Experimental gerontology最新文献

{"title":"The influence of ageism on the hallmarks of aging: Where age stigma and biology collide","authors":"Helio J. Coelho-Junior ,&nbsp;Riccardo Calvani ,&nbsp;Anna Picca ,&nbsp;Francesco Landi ,&nbsp;Emanuele Marzetti","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112575","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112575","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ageism encompasses the creation of negative stereotypes of aging that culminate in the development of prejudicial thoughts and discriminatory actions against people in advanced age. Stereotypes refer to major characteristics, overgeneralized, not supported by observations, that are created to categorize, simplify, and combine complex characteristics, attributes, and behaviors shared by members of a group into more simplistic categories. Negative aging stereotypes include the assumption that old people are weak, reminiscent, sick, and tired, to quote a few. In early age, these views may generate intergenerational conflicts between young and old people, but they seem to have little effect on other aspects of life. However, in middle-aged and older adults, the presence of negative-self stereotypes of aging are significantly associated with several health parameters, including walking speed, cognitive function, mental health problems, and accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Furthermore, observational studies found that ageism might be associated with cardiovascular events, obesity, dementia, and death. These harmful effects are possibly mediated by the interaction between ageism and fundamental mechanisms of aging, mainly inflammation. Given the clinical implications of this relationship, the present manuscript provides a critical review of the available literature that examined associations between ageism and health parameters. We also discuss the main possible mechanisms underlying this association, the main limitations of the current literature, candidate strategies to counteract ageism, and directions to future studies. Finally, we provide a critical opinion of the current scenario and its potential adaptability to the clinical practice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 112575"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0531556524002213/pdfft?md5=95bb50e061fbf48d44ce99cc9aeb82e2&pid=1-s2.0-S0531556524002213-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142147176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age- and sex-dependence of muscle quality: Influence of intramuscular non-contractile tissues","authors":"Hoshizora Ichinose ,&nbsp;Fumiko Tanaka ,&nbsp;Takaki Yamagishi ,&nbsp;Natsuki Sado ,&nbsp;Hiroto Shiotani ,&nbsp;Pavlos E. Evangelidis ,&nbsp;Munekazu Naito ,&nbsp;Shigenobu Shibata ,&nbsp;Yasuo Kawakami","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Muscle quality is explained by the ratio between muscle size and strength. Conventionally, muscle size is evaluated without considering the composition of contractile and non-contractile tissues in muscle, hence the influence of non-contractile tissues on muscle quality is not fully understood, especially within aging muscle. This study investigated the differences in intramuscular non-contractile tissues between different age and sex groups, and investigated their influence on muscle quality.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Eighty-two older and 64 young females and males participated. Muscle cross-sectional area (quadriceps and hamstrings), separating contractile and non-contractile areas, was calculated from the magnetic resonance image of the right mid-thigh. Maximal voluntary isometric knee extension and flexion torque was measured. Torque/muscle area and torque/contractile area were calculated for each age and sex group.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Non-contractile/muscle area was higher in older than in young individuals in both muscle groups (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), and it was greater in the hamstrings than in the quadriceps. For the hamstrings, torque/muscle area was lower in older than in young individuals in both sexes (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). However, torque/contractile area did not show the differences between age groups, only between sexes (males&gt;females) (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The results indicate that 1) the presence of non-contractile tissues varies by age and muscle groups, 2) the extensive presence of non-contractile tissues can contribute to the underestimation of its muscle quality, and 3) the sex differences in muscle quality are influenced by factors other than muscle composition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 112574"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0531556524002201/pdfft?md5=04fdfc19148f685c5b7b5125fd2727ee&pid=1-s2.0-S0531556524002201-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142142125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Handgrip strength: A simple and effective tool to recognize decreased intrinsic capacity in Chinese older adults","authors":"Saiyare Xuekelati ,&nbsp;Zhuoya Maimaitiwusiman ,&nbsp;Hong Xiang,&nbsp;Aishanjiang Wumaer,&nbsp;Xue Bai,&nbsp;Hongmei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Intrinsic capacity impairment results in poor outcomes among older adults. Here we tested handgrip strength as a screening tool for IC impairment in community-dwelling older adults in Xinjiang, China. We assessed the diagnostic accuracy and established optimal cut-off points for handgrip strength in the detection of intrinsic capacity impairment.