Experimental gerontology最新文献

{"title":"Muscle–brain axis mechanisms linking community-based exercise to cognitive function in older adults: A five-arm randomized controlled trial","authors":"Jiadong Qiu ,&nbsp;Xiongying Song ,&nbsp;Jian Wang ,&nbsp;Sungmin Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2026.113041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2026.113041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To compare community-feasible exercise effects on cognition and explore muscle–brain axis mechanisms in older adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this a single-blind, five-arm randomized controlled trial, participants were allocated to 12-form Chen-style Tai Chi (CTC12), 24-form Yang-style Tai Chi (TC24), square dancing (SD), walking, or control for 12 weeks (two sessions/week). Global cognition was assessed using Beijing Chinese MoCA. Body composition was evaluated using multifrequency bioimpedance: skeletal muscle mass (SMM), fat mass (FM), total body water, protein mass and basal metabolic rate (BMR). Physical performance was assessed using Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), maximal handgrip strength (HGS). Fasting interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels and other blood biomarkers were also measured.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>113 participants completed the intervention (mean age 62.3 years; 79.6% female). After 12 weeks training, MoCA scores were improved in CTC12 group (<em>n</em> = 22, Δ = +0.46, <em>p</em> = 0.0045) and SD group (n = 22, Δ = +0.50, <em>p</em> = 0.0046), with no change in TC24 group (<em>n</em> = 23), walking group (n = 23), and control group (n = 23). Physiologically, CTC12 group increased SMM and BMR with small SPPB/HGS gains and showed a significant reduction in IL-6 levels; SD group reduced BMI and FM and increased BMR and SPPB; TC24 group increased BMR only; walking showed no measurable changes. For correlation analyses, ΔMoCA was positively associated with ΔSMM (<em>p</em> = 0.014) and ΔBMR (<em>p</em> = 0.004) in the CTC12 group, and negatively associated with ΔBMI (<em>p</em> = 0.002) and ΔFM (p = 0.002) in the SD group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>CTC12, SD were associated with modest cognitive gains and distinct physiological patterns potentially linked to the muscle–brain axis, which may help guide exercise choices for older adults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 113041"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146023518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do myokines influence the associations between sarcopenia-related parameters and cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults: exploratory results from the ENHANce study","authors":"Nadjia Amini ,&nbsp;Laurence Lapauw ,&nbsp;Jolan Dupont ,&nbsp;Laura Vercauteren ,&nbsp;Sebastiaan Dalle ,&nbsp;Katrien Koppo ,&nbsp;Sabine Verschueren ,&nbsp;Jos Tournoy ,&nbsp;Evelien Gielen","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2026.113042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2026.113042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Studies have shown that sarcopenia and its related parameters are associated with cognition. Preclinical evidence suggests that myokines, such as irisin, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor(BDNF), myostatin and Insulin-like Growth Factor-1(IGF-1) might explain this relationship. This study aimed to explore the associations between sarcopenia-related parameters and cognition, and whether myokines influence this association.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Exploratory, cross-sectional analysis of data from the Exercise and Nutrition for Healthy AgeiNg (ENHANce,<span><span>NCT03649698</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>) study. Participants were older adults(≥65 years) with EWGSOP2-defined sarcopenia. Cognitive functioning was assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE), Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status(RBANS), Trail Making Test A&amp;B(TMT), Stroop and Maze Test. Sarcopenia-related parameters were measured: Handgrip Strength, Chair Stand Test, appendicular Lean Mass(aLM), Gait Speed (GS) and Short Physical Performance Battery(SPPB). Serum myokines(IGF-1, irisin, myostatin, BDNF) were determined through ELISA. Associations between cognition and sarcopenia-related parameters were analyzed using multivariable regression, adjusting for potential confounders including myokines.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Fifty-eight participants were included in this analysis (76.2 ± 6.7 years, ♀:65.5%). After adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, aLM was associated with MMSE(β = 0.193,<em>p</em> = 0.012), RBANS Total(β = 0.196,<em>p</em> = 0.007) and RBANS Attention(β = 0.215,<em>p</em> = 0.002), CST was associated with RBANS Language(β = −0.314,<em>p</em> = 0.030), SPPB was associated with Maze time(β = −0.364,<em>p</em> = 0.004) and TMT-B (β = −0.333,<em>p</em> = 0.013) and GS was associated with TMT-A(β = −0.324,<em>p</em> = 0.045). After adjustments for BDNF&amp; IGF-1, the association between GS and TMT-A became non-significant. Irisin and myostatin did not influence the sarcopenia-cognition associations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Sarcopenia-related