Development and psychometric evaluation of the Polish version of the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ)

IF 4.3

Experimental gerontology Pub Date : 2025-09-06 DOI:10.1016/j.exger.2025.112886

Joanna Kłosowska , Magdalena Niedbał , Aleksandra Budzisz , Izabela A. Łaska , Elżbieta A. Bajcar , Julia Badzińska , Helena Bieniek , Justyna Brączyk , Daryna Rubanets , Karolina Wiercioch-Kuzianik , Magdalena Żegleń , Anna Przeklasa-Muszyńska , Lance M. McCracken , Przemysław Bąbel

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Chronic pain remains a significant health concern, particularly among older adults. Pain acceptance – engaging in valued activities despite pain without attempting to control or avoid it – is thought to buffer against the negative psychosocial impacts of chronic pain.

Objective

The present study aimed to adapt to Polish and evaluate the psychometric properties of a widely used measure of pain acceptance, namely the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ).

Methods

Two samples of individuals with chronic pain participated: an online sample (N = 418) and a hospital-recruited sample (N = 148). Confirmatory factor analyses assessed one-factor, two-correlated-factor, and two-orthogonal-factor models for both the original 20-item (CPAQ-20) and the short 8-item (CPAQ-8) versions.

Results

In both samples, the results consistently supported a two-factor correlated structure for the Polish CPAQ-8: Activity Engagement (AE) and Pain Willingness (PW). The CPAQ-20 did not show adequate fit. The CPAQ-8 demonstrated acceptable-to-good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.63-0.78 total; 0.75-0.82 subscales) and moderate test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.57). The Minimal Detectable Change for the total score was 9.34 points. In the online sample, CPAQ-8 scores negatively correlated with pain anxiety, pain catastrophizing, anxiety, and depression. Across both samples, total CPAQ-8 and PW scores, but not AE, were negatively associated with pain. Participants reporting activity limitations scored significantly lower on CPAQ-8. Additionally, age was positively correlated with AE scores in both samples.

Conclusions

Overall, the Polish CPAQ-8 exhibits good psychometric properties and is suitable for both research and clinical applications. Future studies should examine its longitudinal validity.

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波兰版慢性疼痛接受问卷（CPAQ）的编制与心理测量学评价。

背景：慢性疼痛仍然是一个重要的健康问题，特别是在老年人中。接受疼痛——不顾疼痛而不试图控制或避免疼痛，参与有价值的活动——被认为可以缓冲慢性疼痛的负面心理影响。目的：本研究旨在适应波兰和评估广泛使用的测量疼痛接受的心理测量学，即慢性疼痛接受问卷（CPAQ）。方法：两组慢性疼痛患者样本：在线样本（N = 418）和医院招募样本（N = 148）。验证性因子分析评估了原始20项（CPAQ-20）和短8项（CPAQ-8）版本的单因素、双相关因素和双正交因素模型。结果：在两个样本中，结果一致支持波兰CPAQ-8的双因素相关结构：活动参与（AE）和痛苦意愿（PW）。CPAQ-20没有显示出足够的匹配。CPAQ-8具有可接受到良好的内部一致性（Cronbach's α = 总0.63-0.78；分量表0.75-0.82）和中等的重测信度（ICC = 0.57）。总分的最小可检测变化为9.34分。在在线样本中，CPAQ-8得分与疼痛焦虑、疼痛灾难、焦虑和抑郁呈负相关。在两个样本中，CPAQ-8和PW总分与疼痛呈负相关，但AE不与疼痛呈负相关。报告活动限制的参与者在CPAQ-8上的得分明显较低。此外，年龄与AE评分均呈正相关。结论：总体而言，波兰CPAQ-8具有良好的心理测量性能，适合于研究和临床应用。未来的研究应检验其纵向有效性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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