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In total, 1072 participants were included using a multilevel random sampling method. Intrinsic capacity was constructed according to the definition of the Integrated Care for Older People screening tool proposed by the WHO.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Altogether, 73.4 % (787/1072) participants had intrinsic capacity impairment. The prevalence of intrinsic capacity impairment for hearing, vision, mobility, cognition, psychological, and vitality domains was 8.6 %, 4.8 %, 39.6 %, 47.3 %, 12.0 %, and 18.8 %, respectively. The adjusted odds ratios [95 % confidence interval) for handgrip strength was 0.935 [0.914–0.956]. The area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve for handgrip strength of older men, and handgrip strength of older women with intrinsic capacity impairment were 0.7278, and 0.7534, respectively. The handgrip strength cut-off points were 28.47 kg (60–69 years), 25.76 kg (70–79 years), and 24.45 kg (≥80 years) for men, and 20.75 kg (60–69 years), 19.90 kg (70–79 years), and 16.17 kg (≥80 years) for women.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Handgrip strength can be used as a convenient tool for evaluating intrinsic capacity. Weak handgrip strength and low education level were associated with intrinsic capacity impairment in community-dwelling older adults in Xinjiang. Using the cut-off points of handgrip strength for different age groups and genders, older adults with impaired intrinsic capacity can be identified, which may reduce the occurrence of adverse outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 112567"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0531556524002134/pdfft?md5=6baaf4f4f6f5c6368aff30316725ab68&pid=1-s2.0-S0531556524002134-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142142127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sarcopenia and cognitive impairment in older adults: Long-term prognostic implications based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011–2014)","authors":"Chong Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenjin Peng ,&nbsp;Weiru Liang ,&nbsp;Tingting Guo ,&nbsp;Kun Hu ,&nbsp;Wei Su ,&nbsp;Yi Chen ,&nbsp;Meng Ning ,&nbsp;Yingwu Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112561","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112561","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><p>The relationship between sarcopenia and cognitive impairment in older adults remains contentious. This study investigates this association and examines the long-term prognosis for individuals with both conditions.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2014, this study focuses on the correlation between sarcopenia and cognitive impairment, as well as the extended prognosis for individuals managing these conditions.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The study cohort comprised 2890 participants, with 648 (22.4 %) diagnosed with sarcopenia. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified a significant association between sarcopenia and an increased risk of cognitive impairment (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.68, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.30–2.17). Over a median follow-up period of 48 months, 200 individuals (6.9 %) succumbed to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CCVDs), including hypertension, congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, and stroke, as well as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Participants had comorbid conditions such as CCVDs and diabetes mellitus. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and the Cox proportional hazards model indicated that individuals with both sarcopenia and cognitive impairment had the highest mortality risk from CCVDs and AD (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 2.73, 95 % CI: 1.48–5.02). Individuals with sarcopenia and comorbidities exhibited a higher mortality risk from CCVDs or AD compared to those without sarcopenia but with comorbidities (aHR: 2.71, 95 % CI: 1.37–5.37).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Sarcopenia is independently associated with cognitive impairment. Older adults with both sarcopenia and cognitive impairment or concurrent comorbidities face increased mortality risks from CCVDs or AD compared to their healthy counterparts.</p></div><div><h3>Clinical implication</h3><p></p><ul><li><span>•</span><span><p>Sarcopenia is associated with cognitive impairment.</p></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><p>Cognitive impairment and comorbidities increased the risk of mortality from CCVDs and AD for sarcopenia patients.</p></span></li></ul></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 112561"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0531556524002079/pdfft?md5=20a721de334f35a15c175dc1a751aee3&pid=1-s2.0-S0531556524002079-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142074783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of the frailty index in predicting recurrent pneumonia and death in long-term hospitalized patients with vascular cognitive impairment","authors":"Rong Zheng ,&nbsp;Sha Huang ,&nbsp;Lanlan Chen ,&nbsp;Libin Liu ,&nbsp;Meiling Ge ,&nbsp;Yanwu Yang ,&nbsp;Youguo Tan ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112576","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112576","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;The aim was to predict the effectiveness of using frailty, defined by the frailty index (FI), for predicting recurrent pneumonia and death in patients over 50 years and older with vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) during long-term hospitalization.