parameters are associated with global and specific cognitive domains. BDNF may, partially, explain the association between muscle mass and MMSE. Additional research with larger sample size is needed to confirm these findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 113042"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146000199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Telomere length and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease risk and progression: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Chunfeng Sun ,&nbsp;Ping Qiu ,&nbsp;Shuo Huang ,&nbsp;Qihan Luo ,&nbsp;Qing Ma ,&nbsp;Piao Hu ,&nbsp;Fangming Chen ,&nbsp;Hongyan Wu ,&nbsp;Chunxiao Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2026.113036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2026.113036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><div>This study aims to systematically review existing literature to evaluate the association between telomere length (TL) and the risk of MASLD and its progression outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched for relevant studies up to May 27, 2025. Included studies were systematically reviewed to summarize the findings, with complementary quantitative analyses conducted using a random-effects model. This study was conducted in strict accordance with the PRISMA 2020 statement and was registered on the PROSPERO platform (CRD420251042478).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Ultimately, 12 observational studies met the inclusion criteria. A limited number of high-quality cohort studies have consistently observed an association between shorter leukocyte TL (LTL) and an increased risk of MASLD. Evidence from cross-sectional studies appears more inconsistent and imprecise. Notably, cross-sectional analysis revealed a paradoxical increase in LTL among T2DM patients with MASLD, possibly reflecting a compensatory response to early-stage metabolic stress and insulin resistance; however, longitudinal evidence clarified that accelerated LTL attrition, rather than baseline length, serves as the critical driver and predictor of MASLD incidence. Despite consistent evidence indicating that shorter LTL may serve as a biomarker for severe MASLD progression, the interpretation of these findings is hampered by methodological limitations in current studies.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Current evidence suggests that shorter TL is a potential marker for MASLD risk, particularly supported by high-quality longitudinal data. While further quantitative analysis identified significant associations, the robustness of these results is compromised by the limited number of high-quality studies, alongside substantial heterogeneity and publication bias. Shorter TL may be associated with the adverse progression of MASLD. Future high-quality longitudinal studies are warranted to strengthen the body of evidence and establish their clinical utility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 113036"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145979552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The correlation between changes in intrinsic capacity of older adults in Chinese communities and adverse health-related outcomes: A prospective longitudinal Cohort study","authors":"Yaru Zhou ,&nbsp;Wenhua Yu ,&nbsp;Xiaohong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.113008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.113008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Backgrounds</h3><div>Preserving intrinsic capacity (IC) is essential for healthy aging. This study examined the associations between longitudinal changes in IC and subsequent adverse health outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants were community-dwelling adults aged ≥60 years from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Changes in IC between 2011 and 2013 were classified as consistently well, improved, worsened, or consistently declined. Logistic regression assessed associations with falls and hospitalization (2015), and Cox models evaluated all-cause mortality (2020).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Changes in IC were significant predictors of adverse outcomes. Worsened (OR = 1.674, 95 % CI: 1.163–2.411, <em>P</em> = 0.006) and consistently declined changes in IC (OR = 1.914, 95 % CI: 1.373–2.668, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) were both associated with an increased risk of falls, while domain-specific changes, such as worsened locomotion, consistently declined in cognition and fluctuations in psychology or vision, were also linked to increased fall risk (all <em>P</em> &lt; 0.017). Both consistently declined IC (OR = 1.513, 95 % CI: 1.079–2.122, P &lt; 0.017) and worsened locomotion were independent predictors of hospitalization (OR = 1.837, 95 % CI: 1.265–2.670, <em>P</em> = 0.001). Declines in locomotion were also strongly associated with mortality, with higher risk observed in the worsened group (HR = 1.571, 95 % CI: 1.088–2.267, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.017).