Experimental gerontology最新文献

{"title":"Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in aging: Trends and clinical implications","authors":"Francisco Alejandro Lagunas-Rangel","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.112908","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.112908","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has emerged as a widely accessible and cost-effective marker of systemic inflammation, derived from routine peripheral blood counts. It has demonstrated clinical relevance across a broad spectrum of conditions, including infections, cardiovascular disease, malignancies, trauma, postoperative complications, and cancer. Aging is associated with a gradual rise in NLR, driven by increasing neutrophil counts and declining lymphocyte numbers, reflecting underlying immunosenescence and systemic inflammation. Elevated NLR in older adults has been linked to greater morbidity and mortality, with higher levels correlating with increased risk, disease severity, and poorer clinical outcomes in age-related conditions. Interestingly, centenarians exhibit a slower age-related increase in NLR compared with non-centenarians, suggesting a more resilient immune system. This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on the trajectory of NLR across the human lifespan and its clinical relevance in the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of selected age-related diseases. Additionally, it explores emerging strategies to mitigate age-related NLR increases, including regular physical activity, targeted dietary interventions, and pharmacological approaches. A deeper understanding of NLR dynamics may inform preventive and therapeutic strategies to enhance health outcomes in aging populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 112908"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145121052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"D-galactose-induced aging and obese conditions contribute to aging and pathologies in dental pulp of male wistar rats","authors":"Savitri Vaseenon ,&nbsp;Nattayaporn Apaijai ,&nbsp;Wasana Pratchayasakul ,&nbsp;Nipon Chattipakorn ,&nbsp;Siriporn C. Chattipakorn","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.112907","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.112907","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Our previous studies demonstrated that both D-galactose (D-gal)-mediated aging and high-fat diet (HF)-promoted obesity trigger inflammation, impair mitochondrial function in heart and brain, and disrupt bone homeostasis. However, the dental pulp pathologies in aging and obesity remain unclear. Insight into pulp biology under systemic conditions may facilitate strategies for maintaining pulp vitality. This study explored the effects of D-gal-mediated aging and HF-promoted obesity and co-administered conditions on aging, inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dynamics, and cell death in rats' dental pulp. Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly allocated to normal diet (ND) or HF. At week 13, each dietary condition was subdivided into four subgroups (<em>n</em> = 6/subgroup). Each subgroup was administered either vehicle (NDV or HFV; 0.9 % normal saline, subcutaneous injection, once daily) or D-gal (NDD or HFD; 150 mg/kg/day, subcutaneous injection, once daily) for four or eight weeks. After euthanasia, rats' dental pulp was gathered. At both time points, HF-fed rats showed insulin-resistance and hypercholesterolemia; D-gal caused only insulin-resistance in ND-fed rats and did not exacerbate metabolic disorder in HF-fed rats. At four weeks, pulpal inflammation was observed in the HFD rats. At eight weeks, dental pulp from NDD and HFV rats exhibited senescence and inflammation, while HFV rats also showed impaired mitophagy and increased apoptosis. The pulpal pathologies were most observed in eight-week HFD rats including senescence, inflammation, oxidative stress, imbalanced mitochondrial dynamics, impaired mitophagy and autophagy, and increased apoptosis. These findings suggest D-gal-mediated aging aggravated senescence and pathologies in dental pulp of obese rats progressively over time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 112907"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145139797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the editor: Specialized large language models with explainability for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis","authors":"Mete Ucdal","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.112905","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.112905","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 112905"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145103222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between stress systems and inflammation in older adults concerned about falling – Findings from the FEARFALL study","authors":"Anja Müller ,&nbsp;Robert Kob ,&nbsp;Cornel Christian Sieber ,&nbsp;Ellen Freiberger ,&nbsp;Nicolas Rohleder ,&nbsp;Sabine Britting","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.112899","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.112899","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Concerns about falling (CaF) in older adults are associated with decreased activity and negative health outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine associations between CaF, stress system activity, and low-grade inflammation in community-dwelling older adults.