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Measurements&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;This retrospective cohort study was conducted at a teaching hospital in western China and included VCI patients aged ≥50 years undergoing long-term hospitalization. The relevant data were collected from the electronic medical record system. The FI was based on 31 parameters and groups were defined using a cutoff value (0.2) as robust (FI &lt; 0.2) and FRAIL (≥0.2). The definition of recurrent pneumonia was a minimum of two episodes within a year, with the symptoms, signs, and imaging results of pneumonia disappearing completely between episodes, and a minimum interval between episodes of seven days. Death was recorded by the hospital as the result of cardiac and respiratory arrest and survival was defined as the interval between hospital admission and confirmed death. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between FI and recurrent pneumonia, while associations between FI and death were assessed by Cox proportional hazards models.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;A total of 252 long-term hospitalized VCI patients ≥50 years old were enrolled, of whom 115 were male (45.6 %). Ninety-seven patients (38.5 %) were defined as FRAIL. The median length of stay for hospitalized patients was 37 months. Overall, 215 patients developed pneumonia during hospitalization, which occurred an average of 14.5 months after admission, while 151 (59.9 %) had recurrent pneumonia, and 155 (61.5 %) died. Of these, 143 died in the hospital and 12 died after discharge. No significant differences were seen in the incidence of recurrent pneumonia between FRAIL and robust long-term hospitalized VCI patients (FRAIL vs. robust: 66.0 % vs. 56.1 %, P = 0.121) while FRAIL patients had a higher mortality rate than robust patients (FRAIL vs. robust: 71.1 % vs. 55.5 %, P = 0.013). After further Cox regression analysis and adjustment for possible confounders found to be significant in the univariate analysis (including age, sex, smoking history, and activities of daily living (ADL) score), FRAIL patients had a higher risk of death than healthy patients (HR = 1.595, 95 % CI: 1.149–2.213). In addition, based on Model 2, confounding variables that were not statistically significant in the univariate analysis but may have had an impact on the results (including marital status, educational level, drinking history, comorbidity and rehabilitation treatment) were incorporated into Model 3 for further correction. The result remained unchanged, namely, that compared with robust patients, FRAIL patients had a higher risk of death (HR = 1.771, 95 % CI: 1.228–2.554).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions and implications&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Frailty defined by the FI was effective for pred","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 112576"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0531556524002225/pdfft?md5=2cffae132f53e1aeacb3878f5922b9b9&pid=1-s2.0-S0531556524002225-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142147177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the surgical efficacy of robot-assisted and freehand nail placement in the treatment of sarcopenia combined with femoral neck fractures younger than 65 years","authors":"Zhaoyang Yin ,&nbsp;Hailong Zhang ,&nbsp;Chao Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaolong Jia ,&nbsp;Wei Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112565","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112565","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>There is limited research on the effectiveness of orthopedic robot-assisted treatment for sarcopenia combined with femoral neck fractures (FNF) in clinical settings. This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of orthopedic robot-assisted screw placement with traditional manual screw placement for treating sarcopenia combined with FNF.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The retrospective study included patients with FNF under the age of 65 who were admitted to the Department of Orthopedics at XX Hospital Affiliated to XX University between January 2019 and March 2022 and underwent internal fixation with cannulated screws. Grip strength of the dominant hand was measured, and the skeletal muscle index (SMI) was calculated based on the muscle tissue area at the level of the 12th thoracic vertebrae on chest CT divided by height squared. Sarcopenia was diagnosed when SMI was below 42.6 cm²/m² for men or 30.6 cm²/m² for women. Patients were then grouped based on whether they underwent orthopedic robot-assisted surgery, as the robot-assisted (RA) group or the freehand (FH) group. Follow-up evaluations over 24–36 months included various parameters such as operation time, blood loss, X-ray shots, number of needle drilling, cannulated nail parallelism, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, time to weight-bearing, perioperative infection, VAS (visual analogue scale) scores at 1 and 6 months post-surgery, Harris hip score at 6 months post-surgery, and incidence of nonunions and femoral head necrosis within 24 months post-surgery.