Experimental and therapeutic medicine最新文献

{"title":"Post-mastectomy radiation therapy in Poland syndrome with left breast cancer: A case report.","authors":"Ryoji Tokiya, Naoki Ikeda, Yujirou Kawata, Keiji Matsuda, Shuji Yamashita, Naruto Taira, Takuya Moriya, Kuniaki Katsui","doi":"10.3892/etm.2026.13225","DOIUrl":"10.3892/etm.2026.13225","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Poland syndrome is a rare congenital malformation characterized by unilateral chest wall hypoplasia, ipsilateral hand abnormalities, and associations with several malignancies. The present study reports a case of a woman in her 60s with Poland syndrome who presented with infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the left breast and unilateral chest wall hypoplasia. The patient underwent mastectomy with reconstruction using a transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM) flap, followed by post-mastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT). PMRT after TRAM flap reconstruction was feasible, with acceptable lung and heart doses, no radiation pneumonitis and no local recurrence at 5.5 years of follow-up. This case makes a significant contribution to the literature by demonstrating successful PMRT following TRAM flap reconstruction in a patient with Poland syndrome and concurrent breast malignancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":94002,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and therapeutic medicine","volume":"32 2","pages":"230"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13365863/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148451125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NLRC3 in septic immunosuppression: Variation in expression and mechanisms of mediating immune cell dysfunction (Review).","authors":"Zhekang Peng, Shangwen Pan, Tianshu Liu, Gaosheng Zhou, Xingguang Qu, You Shang, Zhaohui Zhang","doi":"10.3892/etm.2026.13223","DOIUrl":"10.3892/etm.2026.13223","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sepsis is a life-threatening disease caused by a dysregulated host immune response to infection. In the acute phase of sepsis, patients tend to experience a hyperinflammatory state; however, in addition to facilitating the elimination of invading pathogens, this severe hyperinflammatory response can also lead to damage to the host. Thus, to maintain immune system homeostasis, counterregulatory immune responses, referred to as compensatory anti-inflammatory responses (CARs), are initiated. However, in the context of sepsis, the stabilization of the immune system cannot be sustained and protracted CARs can lead to an immunosuppressive state, which makes septic patients highly susceptible to secondary infection and high mortality. Various studies have indicated that the expression of NOD-like receptor (NLR) with a caspase activation and recruitment domain 3 (NLRC3), a member of the NLR family, tends to decrease several hours to days after the onset of infection but afterward increases over time and can mediate the dysfunction of immune effector cells in numerous ways, playing a crucial role in the development of septic immunosuppression. Therefore, this review summarized the expression variation of NLRC3 and the mechanisms through which it mediates immune cell dysfunction in different phases of sepsis, seeking to inspire future immune therapy for modulating septic host immune balance and reversing the immunosuppressive state, with a focus on NLRC3 as a target.</p>","PeriodicalId":94002,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and therapeutic medicine","volume":"32 2","pages":"228"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13365860/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148451098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Androgen rapidly activates phosphorylation signaling pathways in Sertoli cells.","authors":"Rui Sun, Ye Du, Lian Gao, Zhu Wang, Hui Liang, Ying Zhang, Qiong Deng","doi":"10.3892/etm.2026.13224","DOIUrl":"10.3892/etm.2026.13224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Androgen-activated phosphorylation signaling pathways are of critical importance during spermatogenesis. The present study comprehensively analyzed androgen-activated phosphorylation signaling pathways in testicular Sertoli cells. Primary cultured mouse Sertoli cells were treated with testosterone for varying durations. Using tandem mass tag-labeled phosphoproteomics technology combined with Mfuzz clustering and functional enrichment analysis, key phosphorylation signaling pathways were identified. Mass spectrometry revealed 13,015 quantifiable phosphorylation sites, and Mfuzz clustering of expression pattern categorized 330 proteins into 6 clusters. Functional enrichment analysis highlighted key pathways, including Rap1 and MAPK kinases. Inhibitor experiments confirmed that the disruption of phosphorylation signaling impaired the integrity of the blood-testis barrier. Collectively, these findings demonstrated that androgens rapidly activate the protein phosphorylation signaling network in Sertoli cells, regulating critical processes such as blood-testis barrier formation, thereby providing new insights into male fertility and potential therapeutic strategies for spermatogenic disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":94002,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and therapeutic medicine","volume":"32 2","pages":"229"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13365864/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148451056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ovarian toxic effects of micro- and nanoplastics (Review).","authors":"Shuoran Zhao, Weiting