</div><div>In the randomized-controlled FEARFALL study, <em>N</em> = 160 older adults (≥70 years) were enrolled (mean age: 79.5; 73.8 % women); data from 102 were analyzed. The Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I), the FES-I Avoidance Behavior (FES-IAB) and Updated Perceived Control over Falling Scale (UP-CoF) were used to assess CaF. Saliva samples were analyzed to determine stress system activity (cortisol, alpha-amylase). Inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein [CRP], interleukin-6 [IL-6]) were determined in blood.</div><div>A higher UP-CoF score was significantly associated with higher individual cortisol values (<em>β</em> = 0.01, 95 %-CI [0.00, 0.01], <em>p</em> = .047) and was marginally associated with a steeper diurnal cortisol decline (<em>p</em> = .059). No significant associations were found between CaF and alpha-amylase or its parameters (AAR, slope, AUCg). IL-6 was significantly associated with age (<em>β</em> = 0.01, 95 %-CI [0.00, 0.01], <em>p</em> = .019) and BMI (<em>β</em> = 0.27, 95 %-CI [0.00, 0.02], <em>p</em> = .004), while CRP also showed a significant association with BMI (<em>β</em> = 0.01, 95 %-CI [0.00, 0.02], <em>p</em> = .004). There were no significant associations between CaF and inflammatory markers.</div><div>Perceived control over falls is associated with physiological cortisol dynamics and may play a role in regulating the stress system activity in older adults. These findings show that psychological factors, such as perceived control, may influence stress regulation in older adults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 112899"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative impact of body composition from abdominal computed tomography and paraspinal muscle degeneration on subsequent vertebral fracture risk","authors":"Yuchao Xiong ,&nbsp;Wei Guo ,&nbsp;Zhiwu Li ,&nbsp;Zhiqiong Li ,&nbsp;Bohuan Wang ,&nbsp;Xuwen Zeng ,&nbsp;Fan Xu ,&nbsp;Li Wu ,&nbsp;Honghong Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.112904","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.112904","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) are a growing public health concern, particularly as a complication of osteoporosis, and significantly increase the risk of subsequent VCFs. This study aimed to elucidate the independent contributions of body composition and paraspinal muscle degeneration to subsequent VCFs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective cohort study enrolled patients diagnosed with acute VCF between 2013 and 2022 who met the following criteria: undergoing abdominal computed tomography (CT) within ±7 days of diagnosis and having a clinical follow-up of ≥1 year. These patients were then categorized into subsequent and non-subsequent VCF groups based on fracture occurrence during follow-up. Body composition parameters at the L3 level and across L1-L5, along with paraspinal muscle indices and FI at L4/5, were assessed using automated CT analysis. Univariate and multivariate logistics were used to identify independent predictors of subsequent VCFs.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 96 patients were included, including 21 in the subsequent VCF group and 75 in the non-subsequent VCF group. Multivariate analysis revealed that higher multi-slice fat infiltration (FI) (odds ratio [OR] = 5.26, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.27–21.77, <em>P</em> = 0.02), lower L4/5 multifidus muscle index (MFMI) (OR = 6.32, 95 % CI: 1.61–24.83, <em>P</em> = 0.01), and a history of non-vertebral fractures (OR = 5.47, 95 % CI: 1.09–27.36, <em>P</em> = 0.04) were independent predictors of subsequent VCFs.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study demonstrates that systemic muscle quality (reflected by muscle FI) and local paraspinal muscle health (specifically MFMI) are independent risk factors for subsequent VCFs, alongside a history of other fractures. These findings underscore the importance of assessing muscle health in the management and prevention of recurrent VCFs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 112904"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive impairment: The missing link between sarcopenic obesity and functional decline","authors":"Esther Hesline Palandi ,&nbsp;Amândio de Araújo Sarmento ,&nbsp;Muhammad Iqbal Fajri ,&nbsp;Asep Setiawan ,&nbsp;Gilbert Rely ,&nbsp;Ardi Azhar Nampira ,&nbsp;Yurika ,&nbsp;Zeth Parinding ,&nbsp;Erfan Ramadhani","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.112895","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.112895","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 112895"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145083029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A health promotion behavior intervention for migrant older adults: a randomized controlled trial","authors":"Na Zhou,&nbsp;Hailu Wu,&nbsp;Tianle Xiang,&nbsp;Fang