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 127 participants were enrolled in this study, with 46 individuals in the RG group and 81 in the FG group. Across both groups, factors such as gender, age, SMI, injury sides, Garden classifications, intraoperative blood loss, preoperative CRP, and VAS scores at 6 months post-surgery did not show statistically significant differences (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05). The RA group exhibited shorter operation time, fewer intraoperative X-ray shots, less needle drilling, and lower postoperative CRP levels compared to the FH group. The VAS score of the RA group was lower one month after surgery, whereas the Harris score was higher six months post-surgery (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). The parallel angle of the hollow screws in the RA group was superior to that in the FH screw placement group, with an earlier time to bear weight on the ground post-surgery (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in incision infection, femoral neck nonunion (within 9 months after surgery), and patient satisfaction between the two groups (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05). Furthermore, the rate of femoral head necrosis after fracture within 2 years in the RA group was lower compared to the FH screw placement group, with statistically significant differences (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 112565"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0531556524002110/pdfft?md5=55f2250bcc7065e622f76f7af37045f2&pid=1-s2.0-S0531556524002110-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142116447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postmenopausal status increases the risk of uric acid stones","authors":"Yii-Her Chou ,&nbsp;Ching-Chia Li ,&nbsp;Wen-Jeng Wu ,&nbsp;Yung-Shun Juan ,&nbsp;Tsu-Ming Chien","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112570","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112570","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study investigated the impact of menopause on stone composition in women with urolithiasis.</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>A cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2013 to March 2018. Women with urolithiasis patients were divided into two groups according to their menopause status.</p></div><div><h3>Main outcome measures</h3><p>The clinical demographic characteristics, stone removal, stone composition, and urine chemistry were investigated. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were performed to identify risk factors for the risk of uric acid stones.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Our study enrolled 1221 female patients with stone diseases, 783 (64.1 %) of whom were postmenopausal (66 patients surgically menopause and 717 patients naturally menopause). Postmenopausal women had higher rates of diabetes and hyperuricemia, a higher serum uric acid level, a higher urinary specific gravity, and a lower estimated glomerular filtration rate. Stone analysis revealed calcium oxalate stones in 66.2 % of the patients, apatite stones in 19.4 %, calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate stones in 7.7 %, uric acid stones in 4.4 %, struvite stones in 2.0 %, and brushite stones in 0.2 %. Postmenopausal women had a higher rate of uric acid stones. Multivariate analysis confirmed that postmenopausal status and hyperuricemia were independent risk factors of uric acid stones. Postmenopausal women required more invasive procedures to remove the stones, and they had lower self-voiding rates.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Postmenopausal women had higher rates of stone episodes, specifically related to uric acid stones. Given the prevalence and impact of chronic kidney diseases, factors that impede optimal renal function management in women must be identified to provide tailored treatment recommendations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 112570"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S053155652400216X/pdfft?md5=5db95341aec2840f4262560cc9ca3dff&pid=1-s2.0-S053155652400216X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of eight weeks of endurance training and MitoQ supplementation on antioxidant capacity and the expression of sestrin-2 and AMPK in cardiac tissue of aged rats","authors":"Fatemeh Sadat Rouholamini ,&nbsp;Mohsen Aminaei ,&nbsp;Soheil Aminizadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112572","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112572","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>The present study aimed to investigate the effects of endurance training (ET) in combination with MitoQ supplementation on antioxidant indices and the expression of sesterin-2 (SESN2) as an anti-aging factor and AMPK as an energy sensor in aged male Wistar rats.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Twenty-eight aged Wistar rats (410 ± 15 g, 22 ± 1.5 months old) were randomly divided into four groups (<em>n</em> = 7): Control, ET (eight weeks endurance training on the treadmill), MitoQ (250 μ/L in drinking water), and ET + MitoQ. We measured the protein and gene expression of SESN2 and AMPK in the heart tissue by western blotting and real-time PCR, respectively. In addition, antioxidant indices, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, and oxidant malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in the cardiac tissue and serum were measured.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>SESN2 and AMPK protein expression significantly increased in the MitoQ group compared to the control group (<em>P =</em> 0.002, <em>P =</em> 0.0003). MDA content in tissue and serum remained unchanged in all groups (<em>P &gt;</em> 0.05). MitoQ supplementation significantly increased SOD and GPx enzyme activity in serum and cardiac tissue (<em>P =</em> 0.001).