Experimental gerontology最新文献

{"title":"CircXYLT1 suppresses oxidative stress and promotes vascular remodeling in aging mice carotid artery injury model of atherosclerosis via PTBP1","authors":"Gang Li ,&nbsp;Donghui Li ,&nbsp;Yajing Li ,&nbsp;Bingqi Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.112690","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.112690","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Atherosclerosis and aortic aneurysms are prevalent cardiovascular diseases in the elderly, characterized by chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. This study explores the role of CircXYLT1 in regulating oxidative stress and vascular remodeling in age-related vascular diseases. RNA sequencing revealed a significant upregulation of CircXYLT1 in the vascular tissues of aged mice, highlighting its potential role in age-related vascular diseases. Using a carotid artery wire injury model, we performed adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated knockdown and overexpression of CircXYLT1. Key oxidative stress markers, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), were measured. Knockdown of CircXYLT1 increased oxidative stress and reduced antioxidant protein expression (SOD, GPX), while overexpression led to decreased oxidative damage and enhanced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation. Mechanistically, CircXYLT1 interacted with PTBP1, reducing its nuclear localization and modulating downstream chemokine signaling pathways. These findings suggest that CircXYLT1 plays a critical role in vascular remodeling and oxidative stress regulation, offering potential as a therapeutic target for managing cardiovascular diseases in aging populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 112690"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143043818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between lipid accumulation products and mortality outcomes in patients with osteoporosis and osteopenia","authors":"Yazhou Liu ,&nbsp;Ying Yang ,&nbsp;Yuhao Li ,&nbsp;Wenbo Ding ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.112705","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.112705","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Osteoporosis (OP) and osteopenia are metabolic bone disorders associated with increased fragility and fracture risk. While lipid accumulation products (LAP) are emerging as potential markers of metabolic health, their prognostic significance in patients with OP or osteopenia remains unclear. The objective of this study is to elucidate the relationship between lipid accumulation products (LAP) and all-cause as well as cardiovascular mortality in individuals diagnosed with either condition.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data from the 2007–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were retrospectively analyzed. Kaplan-Meier survival curves, multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression, and restricted cubic spline plots were used to evaluate the association between LAP and mortality outcomes in patients with OP or osteopenia. Subgroup and threshold analyses were also conducted.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>This study included 4959 patients diagnosed with OP or osteopenia, followed over a comprehensive duration of 12 years, during which 800 instances of all-cause mortality and 194 deaths attributed to cardiovascular diseases were documented. A linear negative correlation was identified between LAP and both all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among patients with OP or osteopenia. Notably, at an LAP level of 3.69, the risk ratio reached 1, indicating a transition in mortality risk from high to low. Subgroup analyses revealed a more pronounced association between LAP and mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our study revealed a significant linear negative correlation between the lipid accumulation product (LAP) and both all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients diagnosed with osteoporosis (OP) and osteopenia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 112705"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143241689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of an earphone-based system to measure short physical performance battery in older adults","authors":"Hyeob Choi ,&nbsp;Sunghwan Ji ,&nbsp;Jinkyuk Kim ,&nbsp;Chang Keun Jung ,&nbsp;Jaehyung Shin ,&nbsp;Yun Jeong Baek ,&nbsp;Heyjin Kim ,&nbsp;Eun Young Kim ,&nbsp;Dae Young Kim ,&nbsp;Jae-Young Lim","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.112703","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.112703","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The short physical performance battery (SPPB) is a widely used clinical assessment tool to evaluate physical function in older adults. However, the manual measurement of the SPPB presents difficulties in terms of standardization and accessibility. To address these limitations, an earphone-shaped SPPB assessment device, named B-Lab, was developed. To validate the device, 45 healthy participants aged 60 years and older were recruited, and the SPPB results obtained through the B-Lab were compared with those from the manual method. Results showed high agreement between the two methods, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.87 and 0.68 for the first and second trials, respectively. The reliability of the B-Lab was also comparable to that of the manual method. Overall, the B-Lab showed potential as an alternative