Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Comparison and analysis of pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics of alfalfa and timothy based on TG-DTG-DSC","authors":"Lu Sun,&nbsp;Kaili Xu,&nbsp;Jishuo Li,&nbsp;Tengteng Hao,&nbsp;Zhenhua Liu","doi":"10.1002/cjce.70277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.70277","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper aims to study the pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics of alfalfa and timothy and conduct a comparative analysis. Multiple analytical methods were used to comprehensively characterize the physical and chemical properties of alfalfa and timothy. A thermal analyzer was used to analyze the kinetics of the material pyrolysis process at various heating rates. The results showed that alfalfa and timothy are suitable as energy fuels due to their high volatile matter, three main components (cellulose, lignin, hemicellulose), and low moisture. At different heat rates, the devolatilization index and heat flow area of timothy are both greater than alfalfa. In addition, the average activation energies of alfalfa and timothy calculated by the Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO) method were 243.58 and 221.9 kJ mol⁻¹, respectively; calculated by the Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS) method are 246.5 and 223.62 kJ mol⁻¹, respectively. The average activation energy of these two methods indicates that timothy's (222.76 kJ mol⁻¹) pyrolysis activity is slightly higher than that of alfalfa (245.039 kJ mol⁻¹). The pyrolysis mechanism for the two materials can be modelled with the equation <span></span><math>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>g</mi>\u0000 <mfenced>\u0000 <mi>α</mi>\u0000 </mfenced>\u0000 <mo>=</mo>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mfenced>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>−</mo>\u0000 <mi>ln</mi>\u0000 <mfenced>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 <mo>−</mo>\u0000 <mi>α</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </mfenced>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </mfenced>\u0000 <mn>4</mn>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 </mrow></math>.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"104 8","pages":"4007-4022"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148395041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspectives and conversations in chemical engineering","authors":"João B. P. Soares","doi":"10.1002/cjce.70443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.70443","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"104 8","pages":"3968-3969"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cjce.70443","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148395090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unravelling the initiator-only stage in alginate grafting: Radical-induced depolymerization and its impact on acrylamide grafting efficiency","authors":"Gustavo P. Zago,&nbsp;João B. P. Soares","doi":"10.1002/cjce.70303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.70303","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Free-radical grafting of natural polymers often assumes that initiators only create active sites before monomer addition. We tested this by exposing sodium alginate to potassium persulphate (KPS) under typical grafting conditions without monomer (acrylamide). Structural changes (¹H NMR, FTIR), chain size (intrinsic viscosity), and heat flow (calorimetry) revealed rapid random scission of glycosidic bonds and formation of new reducing ends, with little oxidation. Molecular weight declined steeply in the first 20 min, faster at higher temperatures. Pretreatment with KPS significantly increased acrylamide grafting efficiency (37%–77%) but progressively reduced chain length, showing that initiator radicals act as both activators and degraders. Graft efficiency is gained only at the cost of chain length, underscoring that the initiator-only stage is never neutral.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"104 8","pages":"3996-4006"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cjce.70303","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148394998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal behaviour and product evolution during co-pyrolysis of rice husk and waste tire","authors":"Jishuo Li,&nbsp;Xiwen Yao,&nbsp;Kaili Xu,&nbsp;Xingyu Luo","doi":"10.1002/cjce.70289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.70289","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To enhance resource utilization and understand the co-pyrolysis mechanisms of biomass and polymeric waste, this study selected rice husk and waste tire as feedstocks. Thermogravimetric analysis and fixed-bed pyrolysis experiments were performed to assess the effects of heating rate and mixing ratio on weight loss behaviour, three-phase product distribution, and gas evolution. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to characterize tar composition. Results revealed synergistic effects between the two materials, with the strongest synergy at a 3:7 (rice husk:waste tire) ratio. Increasing waste tire content raised liquid product yields, peaking at a 1:1 ratio. Co-pyrolysis enhanced CO and CO₂ formation, suppressed CH₄, and increased H₂ at moderate ratios. Tar composition shifted with feed ratios, with oxygenates enriched at intermediate levels. This work provides insights and data for optimizing co-conversion of biomass and polymeric waste.