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Overall, ET and MitoQ alone and in combination have anti-aging effects and improve the expression of AMPK and SESN2. Additionally, ET and MitoQ lead to improved antioxidant capacity in aged rats by ameliorating the activity of antioxidant enzymes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 112572"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0531556524002183/pdfft?md5=3ab9c6e94b5be6275147b38f25d1b387&pid=1-s2.0-S0531556524002183-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142129817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the effectiveness of a computerized cognitive stimulation program designed from Occupational Therapy according to the level of cognitive reserve in older adults in Primary Care: Stratified randomized clinical trial protocol","authors":"Estela Calatayud ,&nbsp;Bárbara Oliván-Blázquez ,&nbsp;Alejandra Aguilar-Latorre ,&nbsp;Juan Nicolás Cuenca-Zaldivar ,&nbsp;Rosa Mª. Magallón-Botaya ,&nbsp;Isabel Gómez-Soria","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112568","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Normal aging presents subtle cognitive changes that can be detected before meeting the criteria for Mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Older people with low cognitive reserve and who receive limited cognitive stimulation are at greater risk of deterioration. In this regard, cognitive stimulation (CS) has been identified as an intervention that reduces this risk, provided that its design takes into account the differences in the level of cognitive reserve (CR) acquired throughout life and the baseline level of cognitive functioning. The general objective of this study is to evaluate, through a randomized clinical trial, the effectiveness of a computerized cognitive stimulation program, designed and adapted from Occupational Therapy based on the level of cognitive reserve in older adults in Primary Care. 100 participants will be randomized in a stratified manner according to the level of cognitive reserve (low/moderate/high), assigning 50 participants to the control group and 50 participants to the intervention group. The intervention group will carry out a computerized cognitive stimulation intervention designed and adapted from occupational therapy according to the level of cognitive reserve, through the “stimulus” platform. The main result expected to be achieved is the improvement of higher brain functions. As secondary results, we expect that those cognitive aspects most vulnerable to aging will decrease more slowly (in areas such as memory, executive function, attention and processing speed), and that the cognitive reserve of the participants will increase, in addition to being able to balance gender differences in these aspects. We think that these results can have a positive impact on the creation of adapted, meaningful and stimulating CS programs in older adults to prevent MCI and experience healthier aging.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 112568"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0531556524002146/pdfft?md5=589092aef276496b8ef795a1b205b4a5&pid=1-s2.0-S0531556524002146-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142121424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbiota metabolic pathways: Key players in knee osteoarthritis development","authors":"Jingkai Di ,&nbsp;Yujia Xi ,&nbsp;Yawen Wu ,&nbsp;Yijing Di ,&nbsp;Xinglong Xing ,&nbsp;Zhibo Zhang ,&nbsp;Chuan Xiang","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2024.112566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To confirm the causality of gut microbiota pathway abundance and knee osteoarthritis (KOA).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Microbial metabolic pathways were taken as exposures, with data from the Dutch Microbiome Project (DMP). Data on KOA from the UK Biobank were utilized as endpoints. In addition, we extracted significant and independent single nucleotide polymorphisms as instrumental variables. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was applied to explore the causal relationship between gut microbiota pathway abundance and KOA, and MR-Egger and weighted median were used as additional validation of the MR results. Meanwhile, Cochran Q, MR-Egger intercept, MR-PRESSO, and leave-one-out were used to perform sensitivity analyses on the MR results.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>MR results showed that enterobactin biosynthesis, diacylglycerol biosynthesis I, <em>Clostridium acetobutylicum</em> acidogenic fermentation, glyoxylate bypass and tricarboxylic acid cycle were the risk factors for KOA. (OR = 1.13,95%CI = 1.04–1.23;OR = 1.12,95%CI = 1.04–1.20;OR = 1.14,95%CI = 1.04–1.26; OR = 1.06,95%CI = 1.00–1.12) However, adenosylcobalamin salvage from cobinamide I, hexitol fermentation to lactate formate ethanol and acetate, purine nucleotides degradation II aerobic, L tryptophan biosynthesis and inosine 5 phosphate biosynthesis III pathway showed significant protection against KOA. (OR = 0.93,95%CI = 0.86–1.00;OR = 0.94,95%CI = 0.88–1.00;OR = 0.91,95%CI = 0.86–0.97;OR = 0.95,95%CI = 0.92–0.99; OR = 0.91, 95%CI = 0.85–0.98) Further multiplicity and sensitivity analyses demonstrated the robustness of the results.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our study identified specific metabolic pathways in gut microbiota that promote or inhibit KOA, which provides the most substantial evidence-based medical evidence for the pathogenesis and prevention of KOA.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 112566"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0531556524002122/pdfft?md5=8e635baad9a33dbe46c3fdff0492fe57&pid=1-s2.0-S0531556524002122-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142127743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}