for assessing SPPB scores. It enables patients to assess their physical function without hospital visits, and is expected to contribute to the development of a more effective healthcare environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 112703"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143241690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metformin delays the decline in thermogenic function of brown adipose tissue in a mouse model of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome","authors":"Xin Xiang ,&nbsp;Yuyue Feng ,&nbsp;Hongcheng Li,&nbsp;Wenbo Li,&nbsp;Jia Li,&nbsp;Zhu Xia,&nbsp;Hua Pang,&nbsp;Zhengjie Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.112702","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.112702","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is the primary site for non-shivering thermogenesis in the body and plays a crucial role in maintaining core body temperature. However, its function gradually declines with age. To mitigate the age-related decline in BAT thermogenic capacity, we treated progeroid mice with metformin to investigate the potential mechanisms by which metformin can slow the reduction in BAT thermogenic function. We found that progeroid mice, after receiving metformin treatment, showed significant improvement in the senescent state of brown adipocytes through the activation of SIRT1, and effectively reduced mitochondrial oxidative stress. Additionally, metformin slowed the age-related decline in UCP1 expression levels in brown adipose tissue, thereby maintaining the thermogenic capacity of the progeroid mice. Moreover, metformin reduced inflammatory responses around senescent cells, further improving the overall senescent state of the tissue. These findings suggest that metformin can slow down the aging process in brown adipose tissue by targeting SIRT1, thereby enhancing its thermogenic capacity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 112702"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143241688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study of Baduanjin and brisk walking on balance and stability in older adults","authors":"Ya-Guang Yu ,&nbsp;Jun Zhang ,&nbsp;Lin Wang ,&nbsp;Dai-Feng Yu ,&nbsp;Gong-Bing Shan ,&nbsp;Xiao Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.112687","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.112687","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate the impact of practicing the health <em>Qigong-Baduanjin</em> exercise on lower limb balance among elderly individuals.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Two intervention methods, Baduanjin and brisk walking, were applied to study the effect of exercise on senior balancing. Sixty elderly individuals aged 65 to 79 were selected and randomly divided into the Baduanjin group, the brisk walking group, and the control group that did not engage in exercise. There were a total of 20 individuals in each group, 10 males and 10 females. The first two groups participated in a 16-week exercise regimen. The balance tests for members of all three groups were conducted.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>(1) For the eyes-open two-legged standing posture, the center of pressure (COP) was more centralized in the Baduanjin group; the swaying range of the body, forward and backward displacement, and left and right displacement among the elderly individuals in this group were significantly lower than those of the other two groups. (2) In the tests for two-legged standing, one-legged standing, and tandem feet stance, the elderly in the Baduanjin group had significantly lower swaying trajectory of the center of gravity, body swaying ellipse area, and maximum vibration parameters than those in the brisk walking and control groups. (3) The 2nd pose of Baduanjin, which involves a considerable amount of knee bending and semi-squatting exercises for the lower limbs, proved to be beneficial for the lower limb joints and body balance among the elderly.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Long-term practice of health Qigong-Baduanjin can exert a beneficial impact on improving the muscle strength of the lower limb joints and ankle joint flexibility, improving the static balance ability of the elderly, and consequently reducing their risk of falling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 112687"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143043778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between sex steroid hormones and α-klotho: Results from the NHANES 2013-2016 and Mendelian randomization study","authors":"Andong Guo ,&nbsp;Pengcheng Chen ,&nbsp;Jishuang Cao ,&nbsp;Chenrui Wu ,&nbsp;Sentai Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.112699","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.112699","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study aimed to explore the association and causal links between sex steroid hormones and the anti-aging protein α-Klotho, extending to investigate the mediation effects of potential mediators.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013–2016, this study performed weighted multivariable-adjusted logistic regression to evaluate the association between sex steroid hormones and α-Klotho. Then, utilizing summary data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS), a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was conducted to assess the causal relationship between sex steroid hormones and α-Klotho. Finally, mediation analysis was conducted to delineate the influence of five identified potential mediators on the sex steroid hormones-α-Klotho association.