice. Despite their benign nature, literature sources on the preparation and antimicrobial efficacy of CSCC particles is very scarce. The formation of dry ice, driven by heterogeneous nucleation, efficiently carbonates the surface of <span></span><math>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>Ca</mi>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mfenced>\u0000 <mi>OH</mi>\u0000 </mfenced>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow></math> particles while preventing the particles from aggregation. X-ray diffraction verified the particle structure, while thermogravimetric analysis determined their bulk composition. Much higher carbonation, 55 wt.%, could be achieved relative to literature work. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed 94 wt.% surface carbonation, suggesting a core-shell structure. Microtomy tests also revealed a core-shell structure with average sizes of 20–170 nm. CSCC particles displayed appreciable antibacterial activity, achieving complete eradication of both gram-positive <i>Staphylococcus aureus and</i> gram-negative <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> at a concentration of 2.5 mg/mL. Additionally, surface testing revealed CSCC effectiveness in eliminating <i>E. coli</i> within 10 min, highlighting CSCC potential as a potent antimicrobial agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"103 10","pages":"4774-4785"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cjce.25670","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A modified double-latent variable probabilistic model for monitoring of dynamic processes with multiple sampling rates","authors":"Ze Ying,&nbsp;Yuqing Chang,&nbsp;Fuli Wang,&nbsp;Yuchen He","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.25671","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The monitoring of quality-correlated aspects in industrial production processes has become a crucial task in recent years. However, the challenges posed by multiple sampling rates and dynamic issues make it arduous to construct an efficient monitoring model. To address these issues, the present paper proposes a modified double-latent variable probabilistic (MDLVP) model that can deal with the measurement correlations across different sampling rates. Firstly, the MDLVP introduces two types of latent variables with minimum sample spacing for capturing quality-correlated and quality-uncorrelated information respectively. Secondly, a first-order Markov chain is utilized to describe the autocorrelation of the latent variables, thereby elucidating the dynamics of the multi-sampling rate process. The expectation–maximization (EM) algorithm is employed for the model training in an incomplete data collection. Finally, the model is adopted to develop a fault detection method, which is subsequently applied in two industrial cases. The experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed model in handling dynamic in multi-sampling rate processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"103 10","pages":"4925-4938"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}