Experimental and therapeutic medicine最新文献

{"title":"Ultrasonography and a novel combined prediction model for anticipating hypoxemia during painless gastroscopy.","authors":"Yu Zhang, Lu Liu, Jun Liu, Jianqiao Xue, Ajun Wang, Dongxiao Huang, Fenglin Dong","doi":"10.3892/etm.2026.13213","DOIUrl":"10.3892/etm.2026.13213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the years, the application of ultrasound as a non-invasive diagnostic tool has become increasingly widespread in clinical practice. Additionally, the incidence of hypoxemia is relatively high among patients undergoing painless gastroscopy. The primary objective of the present study was to predict the occurrence of hypoxemia in painless gastroscopy by measuring the anatomical parameters of the upper respiratory tract using ultrasound. The present single-center, prospective, observational study included 218 patients. Before anesthesia, basic information (age, sex, BMI) was collected. Preanesthetic ultrasound examined upper airway parameters, including distance from the skin to the hyoid bone (DSH), distance from the skin to the epiglottis (DSE), distance from the skin to the anterior commissure of the vocal cords (DSAC), tongue thickness (TT), hyoid-mental distance (HMD) and anterior condylar translation (ACT). Binary logistic regression was applied to identify independent predictors, and the predictive performance of each variable and a combined model was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration analysis and decision curve analysis (DCA). A total of 218 patients were analyzed in the present study. A binary logistic regression model identified BMI, DSH, DSE, DSAC, TT and ACT as the independent indicators associated with hypoxemia in painless gastroscopy. A novel combined predictive model equation was derived: logit(P)=1.053 x BMI + 1.363 x DSH + 1.658 x DSE + 1.839 x DSAC + 1.075 x TT-0.894 x ACT. The model demonstrated excellent discrimination with an AUC of 0.989, 95% CI: 0.979-0.999, significantly outperforming individual predictors (AUC range: 0.775-0.879). Calibration curves confirmed good agreement between predicted and observed risk, and DCA indicated clinical utility of the model. In conclusion, BMI, DSH, DSE, DSAC, TT, ACT and the novel combined predictive model incorporating aforementioned parameters are potentially valuable predictors fort the occurrence of hypoxemia in painless gastroscopy. This study was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (trial registration no. ChiCTR2500109627; registered on 23 September 2025).</p>","PeriodicalId":94002,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and therapeutic medicine","volume":"32 2","pages":"218"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13320201/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148371522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the comorbidity hub: WT1 drives renal cancer progression in chronic kidney disease and confers sirolimus vulnerability.","authors":"Wei Zhang, Peng Tang, Shuyan Wu, Ziqi Sui","doi":"10.3892/etm.2026.13214","DOIUrl":"10.3892/etm.2026.13214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is epidemiologically linked to renal cell carcinoma (RCC); however, the biological mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. In the present study, a meta-analysis confirmed CKD as a significant risk factor for incident RCC (pooled odds ratio, 2.55; 95% confidence interval, 1.80-3.59; P<0.00001), with a marked heterogeneity (I²=97%) that was largely explained by geography as North American studies showed stronger effects than East Asian studies (P=0.01). Integrating The Cancer Genome Atlas, Gene Expression Omnibus and immunogenic cell death-related genes, 17 CKD-associated genes (CKDGs) were found to be dysregulated in both RCC and CKD. Functional analyses implicated these genes in kinase signaling (MAPK/PI3K-Akt) and epithelial proliferation. Re-analysis of publicly available single-cell RNA-sequencing data revealed that CKDGs were enriched in tumor-infiltrating T cells, where high CKDG activity was correlated with enhanced cytotoxicity, reduced exhaustion and active ligand-receptor crosstalk. Unsupervised clustering of bulk tumor data defined two CKDG-based subtypes; the immune-rich Cluster 2 showed elevated checkpoint expression (programmed cell death protein 1, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 and lymphocyte-activation gene 3) and higher tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion scores, suggesting potential responsiveness to immunotherapy despite a poorer survival. From the CKDGs, an 8-gene prognostic signature that stratified patients by survival was built (P<0.0001). Phenome-wide association study singled out Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) as the only CKDG significantly associated with kidney cancer (P=0.039). Computational screening prioritized sirolimus as a high-affinity WT1 binder (ΔG= -122.89 kJ/mol). <i>In vitro</i>, sirolimus (IC₅₀=15.09 µg/ml) dose-dependently suppressed UOK276 cell proliferation and invasion as well as induced apoptosis. Collectively, the present study identified WT1 as a molecular nexus in RCC-CKD comorbidity and provided mechanistic rationale for repurposing sirolimus in this context.