Li,&nbsp;Meijuan Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.112894","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.112894","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a Behavior Change Wheel (BCW)-based intervention on improving health promotion behaviors, aging perception, family care, and loneliness among migrant older adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This single-blind, randomized controlled trial included 61 migrant older adults (35 females ≥55 years, 26 males ≥60 years) from two community health centers in Huzhou, China. Participants were randomly assigned to the intervention group (<em>n</em> = 30), received a 12-week BCW-based health promotion program targeting capability, opportunity, and motivation via health education, community activities, and family support, or to the control group (<em>n</em> = 31) received routine community care. The outcomes were measured at baseline, week 6, and post-intervention using validated scales.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All participants (<em>n</em> = 61) completed the study. The intervention group showed significantly greater improvements in health promotion behaviors at week 6 (β = 7.99; 95 % CI: 5.86–10.13; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and post-intervention (β = 11.07; 95 % CI: 8.88–13.26; p &lt; 0.001). Similarly, the intervention group exhibited significantly reduced aging perception (β = −4.80; 95 % CI: [−8.10, −1.49]; <em>p</em> = 0.004) and loneliness (β = −2.92; 95 % CI: [−4.74, −1.11]; <em>p</em> = 0.002), along with enhanced family care (β = 1.75; 95 % CI: [0.76, 2.74]; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) at post-intervention. All sub-dimensions of health promotion behaviors improved significantly (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The BCW-based health promotion intervention effectively enhanced the well-being of migrant older adults by addressing their unique needs. The findings highlight the potential of tailored, multidimensional interventions to support this vulnerable population. Future research should explore long-term effects and cost effectiveness for broader implementation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 112894"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145082978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of exercise on gut microbiota in older people with sarcopenia: Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial","authors":"Yanqing Ren ,&nbsp;Haiyun Fang ,&nbsp;Yu Gao ,&nbsp;Gonghua Yin ,&nbsp;Xiangfeng He ,&nbsp;Nan Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.112898","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.112898","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Sarcopenia is an age-related disease imposing a substantial burden on individuals and healthcare systems. Resistance training (RT) is recommended as the primary non-pharmacological treatment, and Baduanjin (BDJ) has shown positive effects for sarcopenia. However, the mechanisms through which exercise improves sarcopenia remain unclear. Research has suggested that exercise may enhance sarcopenia through the gut–muscle axis. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the effects of BDJ-RT on the gut microbiota in older people with sarcopenia, identify potential target microbial taxa and explore related mechanisms.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this 12-week randomised, single-blind controlled trial, 30 older people with sarcopenia will be randomly assigned to the BDJ-RT group (<em>n</em> = 15) or control group (n = 15). The BDJ-RT group will undergo BDJ combined with RT, and the control group will receive health education. Muscle mass, strength, physical performance, quality of life, gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids will be assessed at baseline, post-intervention and follow-up. Potential target gut microbiota related to sarcopenia will be identified through metagenomic sequencing. The identified strains will then be gavaged to sarcopenic mice to evaluate their effects on sarcopenia. Data will be analysed using an intention-to-treat approach.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>This study will be the first to systematically investigate the effects of BDJ-RT on the gut microbiota in older people with sarcopenia. The findings will provide potential microbial targets and mechanistic insights into the gut–muscle axis underlying exercise-induced improvements in sarcopenia.</div></div><div><h3>Trial registration</h3><div>This study was registered on the International Traditional Medicine Clinical Trial Registry, with registration number ITMCTR2025000036.