Yuan, Ping Li, Jieyong Yang","doi":"10.3892/etm.2026.13222","DOIUrl":"10.3892/etm.2026.13222","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPs) have become widespread contaminants with notable impacts on reproductive health. MNPs have been found in human specimens, including follicle fluid, causing concerns regarding their negative impact on female fertility. The present review aimed to comprehensively examine the ovarian deleterious impacts of MNPs, and to analyze their toxicological mechanisms, impact on folliculogenesis and oocyte quality, transgenerational effects and influencing factors. Previous evidence suggests that MNPs can trigger oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, disruption of endocrine function, programmed cell death, endoplasmic reticulum stress, membrane structural damage, epigenetic modifications and DNA lesions in the ovary, resulting in impaired folliculogenesis, disrupted steroidogenesis and reduced reproductive capacity. The present review emphasized the impact of the MNP polymer type, size and surface characteristics on ovarian reproductive toxicity, and highlights some knowledge gaps that require attention, providing a reference for deeper understanding and mitigation of MNPs-induced ovarian toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":94002,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and therapeutic medicine","volume":"32 2","pages":"227"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13365865/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148451064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Split-thickness skin grafting combined with a multi-anchor fixation technique for reconstruction of massive scrotal and penile skin avulsion: A case report.","authors":"Zhan Ouyang, Ping Qi, Yue Xing, Shenyou Shu","doi":"10.3892/etm.2026.13221","DOIUrl":"10.3892/etm.2026.13221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Isolated traumatic avulsion of the male external genitalia is a rare and surgically challenging. Reconstruction must restore both aesthetic and function, particularly given the substantial dimensional changes of penile skin during erection. To minimize long-term functional impairment and psychological morbidity, reconstruction should aim to restore normal anatomy and physiological compliance. The present study reported a case of massive left testicular, scrotal and penile skin avulsion, successfully managed using a split-thickness skin graft in combination with a novel multi-anchor fixation technique, resulting in optimal functional and cosmetic outcomes. A 39-year-old man sustained a severe perineal crush-avulsion injury after accidental entanglement in a conveyor belt. The injury resulted in complete avulsion of the penile skin, extensive scrotal skin loss, complete avulsion of the left testis and epididymis and exposure of the right testis, accompanied by active bleeding. The avulsed tissues were markedly fragmented and contaminated with machine oil. After thorough debridement of non-viable tissue, reconstruction was performed using a split-thickness skin graft harvested from the right anterolateral thigh. A novel multi-anchor fixation technique was used to secure the graft to key anatomical points on the tunica albuginea, thereby preventing graft redundancy, displacement and adhesion while preserving physiological compliance during erection. Follow-up at 6-12 months demonstrated complete wound healing, preserved penile morphology, normal erectile function and satisfactory sexual performance. In conclusion, split-thickness skin grafting combined with multi-anchor fixation can provide reliable coverage and restore penile morphology and function after severe penoscrotal degloving injury. This technique may be a useful reconstructive option for selected patients with extensive penile skin avulsion.</p>","PeriodicalId":94002,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and therapeutic medicine","volume":"32 2","pages":"226"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13365858/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148451041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spontaneous cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula with remote cerebellar hemorrhage: A case report.","authors":"Tianjun Bai, Jie Liu, Yuezhen Shen, Shulai Zhu, Yonghong Wang","doi":"10.3892/etm.2026.13220","DOIUrl":"10.3892/etm.2026.13220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula (CS-DAVF) is a rare vascular malformation that can lead to severe clinical symptoms, including ocular manifestations and intracranial hemorrhage. The current study reports a case of a spontaneous CS-DAVF complicated by remote cerebellar hemorrhage. A 52-year-old man presented with nausea, vomiting and decreased appetite, with a history of hypertension but no trauma. Initially misdiagnosed with conjunctivitis, the patient showed no clinical improvement after standard treatment. Physical examination and auxiliary tests showed conjunctival congestion of the left eye with impaired ocular abduction. A subacute cerebral hemorrhage in the left cerebellar hemisphere and a left CS fistula were identified via head magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiography. This diagnosis was confirmed by angiography, demonstrating a dural arteriovenous fistula in the CS region. Subsequently, the patient underwent DAVF interventional embolization on day 6 post-presentation. Postoperatively, the symptoms showed notable clinical improvement, with resolution of the left conjunctival edema and restoration of normal limb movements. This case highlights the potential complications and diagnostic challenges associated with DAVFs, providing valuable