</p>","PeriodicalId":94002,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and therapeutic medicine","volume":"32 2","pages":"220"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13319966/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148370544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cold agglutination as a pivotal diagnostic clue for Waldenström macroglobulinemia: A rare case report with diagnostic and therapeutic insights.","authors":"Wei Zhang, Yongwu Xia, Zihua Yang, Liubing Zhang, Xiaoxin Jiang, Ting Cai, Pinghong Ming","doi":"10.3892/etm.2026.13212","DOIUrl":"10.3892/etm.2026.13212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is a rare indolent B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by bone marrow infiltration and monoclonal immunoglobulin M (IgM) secretion, which poses diagnostic challenges in the early stage. The present study reported on a 63-year-old male with WM presenting with cough, hyperviscosity syndrome (dizziness, weakness, fatigue, blurred vision), severe anemia and cold agglutination in August 2023. After 37˚C incubation to eliminate cold agglutination interference, laboratory tests confirmed severe anemia (hemoglobin, 54 g/l), hyperglobulinemia (globulin, 92 g/l) and markedly elevated serum IgM (83.6 g/l). Peripheral blood smear showed erythrocyte rouleaux formation and plasmacytoid lymphocytes. Bone marrow biopsy revealed 80% infiltration of B-lymphomatous cells, 10% abnormal plasma cells and only 10% residual normal hematopoietic cells. Serum/urine immunoelectrophoresis identified IgM-λ paraprotein and free λ light chains. Bone marrow flow cytometry detected a prominent abnormally mature B-lymphocyte population (72.2% of lymphocytes) positive for CD19, CD20 and cytoplasmic λ (cλ); partially positive for CD23, CD25 and CD27; and negative for CD5, CD10 and CD103. Abnormal plasma cells (0.3% of nucleated cells) showed cλ restriction; strong expression of CD38, CD138 and CD19; partial expression of CD20 and CD27; and absence of CD5, CD10 and CD56. Genetic testing confirmed the MYD88 innate immune signal transduction adaptor (MYD88) L265P mutation positivity via allele-specific PCR and 14q32/11q13 translocation negativity using fluorescence <i>in vitro</i> hybridization, confirming the diagnosis of WM. The patient received therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) followed by bortezomib-dexamethasone chemotherapy, resulting in resolved cold agglutination, alleviated hyperviscosity syndrome and improved laboratory indicators. Follow-up was performed immediately after discharge; however, it was terminated after 1 month (November 2023) due to re-admission for pulmonary infection. In conclusion, cold agglutination is a pivotal diagnostic clue for WM; combined immunophenotyping and MYD88 L265P detection enables definitive diagnosis, and early TPE plus chemotherapy effectively ameliorates clinical manifestations.</p>","PeriodicalId":94002,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and therapeutic medicine","volume":"32 2","pages":"217"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13320589/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148371455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sequential fulminant hepatitis and toxic epidermal necrolysis induced by tislelizumab: A case report.","authors":"Zhuo Wang, Chao Li, Lili Yue","doi":"10.3892/etm.2026.13209","DOIUrl":"10.3892/etm.2026.13209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)-monoclonal antibodies that block inhibitory pathways such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/PD-1 ligand to restore T-cell antitumor activity-are increasingly used in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. These agents are associated with severe multisystem immune-related adverse events (irAEs). The present study reported the first case of sequential grade 4 hepatotoxicity and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) induced by the anti-PD-1 antibody tislelizumab. A 70-year-old female patient with advanced lung squamous cell carcinoma developed acute severe mixed liver injury (alanine aminotransferase, 1,741.6 U/l) followed by extensive TEN shortly after initiation of tislelizumab combined with chemotherapy. The toxicities were refractory to conventional hepatoprotective and antihistamine therapies but responded to high-dose corticosteroids combined with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), leading to full recovery. This case highlights that PD-1 inhibitors can induce rare yet life-threatening overlapping irAEs. Clinicians should maintain heightened vigilance for such severe toxicities, particularly in elderly patients receiving combination immunotherapy, and promptly initiate multidisciplinary management including corticosteroids and IVIG.</p>","PeriodicalId":94002,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and therapeutic medicine","volume":"32 2","pages":"214"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13320583/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148371471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study of 25-(OH)D₃ levels in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus and its influencing factors.","authors":"Xiaojuan Chen, Xitian Fan, Jinshu Wei, Jianing Xie, Xiaoya Yu, Guoquan Fan, Jingjing Wei","doi":"10.3892/etm.2026.13208","DOIUrl":"10.3892/etm.2026.13208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study aimed to assess 25-(OH)D₃ levels, their influencing factors and their association in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The medical records of children with T1DM were retrospectively collected from the Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Shanxi Children's Hospital (Taiyuan, China), between January 2017 and December 2023, and designated as the T1DM group. The data of healthy children who underwent physical examinations as outpatients during the same period were collected and designated as the control group. Differences in 25-(OH)D₃ levels and the proportions of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency between the two groups and among the subgroups [defined by age, sex, disease history, presence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)/diabetic ketosis (DK), infection, and admission quarter] were analyzed, and the influencing factors were explored. The 25-(OH)D₃ levels in the T1DM group and its various subgroups (classified by age, sex, and residence) were lower than those in the control group and