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Monitoring intrinsic capacity changes, especially locomotion decline, enables early identification of vulnerable older adults and supports timely, targeted interventions to reduce adverse outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 113008"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145807027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Irisin and the muscle–brain axis: Mechanisms and translational potential","authors":"Beatrice Arosio ,&nbsp;Anna Picca","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2026.113028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2026.113028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The muscle–brain axis integrates peripheral metabolic activity with central nervous system function. Among the endocrine signaling molecules regulating such crosstalk, the peptide hormone irisin released during muscle contraction seems to play relevant roles. Irisin is generated by the proteolytic cleavage of the fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 and has emerged as a key regulator of neurotrophic and metabolic adaptation. Although initially described as a myokine, irisin is also expressed in adipose and neural tissues, acting through autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine mechanisms. Irisin binds to the αV/β5 integrin receptor complex and activates a network of signaling pathways which promote mitochondrial biogenesis, autophagy, oxidative stress resistance, and modulation of inflammatory responses. Within the central nervous system, irisin induces brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression and contributes to synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis, and cognitive preservation. Experimental models show that irisin reduces amyloid burden, limits α-synuclein pathology, suppresses neuroinflammation, and stabilizes blood–brain barrier integrity, supporting a disease-modifying role in neurodegenerative conditions. In skeletal muscle, irisin stimulates myogenesis, enhances anabolic signaling, and improves metabolic efficiency, suggesting broader relevance for sarcopenia and age-related metabolic decline. Herein, we discuss irisin as a promising biomarker and a candidate therapeutic target for disorders characterized by concurrent muscle deterioration and cognitive impairment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 113028"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of grip indicators with post-discharge recovery in geriatric and hip fracture inpatients","authors":"Myrthe Swart ,&nbsp;Merle Geerds ,&nbsp;Ivan Bautmans ,&nbsp;Liza De Dobbeleer ,&nbsp;Siddharta Lieten ,&nbsp;Hugo Plácido da Silva ,&nbsp;Rudi Tielemans ,&nbsp;Cindel Bonneux ,&nbsp;Yvonne Schoon ,&nbsp;Geeske Peeters ,&nbsp;Marcel Olde Rikkert ,&nbsp;Dieuwke van Dartel ,&nbsp;René Melis","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.113014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.113014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Hand grip measures offer potential indicators for recovery after hospitalization in older adults. We investigated prospective associations of the grip indicators maximal grip strength (GSmax), fatigue resistance (FR) and grip work (GW) with post-discharge functional limitations, health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and survival in older inpatients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Grip indicators were evaluated at admission in general geriatric inpatients (GGI, <em>n</em> = 149) and geriatric hip fracture inpatients (HIP, <em>n</em> = 109). Questionnaires on functional limitations (10–40, lower is better) were collected for two weeks pre-admission, admission, three months follow-up, and six months follow-up. HRQOL (−4–10, higher is better) was assessed at admission, three months follow-up and six months follow-up. With individual growth modeling, we established the associations between grip indicators and the outcome trajectories. Three-month survival was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In GGI, higher FR and GW were associated with better functional recovery from admission to three months follow-up (FR: B = −1.0 points per 10s increase, 95 %CI −1.9, −0.14; GW: B = −0.33 points per 100 kPa × s increase, 95 %CI −0.59, −0.07). HIP with higher grip indicators showed a better functional recovery towards three months follow-up (GSmax: B = −2.4 per 10 kPa increase, 95 %CI −3.9, −0.89; FR: B = −1.1, 95 %CI −2.4, 0.20; GW: B = −0.31, 95 %CI −0.61, −0.02). No or weak associations were found between grip indicators and HRQOL recovery. Hazard ratios pointed towards a better survival for better scores on grip indicators, but associations were not statistically significant.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Higher FR and GW at admission were associated with better recovery post-discharge in geriatric inpatients. Future research should examine the added clinical value of grip indicators in addition to known patient characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 113014"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145844317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intrinsic capacity–frailty phenotypes and subclinical inflammation in community-dwelling octogenarians: A cross-sectional analysis from the ilSIRENTE study","authors":"Stefano Cacciatore ,&nbsp;Riccardo Calvani ,&nbsp;Konstantinos Prokopidis ,&nbsp;Mathias Schlögl ,&nbsp;Andrea Russo ,&nbsp;Matteo Tosato ,&nbsp;Stephen D. Anton ,&nbsp;Christiaan Leeuwenburgh ,&nbsp;John A. Batsis ,&nbsp;Emanuele Marzetti ,&nbsp;Francesco Landi","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2026.113026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2026.113026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Chronic low-grade inflammation contributes to frailty and functional decline in aging. Intrinsic capacity (IC), defined as the composite of physical and mental reserves, complements frailty assessment by reflecting functional resilience. This cross-sectional analysis used baseline data from the ilSIRENTE cohort to examine the relationship between IC–frailty phenotypes and systemic inflammation in community-dwelling octogenarians and identify IC domains most closely related to inflammatory burden.