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In men, significant positive correlations with α-Klotho were consistent across both unadjusted and fully adjusted models for total testosterone (TT), bio-available testosterone (Bio-T), estradiol (E2) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) (Model 3: TT: β = 3.54, 95 % CI: 1.63–5.44, <em>P</em> = 0.0003; Bio-T: β = 1.74, 95 % CI: 0.73–2.74, <em>P</em> = 0.0007; E2: β = 0.25, 95 % CI: 0.11–0.38, P = 0.0003; SHBG: β = 0.95, 95 % CI: 0.63–1.27, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001); In premenopausal women, we detected a potential nonlinear relationship between TT levels and α-Klotho, with α-Klotho levels rising to a peak at a TT level of 72.2 ng/mL, after which they declined. Furthermore, results from MR analyses reaffirmed positive associations of TT and Bio-T with α-Klotho in men (TT: β = 3.54, 95 % CI: 1.63–5.44, <em>P</em> = 0.0003; Bio-T: β = 1.74, 95 % CI: 0.73–2.74, <em>P</em> = 0.0007). Finally, significant mediation effects were observed for uric acid (β = 0.27, 95 % CI: 0.15–0.67, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001) and creatinine (β = 0.05, 95 % CI: 0.01–0.16, <em>P</em> = 0.0060), accounting for 26.7 % and 5.23 % of the total mediation effect, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In conclusion, our results demonstrate that both TT and Bio-T enhance the expression of α-Klotho in men. The positive association observed may be partly mediated by uric acid and creatinine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 112699"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143094690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Young bone marrow transplantation delays bone aging in old mice.","authors":"Lina Abu-Nada, Younan Liu, Faez Al-Hamed, Bouchra Ouliass, Magali Millecamps, Simon D Tran, Guylaine Ferland, Vahab D Soleimani, Faleh Tamimi Marino, Monzur Murshed","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.112704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2025.112704","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent discoveries have shown that systemic manipulation, such as parabiosis, blood exchange, and young plasma transfer, can counteract many hallmarks of aging. This rejuvenation effect has been attributed to circulatory factors produced by cells from both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic lineages. However, the specific involvement of bone marrow (BM) or hematopoietic cells in producing such factors and their effects on aging is still unclear. We developed a model of aged mice with transplanted young or old BM cells and assessed the impact on the aging process, specifically on energy metabolism and bone metabolism. The donor BM cell engraftment in the aged mice was confirmed by flow cytometry using a transplanted cell-specific marker (green fluorescent protein). Energy metabolism was assessed using Oxymax indirect calorimetry system after 3 months of transplantation. Tibiae and L3-L4 vertebrae were analyzed using micro-CT, A three-point bending test and bone histomorphometry. Moreover, bone marrow proteome was assessed using proteomics and blood serum/plasma was collected and analyzed using Luminex. Our results showed that while the effect on energy metabolism was insignificant, rejuvenating the BM through young bone marrow transplantation reversed age-associated low bone mass traits in old mice. Specifically, young bone marrow transplantation improved bone trabecular microarchitecture both in tibiae and vertebrae of old mice and increased the number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts compared to old bone marrow transplantation. In conclusion, young bone marrow cells may represent a future therapeutic strategy for age-related diseases such as osteoporosis. The findings of this study provide important insights into our understanding of aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":" ","pages":"112704"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143367091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine mitigates the severity of colitis in aged mice by inhibiting autophagy","authors":"Ailing Liu ,&nbsp;Hongying Wang ,&nbsp;Hong Lv ,&nbsp;Hong Yang ,&nbsp;Yue Li ,&nbsp;Jiaming Qian","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.112697","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.112697","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The elderly ulcerative colitis (UC) patients pose unique challenges due to their comorbidities, diminished functional capacity, and heightened risk of treatment-related complications. Thus, finding a safe and effective treatment for this age group is crucial.