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"104 8","pages":"4054-4066"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148395058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mass transfer resistances in mesoporous silica-alginate/chitosan encapsulated Saccharomyces cerevisiae for bioethanol production","authors":"Abdulmumin Bilyamin,&nbsp;Habiba Iliyasu Atta,&nbsp;Abdulazeez Yusuf Atta,&nbsp;Jibril Baba El-Yakubu","doi":"10.1002/cjce.70244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.70244","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Microbial cell encapsulation for bioethanol production offers several benefits, including protection of cells from harsh fermentation conditions and simplification of their recovery and reuse. However, a significant challenge in microbial encapsulation is mass transfer resistance. In this study, a mesoporous membrane was designed and examined for the first time to address substrate mass transfer issues. The capsules were named G-0.75, G-1.5, and G-3, corresponding to the amounts of glucose (0.75, 1.5, and 3 g) used as a pore-forming agent. Simulation results showed that in the conventional G-0 capsules, substrate concentration (fermentable sugar) was depleted at a radius of 0.6, indicating significant resistance to mass transfer. In the mesoporous G-3 capsules, over 40% of the substrate reached the centre, suggesting reduced mass transfer resistance compared to G-0. When an effectiveness factor accounting for mass transfer resistance was included, the substrate concentration improved in each capsule, with glucose reaching a radius of 0.2 in G-0 and more than 50% of the substrate reaching the centre in G-3. Additionally, halving the particle size allowed 10% of the substrate to reach the centre in G-0, while approximately 80% did so in G-3. These findings demonstrate, for the first time, how both glucose-induced mesoporosity and particle size reduction influence mass transfer resistance in bioethanol production, alongside the kinetics and diffusion data essential for process design, modelling, simulation, and optimization. This represents a significant advancement for heterogeneous bioprocesses.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"104 8","pages":"4168-4182"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148395033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatially resolved 23Na magnetic resonance dispersion measurement in porous media","authors":"Rheya Rajeev,&nbsp;Mohammad Sadegh Zamiri,&nbsp;Andrés Ramírez Aguilera,&nbsp;Florea Marica,&nbsp;Laura Romero de Zerón,&nbsp;Bruce J. Balcom","doi":"10.1002/cjce.70292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.70292","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tracer tests are widely used in the petroleum industry to assess reservoir core plugs, relying on breakthrough curve analysis to evaluate bulk-scale transport properties such as dispersion and macroscopic homogeneity. However, the conventional breakthrough curve analysis assumes uniform bulk behaviour, which may lead to misleading conclusions in the presence of structural heterogeneities. In this study, we compare conventional tracer tests with a new ²³Na magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based tracer test to examine solute transport in brine-saturated Bentheimer, Buff Berea, Nugget, and Bentheimer–Berea composite sandstone core plugs. ²³Na MRI permits direct observation of sodium concentration evolution in space and time and has higher sensitivity to structural heterogeneity than the conventional breakthrough curve method. Experimental data from both techniques was fit to the advection–dispersion equation to determine Péclet numbers (<i>N</i>_Pe). Conventional breakthrough curve analysis may misclassify macroscopically heterogeneous samples as homogeneous due to bulk averaging effects. ¹H MRI has been used in a limited number of tracer studies. In this work, ²³Na MRI was applied in realistic media using NaCl as a native, conservative tracer. 1D ²³Na MRI provides spatially resolved concentration profiles that improve heterogeneity detection and transport characterization and can be used as an initial screening tool in special core analysis. Moreover, ²³Na MR/MRI techniques can be integrated with existing low-field permanent magnet systems already present in many core analysis laboratories. ²³Na MRI has not previously been employed in core plug tracer tests.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"104 8","pages":"4135-4150"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cjce.70292","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148394997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis SBA-15 from fumed silica and their removal performance for rhodamine B","authors":"Shunmin Yi,&nbsp;Xiurong Chen,&nbsp;Caiyun Han","doi":"10.1002/cjce.70321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.70321","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A large number of industrial solid waste fumed silica (FS) and organic pollutant rhodamine B (RhB) have been released into the environment, and effective remedy technologies for these two important contaminants are needed. In this study, FS was used as silicon source to synthesized ordered 2D mesoporous SBA-15, and the obtained samples were used to separate RhB. The effects of crystallization time, temperature, and FS/P123 mass ratio on the lattice plane and surface properties of the samples were systematically investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and N₂ adsorption–desorption isotherms. The results suggested that crystallization time of prepared SBA-15 was found to be 0.5 times (12 h) shorter than the conventional silicon source (about 24 h). The RhB removal performance was evaluated by batch experiment. Combined with the results of characterization and adsorption kinetics, it was found that large pore size favoured the uptake of the organic compound RhB, and the surface area was not the key factor affecting the adsorption performance. The shortest equilibrium time 15 min was obtained at sample SBA(0.43)-100(48). Its maximum RhB adsorption capacity calculated from the Langmuir model was 367.00 mg/g, which was higher than that of most previous reports. The results of pH and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) demonstrated that hydrogen bond and electrostatic attraction between N⁺ of RhB and Si<span></span>O⁻ were the main adsorption mechanisms at the optimal pH 5.0.