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>IC was assessed across five domains (locomotion, cognition, vitality, psychological well-being, and sensory function), rescaled to a 0–100 range, and combined with frailty status to define four IC–frailty phenotypes (concordant frail, discordant low IC, discordant high IC, concordant robust). Plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured, and a composite inflammatory burden score (0–3) was derived.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The analysis included 311 participants (mean age 85.4 ± 4.7 years, 66.6 % women). Median CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α levels increased progressively from concordant robust to concordant frail groups (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01). In the fully adjusted model, concordant frail participants had higher inflammation compared with concordant robust (β = 0.71; 95 % CI 0.04–1.37; <em>p</em> = 0.03), while discordant high IC and discordant low IC showed intermediate values without statistical significance. A significant linear trend was observed across ordered phenotypes (β per category increment = 0.21, 95 % CI 0.06 to 0.37). Locomotion and vitality emerged as the domains most strongly linked to inflammation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>IC–frailty phenotypes show a biological gradient of subclinical inflammation, with higher IC having lower inflammation levels. Preserved locomotion reflects key functional correlates of resilience and vitality in advanced age.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 113026"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between dietary inflammation index and peripheral neuropathy: Insights into the role of biological aging from a cross-sectional NHANES study","authors":"Shishuang zhang ,&nbsp;Han Gao ,&nbsp;Yaru Liu ,&nbsp;Yongle Zhi ,&nbsp;Yu Du","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2026.113031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2026.113031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is a prevalent neurological disorder with significant health and socio-economic burdens. The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) systematically assesses the proinflammatory characteristics of dietary patterns. This study aimed to elucidate the complex relationships among DII, biological aging, and PN, and to deepen the understanding of the potential factors driving these associations, thereby providing novel insights for prevention and clinical intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study investigated the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2004 data. The linear association between DII and PN was assessed using binary logistic regression, while restricted cubic splines were employed to evaluate potential nonlinear relationships. Furthermore, mediation analysis was conducted to quantify the contribution of biological age in this association.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>This study enrolled and analyzed 7860 participants. DII revealed a significant correlation with the prevalence of PN (the odds ratio [OR] = 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03–1.30, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). A J-shaped nonlinear association was identified between DII and the PN (<em>p</em> = 0.0079), with an inflection point at 1.295. Beyond this threshold, OR significantly increased to 1.16 (95% CI: 1.03–1.30). Biological age contributed to 19.95% of the total association between DII and PN.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study demonstrates a J-shaped association between DII and PN, which is partially accounted for by biological aging. These findings provide a new perspective for preventing PN through a low-inflammation diet.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 113031"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145961082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional immunology in lifespan","authors":"Maryam Fallah ,&nbsp;Fatemeh Naeini ,&nbsp;Fatemeh Sadat Fahimzad ,&nbsp;Ali Nouri ,&nbsp;Sayyed Mehdi Rasooli Manesh ,&nbsp;Alireza Haghighi ,&nbsp;Soraiya Ebrahimpour-Koujan","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.113015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.113015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Immunonutrition refers to nutritional interventions that can improve immune function. The nutritional contents used in immunocytes include amino acids, vitamins, minerals, and flavonoids.