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This study investigates the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of UC in young and elderly patients, and explores the therapeutic potential and mechanisms of autophagy modulators in aged mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Colonic biopsies were collected from young and old UC patients as well as comparable healthy subjects. Young (6–8 weeks) and aged (56 weeks) C57BL/6 mice were treated with DSS to induce acute colitis model. The autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine was administered intraperitoneally to aged DSS-induced mice. The autophagy activity was detected by the protein expressions of LC3B-II, p62 and ATG5 by western blot and immunohistochemistry. The levels of TNF -α, IL-6, CCL4, CXCL12 and CD86 were measured by qRT-PCR. The transcriptional activity of NF-κB was measured by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Increased autophagy activity was observed in aged DSS-induced mice. Treatment with 3-methyladenine suppressed autophagy in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and alleviated colitis severity. Additionally, 3-methyladenine reduced macrophage recruitment, decreased IL-6 levels, and inhibited NF-κB signaling, thereby mitigating inflammation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Significant differences in autophagy activity were identified between young and aged DSS-induced mice. These findings underscore the potential therapeutic benefits of autophagy inhibition in elderly UC patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 112697"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143076746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rhythms and shifts of chemokines and cytokines interplay in a decade lifespan: The longitudinal community-based Bambuí health and aging study.","authors":"Joaquim Pedro Brito-de-Sousa, Maria Luiza Lima-Silva, Ismael Artur da Costa-Rocha, Ana Carolina Campi-Azevedo, Juliana Vaz de Melo Mambrini, Ana Maria Caetano Faria, Maria Fernanda Lima-Costa, Sérgio Viana Peixoto, Andréa Teixeira-Carvalho, Karen Cecília de Lima Torres, Olindo Assis Martins-Filho","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.112700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2025.112700","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aging is associated with several physiological changes, including a remarkable remodeling of the immune system. Herein, the rhythms and shifts in serum immune mediators were characterized in a decade lifespan as a longitudinal community-based prospective investigation from Bambuí Health and Aging Study. The study population included paired samples from 713 subjects survivors from the original BHAS cohort and at 10-years Follow-up, categorized into 5-years age range intervals (60-64^Yrs towards 90 + ^Yrs). Quantification of soluble mediators were carried out by Cytometric Bead Array. The results demonstrated a rhythmic increase in serum immune mediators, especially CXCL9, CXCL10, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF following the aging process, particularly at age intervals 70-74^Yrs and 85-89^Yrs. More prominent fold change magnitudes were observed for TNF (27.64×), CXCL9 (2.40×), IL-1β (2.20×), IL-6 (1.47×) and CXCL10 (1.26×). On the other hand, analysis of integrative networks showed a waning in the correlation numbers between immune mediators in a decade lifespan and a shift of connectivity from chemokines at Enrollment towards cytokines at 10-years Follow-up. Cross-correlation approaches revealed that CXCL9, CXCL10, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 were placed in the innermost position, underscoring the higher contribution of these mediators along aging. Overall, these findings re-emphasize the impact of aging in the dynamic profile of serum immune mediators, highlighting the shift of selective mediators and their rhythmic signatures across chronological aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":" ","pages":"112700"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143257456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural mechanisms of non-pharmacological interventions in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: An ALE meta-analysis","authors":"Ning Wang ,&nbsp;Jinkun Li ,&nbsp;Yunxiao Guo ,&nbsp;Panbing Zhang ,&nbsp;Fulin You ,&nbsp;Ziyi Wang ,&nbsp;Zhonghuan Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaobin Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.112678","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.112678","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-pharmacologic interventions are effective for persons showing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). We used activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis to systematically quantify the results of 19 neuroimaging studies in order to identify brain regions in which patients showed stable increases or decreases in activation after interventions. We also tested the moderating effects of disease stage (MCI vs. AD) and intervention modality (cognitive training vs. exercise intervention). The results showed increased activation in the cuneus, precuneus and medial frontal gyrus in the combined groups after treatment, whereas the anterior cingulate gyrus showed decreased activation. Secondly, in the MCI group there was increased activation in the precuneus and precentral gyrus after treatment, whereas there was decreased activation in the anterior cingulate gyrus; in the AD group there was only increased activation after treatment, including in the lingual gyrus and bilateral superior temporal gyrus. Finally, the bilateral cuneus and precentral gyrus showed increased activation after cognitive training, while bilateral insula, among others, showed decreased activation. This suggests that there are brain activation changes after non-pharmacological treatments for MCI and AD patients, but that the treatment mechanisms are moderated by stage and intervention modality. Future studies could continue to explore specific neural mechanisms involved in different intervention conditions for these patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 112678"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142960605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}