clinical insights and underscoring the critical role of imaging studies in the diagnostic process. Despite the inherent limitations in generalizability associated with a single-case study, this report provides critical clinical implications and meaningful reference for clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":94002,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and therapeutic medicine","volume":"32 2","pages":"225"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13320126/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148371520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic and prophylactic roles of oleuropein in experimental acute lung injury: Modulation of tumor necrosis factor-α and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 pathways.","authors":"Tibet Uğur Kurak, Leyla Bahar, Çelebi Çelik, Kansu Büyükafşar, Tuba Aydin, Mehmet Oğuz Köksel","doi":"10.3892/etm.2026.13219","DOIUrl":"10.3892/etm.2026.13219","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In total, 10.4% of patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure that are treated in intensive care units develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); this condition currently represents an incontrovertible health problem due to its high mortality rates, which have been reach ~40%. Following the rise in ARDS cases during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, awareness of this disease has notably increased, emphasizing the importance of its prevention, early diagnosis and treatment. Despite numerous studies on this disease, to the best of our knowledge, no effective treatment options for ARDS have been identified outside of supportive therapies. A total of 30 female Wistar Albino rats were used to establish an ARDS model in the present study. Acute lung injury was induced in rats by administering intravenous oleic acid (OA). Intraperitoneal oleuropein (OLE) prophylaxis and therapeutic administration were then performed in model rats to investigate the prophylactic and therapeutic benefits of OLE on lung injury. The extent of lung damage after different OLE treatments was evaluated biochemically, histopathologically and immunohistochemically. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that OA-induced lung damage was significantly reduced in the groups treated with OLE compared with the ARDS model group. In the prophylactic OLE group, the total damage score of rat lung tissue was significantly reduced compared with that in the OA group. This was also the case for rats in the therapeutic OLE group, but the total damage score of lung tissues in this group was slightly higher compared with that in the prophylactic group. Therefore, the present study demonstrated that OLE significantly alleviated lung damage in rats. Based on these findings, OLE may be considered a potential therapeutic agent for ARDS and therefore the findings of the present study may guide future research in this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":94002,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and therapeutic medicine","volume":"32 2","pages":"223"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13320063/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148371491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postbiotic metabolites from <i>Bifidobacterium adolescentis</i> alleviates doxorubicin-induced aging in canine vascular endothelial cells.","authors":"Hongchen Jin, Huasong Bai, Tong Liu, Hengyan Wang, Yunliang Li, Zhanzhong Wang","doi":"10.3892/etm.2026.13218","DOIUrl":"10.3892/etm.2026.13218","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular aging represents the initial stage of systemic bodily aging. Endothelial cell (EC) senescence serves a key role in vascular aging. However, therapeutic strategies targeting ECs senescence remain insufficiently explored. The present study aimed to assess the anti-aging effects of metabolites derived from brown algae extract fermented by <i>Bifidobacterium adolescentis</i> Life Age 20-k9 (LA20k9) based on a canine vascular endothelial cell (CVEC) model and elucidate its underlying cellular mechanisms. Results showed that LA20k9 was able to promote the proliferation of CVECs. LA20k9 also significantly reduced aging-related β-galactosidase activity, which decreased by 30% compared with the doxorubicin-induced aging group. LA20k9 treatment exerted anti-aging effects and improved vascular health, as evidenced by decreased levels of MMPs (including MMP-1 and MMP-3) and increased VEGF and basic fibroblast growth factor contents. LA20k9 treatment significantly reduced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in CVECs, as evidenced by decreased levels of inflammatory factors and malondialdehyde and increased NAD⁺, superoxide dismutase and glutathione content. Mechanistically, LA20k9 activated the cell cycle system, cAMP signaling pathway and retinol metabolism whilst inhibiting cellular senescence, oxidative damage and inflammatory responses that ameliorate vascular aging. Collectively, these findings identified LA20k9 as a promising metabolite that can be used in a postbiotic strategy to counteract vascular aging and promote healthy longevity.