</div><div>In this study, we examine the oxi-inflamm-aging theory, which illustrates the antioxidant effects of diet, immune system performance, and life span. According to this theory, if vitamin C is consumed in the early stages of life, it can increase life span. The main objective of this study was to investigate the potential role of key immunonutrients in modulating immune system activity and lifespan through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Vitamin E can reduce the mortality caused by the disease by inhibiting the oxidative damage associated with aging and inducing the P21 signaling pathway as an anti-cancer pathway. Also, vitamin D can reduce aging by increasing the expression of skinhead-1 (SKN-1), a gene of stress response pathways, inhibition of toxicity caused by human β-amyloid, and insolubility of proteins as a molecular pathology of aging. Zinc can adjust the activity of thymus and its hormones, regulating natural killer cells/Natural killer cells (NK/NKT), causing the inherent immune system responses. Moreover, Selenium can reduce the disorders induced by oxidative damage via improving the function of thyroid and immune cells, as well as metabolic and cellular redox homeostasis. Flavonoids also protect against the use of old cells and aging-related phenotypes by protecting nerve cells and metabolic homeostasis, as well as inhibiting old cells and aging phenotypes. However, the findings are still incomplete, and more studies are needed to prove this claim. Therefore, we made this study with careful attention to future issues.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 113015"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145852011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remnant cholesterol associated with all-cause mortality in oldest-old acute coronary syndrome patients: A cohort study","authors":"Zijie Dang ,&nbsp;Boning Zhou ,&nbsp;Yongkang Su ,&nbsp;Haocheng Huang ,&nbsp;Xin Zhang ,&nbsp;Yang Jiao ,&nbsp;Jian Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoling Hou ,&nbsp;Yanru Yang ,&nbsp;Zhenhong Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2026.113047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2026.113047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Previous studies showed that remnant cholesterol(RC) partially explained the residual risk of cardiovascular disease. We tried to test the hypothesis that remnant cholesterol is a risk factor for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular(CV) mortality in oldest-old(&gt;80 years old) patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>699 oldest-old patients with ACS and undergoing coronary angiography(CAG) were included in our study. RC was calculated by fasting total cholesterol(TC) minus low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL<img>C). With a maximum follow-up period of 10 years, 37 patients were lost to follow-up, and 662 were finally available for statistical analysis. Pearson's correlation test was used to assess the associations between RC and clinical parameter. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was used to identify the association between RC and all-cause mortality. Nelson-Aalen cumulative hazard curves and Fine-Gray plots were used to assess the association between RC and clinical outcomes, including all-cause mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), cardiovascular (CV) mortality, and non-CV mortality. Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was used to compare the discrimination capacity of RC, TC, HDL-C and LDL-C to predict all-cause mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the 662 oldest-old patients enrolled, 92.90% accepted statin therapy. The average age was 81.87 ± 2.14 years old. Nelson-Aalen cumulative hazard curves showed that the cumulative hazard of all-cause mortality and MACEs in the high RC tertile was higher than that in the middle or low RC tertiles. In the fully-adjusted Cox regression model, the Hazard ratio(HR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] of all-cause mortality was 1.17 (1.01, 1.44) for each standard deviation(SD) increase in RC. Compared to RC tertile 1, RC tertile 3 was associated with a 94% increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR:1.94; 95%CI: 1.22–3.10). The increased risk of all-cause death from tertile 1 to tertile 3 was statistically significant. Fine-Gray test showed that regarding CV mortality, marginally statistically significant differences in cumulative incidence were observed among the three RC tertile groups (<em>P</em> = 0.054). For non-CV mortality, statistically significant differences were detected across three groups (<em>P</em> = 0.026). The subgroup analysis confirmed the significant association between RC and all-cause mortality. ROC curve showed that RC had a better discrimination capacity at predicting all-cause mortality (AUC (95% CI): 0.621(0.575–0.666)), and improved the prognostic value of the Gensini score combined with left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Remnant cholesterol was associated with all-cause mortality in oldest-old patients with ACS in a long-term follow-up.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 113047"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146023521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}