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 112898"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145077011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of early time-restricted eating on muscle damage-related biomarkers and anxiety in older men","authors":"Maha Gasmi ,&nbsp;Antonella Muscella ,&nbsp;Santo Marsigliante ,&nbsp;Kawther Missawi ,&nbsp;Riadh Khalifa","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.112896","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.112896","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the effects of early Time-Restricted Eating (eTRE) on body composition, biochemical markers of muscle damage, and anxiety levels in healthy elderly men. Thirty participants were randomly assigned to either an eTRE intervention group or a control group. The eTRE group consumed all daily caloric intake within an 8-h window (7:00 AM to 3:00 PM) for a period of two months, while the control group maintained their usual eating habits. Assessments were conducted at baseline (T0) and post-intervention (T1), including anthropometric measurements, blood biomarker analysis, and anxiety evaluation using the State-Trait Inventory for Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety (STICSA). Within-group analyses using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and paired <em>t</em>-test revealed significant improvements in weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat, and fat-free mass in the eTRE group (all <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01). Significant decreases were also found in muscle damage and inflammation markers, including CPK (<em>p</em> = 0.0067), AST (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001), CRP (<em>p</em> = 0.0011), and bilirubin (<em>p</em> = 0.044), indicating reduced physiological stress and improved liver function. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant time by group interactions for BMI (F₁,₂₈ = 4.453; <em>p</em> = 0.007), body fat (F₁,₂₈ = 3.059; <em>p</em> = 0.037), fat-free mass (F₁,₂₈ = 3.908; <em>p</em> = 0.014), uric acid (F₁,₂₈ = 4.947; <em>p</em> = 0.004), CRP (F₁,₂₈ = 2.853; <em>p</em> = 0.045), AST (F₁,₂₈ = 14.332; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), and STICSA scales (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). These interactions indicate that the observed changes were significantly more pronounced in the eTRE group compared to the control group. Mediation analyses revealed that biomarkers related to <strong>muscle recovery</strong> and <strong>metabolic regulation</strong> (such as <strong>LDH, ALT,</strong> and <strong>AST</strong>) significantly mediated the relationship between eTRE and <strong>anxiety reduction</strong>. These findings suggest that eTRE may be an effective dietary approach to improve body composition, reduce muscle stress and inflammation, and lower anxiety levels in elderly individuals. Future studies are needed to confirm these effects and explore their long-term sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 112896"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145077060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variations in oral performance and processing behaviours among older adults: Associations with gastric emptying, postprandial glucose and insulin responses","authors":"Dimitra Zannidi ,&nbsp;Lisa Methven ,&nbsp;Jayne V. Woodside ,&nbsp;Gerry McKenna ,&nbsp;Ciaran G. Forde ,&nbsp;Kim G. Jackson ,&nbsp;Amir Shafat ,&nbsp;Martin Schimmel ,&nbsp;Miriam Clegg","doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.112893","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exger.2025.112893","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Older adults often experience deterioration in oral health and oral-related abilities, with tooth loss, impaired masticatory performance, alterations to salivary flow and composition all being common. Additionally, other ageing-related physiological changes happen, including delayed gastric emptying and higher postprandial glycemic responses. The interaction between oral-related factors and metabolic responses has been researched in younger adults, but not in older age groups. This study aimed to explore oral performance measures (OPMs) and oral processing behaviours (OPBs) and their associations with gastric emptying (GE) and postprandial glucose and insulin responses in adults aged ≥65 years. Participants attended one visit after an overnight fast and were provided with a fixed-portion breakfast, which they were asked to consume in full. Eating behaviours were coded to quantify OPBs (including chewing and eating rate). OPMs (salivary flow rate, salivary alpha-amylase, bolus saliva uptake and masticatory performance) and questionnaire data were collected. Over three postprandial hours, GE was measured using labelled breath samples, and glucose and insulin responses were measured in capillary blood samples. Increased bolus salivary uptake was associated with greater masticatory performance, greater stimulated salivary flow rate and a slower eating rate. Greater masticatory performance was related to faster GE times. Faster eating rates and reduced chewing were associated with lower early postprandial glucose responses (up to peak glucose (45 min)); however, they were not associated with postprandial insulin responses or GE. This research highlights the significant, complex associations between oral performance, oral processing behaviours and postprandial metabolism in older adults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94003,"journal":{"name":"Experimental gerontology","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 112893"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145077017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}