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"104 8","pages":"4067-4078"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148395007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valorization of Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) peel for peroxidase production and its immobilization on alginate beads for 2,4-dichlorophenol bioconversion","authors":"Mariana Gomes Oliveira,&nbsp;Marcela Pires Spaolonzi,&nbsp;Carla Ivane Ganz Vogel,&nbsp;Aniela Pinto Kempka,&nbsp;Everton Skoronski","doi":"10.1002/cjce.70296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.70296","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Yacon (<i>Smallanthus sonchifolius</i>) roots are emerging as an alternative source of peroxidase. This study aimed to extract, immobilize, and characterize the peroxidase from Yacon peel, herein designated as Yacon peel peroxidase (YPP), and apply it in the bioconversion of 2,4-dichlorophenol. The alginate beads, both with and without immobilized YPP, were characterized by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. The immobilized peroxidase showed maximum specific activity at 50°C and pH 13, using pyrogallol as a substrate. The reaction mechanism was identified as following a Ping-Pong Bi-Bi model. In the 2,4-dichlorophenol bioconversion, the immobilized peroxidase showed maximum activity at 40°C, pH 6.8, and 0.5 mM H₂O₂ after 360 min of reaction, achieving more than 80% of bioconversion. The biocatalyst was reused for four cycles, and its application in continuous reactors should be explored. Moreover, to assess the influence of the 2,4-dichlorophenol molecules morphology and provide a better understanding of its bioconversion, density functional theory (DFT) was used to calculate chemical descriptors. The results suggest that immobilized Yacon peroxidase is a promising alternative for use in biocatalysis and the bioconversion of phenols.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"104 8","pages":"3984-3995"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cjce.70296","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148395157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acid-based chemical slugs for enhanced oil recovery: Interfacial tension reduction, wettability alteration, and emulsion stabilization","authors":"Pasivedala Raj Kumar,&nbsp;Lavisha Jangid,&nbsp;Ajay Mandal","doi":"10.1002/cjce.70301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.70301","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The present study focuses on the development of acid-based chemical slugs for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). These slugs interact with both the crude oil and the reservoir rock, resulting in favourable alterations to the reservoir properties. One of the key mechanisms involves a significant reduction in interfacial tension (IFT), which enhances oil mobilization and contributes to effective well stimulation. Notably, the interfacial tension between crude oil and the acidic solution decreases by more than 80% compared to that with water. This substantial IFT reduction is attributed to the acid's influence on the dissociation and behaviour of indigenous surfactants present in the crude oil. Additionally, acid-based slugs improve reservoir permeability by dissolving clays and minerals within the rock matrix. The slugs also alter the wettability of oil-wet rocks to water-wet, with a more pronounced effect observed in carbonate rocks compared to sandstone due to mineral dissolution. Moreover, the formation of stable emulsions with higher viscosity than crude oil mitigates viscous fingering, reduces the mobility ratio, and enhances sweep efficiency. To address corrosion risks associated with acidic solutions, acid inhibitor is employed. Core flooding experiments demonstrate an approximate 12% increase in oil recovery over conventional water flooding, underscoring the potential of acid-based slugs to improve displacement efficiency in EOR applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"104 8","pages":"4151-4167"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148395176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spray characteristics of a compound rotary pressure atomization nozzle","authors":"Liting Li,&nbsp;Mingjun Xu,&nbsp;Shangzhi Yu,&nbsp;Ying Duan,&nbsp;Qinglong Xie,&nbsp;Xiaojiang Liang,&nbsp;Zhenyu Wu,&nbsp;Xiaoning Mao,&nbsp;Yong Nie","doi":"10.1002/cjce.70299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.70299","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates the effects of compound rotary pressure swirl atomization on spray characteristics. Experiments utilized high-speed videography and laser particle size analysis to characterize the spray mechanism and elucidate how operational parameters influence the Sauter mean diameter (<i>d</i>₃₂) and droplet size distribution (DSD), respectively. Based on the experimental findings, predictive models for <i>d</i>₃₂ and DSD were subsequently developed. When the pressure-swirl nozzle rotates, the liquid becomes simultaneously subjected to Coriolis forces, centrifugal acceleration, and aerodynamic forces. This accelerates liquid film breakup—first into sheets, then into droplets. Higher rotation speeds were found to reduce the <i>d</i>₃₂ and narrow the DSD. Prediction models for <i>d</i>₃₂ and DSD were developed using distinct methodologies. The <i>d</i>₃₂ model, derived through dimensionless analysis, achieves high accuracy with errors consistently below 10%. The DSD model, based on the modified Rosin–Rammler (R–R) distribution, demonstrates improved precision with errors under 15%. These findings offer valuable insights for the rational design and optimization of spray-related processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"104 8","pages":"4183-4198"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148395086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}