</p>","PeriodicalId":94002,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and therapeutic medicine","volume":"32 2","pages":"224"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13320194/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148371473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recovery from severe adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy after prolonged intensive care in a patient with uterine leiomyosarcoma: A case report.","authors":"Kohei Tamura, Yuji Takei, Takahiro Koyanagi, Yumi Shirasu, Masahiro Taguchi, Eri Suizu, Kazuki Yamamoto, Miki Shinohara, Yoshifumi Takahashi, Akiyo Taneichi, Yasushi Saga, Hiroyuki Fujiwara","doi":"10.3892/etm.2026.13217","DOIUrl":"10.3892/etm.2026.13217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adriamycin (ADM) is an anthracycline widely used to treat various malignancies, including uterine leiomyosarcoma; however, cumulative dose-dependent cardiotoxicity can lead to life-threatening cardiomyopathy. Although ADM-induced cardiomyopathy has long been considered irreversible, it has been suggested that early treatment and intensive care may allow recovery in relatively mild-to-moderate heart failure (HF). By contrast, recovery of cardiac function in patients with extremely severe ADM-induced cardiomyopathy, particularly those with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of <20% complicated by cardiogenic shock and multiorgan dysfunction requiring prolonged intensive care, is rare. The present study describes a case of severe ADM-induced cardiomyopathy following adjuvant chemotherapy for uterine leiomyosarcoma, highlighting the unexpected recovery observed after prolonged intensive care and stepwise HF management. A 40-year-old woman underwent surgical resection of a uterine leiomyosarcoma, followed by adjuvant ADM chemotherapy (cumulative dose, 450 mg/m²). A total of 3 months after completing chemotherapy, the patient developed progressive dyspnea and fatigue, which was initially attributed to a common cold, and then presented with acute HF. When the patient visited the emergency department, echocardiography confirmed severe systolic dysfunction with an LVEF of 15%. Prolonged intensive care with advanced pharmacological and supportive therapies, including multiple cardiotonic drugs, vasopressors and cardioprotective medications, was required. Despite escalation of care, their condition deteriorated to cardiogenic shock with multiorgan dysfunction, prompting a do-not-resuscitate order. However, through sustained intensive management over several months, cardiac function gradually improved. Inotropic support was systematically withdrawn and the patient was transitioned to oral HF medications. After ~5 months of hospitalization, the patient was discharged. At the 6-month follow-up, their LVEF recovered to 57% and the patient returned to normal life. In conclusion, extremely severe ADM-induced cardiomyopathy may be reversible; this case highlights the potential for recovery despite multiple unfavorable prognostic factors under extended, intensive HF management.</p>","PeriodicalId":94002,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and therapeutic medicine","volume":"32 2","pages":"222"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13319968/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148371510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role and mechanism of quercetin via the TLR4/MyD88/IRAK4 signaling pathway in the treatment of allergic rhinitis.","authors":"Chenglin Kang, Jiangqi Liu, Shuqi Qiu, Xudong Wei","doi":"10.3892/etm.2026.13215","DOIUrl":"10.3892/etm.2026.13215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although quercetin has anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory properties, its role in allergic rhinitis (AR) and its potential molecular mechanism, especially whether it acts through the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88)/interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) signaling pathway, is currently unclear. Therefore, an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AR mouse model was established to investigate whether quercetin can treat AR by regulating the TLR4/MyD88/IRAK4 signaling pathway. OVA and aluminum hydroxide were injected intraperitoneally for sensitization, and OVA was dripped into the nose to establish a mouse model of AR. The mice were scored on behaviors such as scratching, sneezing and a runny nose to assess the success of the modeling. The treatment groups were given the relevant drugs (dexamethasone and quercetin) by gavage for 1 week after successful modeling. Following the completion of treatment, the serum OVA-IgE, IL-4, IL-13, IL-1β, IL-17 and IL-10 levels were measured; changes in the nasal mucosa were observed; protein and mRNA expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, IRAK4 and NF-κB in lung tissue were determined; and changes in the percentages of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and T helper 17 (Th17) cells in the spleen were assessed. The results showed that compared with the normal control (NC) group, the allergic symptom scores were >10 points, and the serum levels of OVA-IgE, IL-4, IL-13, IL-1β and IL-17 increased, whereas the serum level of IL-10 decreased in the OVA group. Detachment and necrosis of the nasal mucosa, accompanied by tissue edema and inflammatory cell infiltration, were observed in the OVA group. Compared with the NC group, the relative expression mRNA and protein levels of TLR4, MyD88, IRAK4 and NF-κB in lung tissues increased, the percentage of Tregs decreased and the percentage of Th17 cells increased in splenocytes of the OVA group. Based on these results, it was hypothesized that quercetin inhibits inflammatory responses and induces immune tolerance by regulating the TLR4/MyD88/IRAK4 signaling pathway in a mouse model of AR.</p>","PeriodicalId":94002,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and therapeutic medicine","volume":"32 2","pages":"219"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13320216/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148371547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}