the corresponding subgroups, whereas the proportions of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were higher. The 25-(OH)D₃ level was negatively correlated with age. The 25(OH)D₃ levels and the proportions of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were significantly different among the T1DM subgroups, which were divided according to age, sex, whether newly diagnosed or complicated with DKA/DK or infection, and admission quarter Age, admission quarter, duration of disease, sex, place of residence and HbA₁C levels were identified as statistically significant factors affecting 25-(OH)D₃ levels. In conclusion, insufficiency or deficiency of vitamin D during childhood may be an important factor in the occurrence of T1DM and its complications. The 25-(OH)D₃ levels in the body are affected by several factors. Timely diagnosis and treatment of vitamin D deficiency in children may be helpful. However, due to the retrospective observational design of the present study and the absence of data on key confounders, prospective studies with standardized covariate collection are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":94002,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and therapeutic medicine","volume":"32 2","pages":"213"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13288627/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148321417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Ginkgo biloba</i> extract 50 dropping pills improve vascular cognitive impairment through anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects.","authors":"Fu-Ling Wang, Wen-Lan Li, Hong Li","doi":"10.3892/etm.2026.13210","DOIUrl":"10.3892/etm.2026.13210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of the present study was to investigate the improvement effect of <i>Ginkgo biloba</i> extract 50 dropping pill (GBE50DP) on vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) induced by cerebral ischemia and its mechanism. The VCI rat model was established by 2-vessel occlusion and randomly divided into the control, model, positive and GBE50DP administration groups. The administration groups were then administered GBE50DP intragastrically for 8 weeks. The social behavior and ability of learning and memory of each group were tested through the Morris water maze and eight-arm maze experiment. The content of oxidative stress and inflammatory factors in the hippocampus of rats were detected using ELISA. Hematoxylin & eosin staining and Terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling staining were used to observe the morphological changes of nerve cells in the hippocampal CA1 region of rats. The expression of Caspase-3, Bcl-2, Bax, cytochrome <i>c</i> (Cyto-C), fibroblast-associated antigen (Fas) and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) proteins in the hippocampal CA1 region of rats was detected by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. The blood components of GBE50DP were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The model rats showed significant cognitive impairment; compared with the model group, in the GBE50DP administration groups, the social behavior of rats was markedly improved; the content of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase in the hippocampus was markedly increased and that of malondialdehyde, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α was significantly decreased. The pathological changes and expression of Cyto-C, Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, Fas and PARP-1 proteins in brain tissue were markedly improved. The index components of GBE50DP in blood included ginkgolide A, B, C and K and bilobalide, as well as flavonoids such as rutin and quercetin. In conclusion, GBE50DP improved the social behavior, ability of learning and memory in VCI rats, decreased nerve cell damage and protected nerve cells from apoptosis by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, thereby improving cognitive dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":94002,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and therapeutic medicine","volume":"32 2","pages":"215"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13320591/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148371488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of the extract from rhizomes of <i>Belamcanda chinensis</i> (L.) DC. on human keratinocyte HaCaT cells.","authors":"Sang Eun Ha, Hun Hwan Kim, Se Hyo Jeong, Gon Sup Kim, Kwang Hyun Hwang","doi":"10.3892/etm.2026.13206","DOIUrl":"10.3892/etm.2026.13206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic oxidative stress and inflammation play critical roles in the development of various skin disorders, and plant-derived polyphenols have attracted considerable attention as potential therapeutic agents due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of <i>Belamcanda chinensis</i> (L.) DC. (BC) rhizome extract on human skin keratinocytes were investigated. The chemical constituents of the BC extract were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, which identified five major polyphenolic compounds. The antioxidant capacity of the extract was evaluated using ultrafiltration-liquid chromatography targeting 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals. In lipopolysaccharide-stimulated HaCaT keratinocytes, BC extract significantly reduced the expression of inflammatory mediators, including cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase and modulated the signal transducers and activators of transcription 3/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Furthermore, molecular docking analysis revealed strong binding affinities between NF-κB and the five identified polyphenols (tectoridin, iridin, genistein, tectorigenin and irisflorentin), supporting their potential biological relevance. In conclusion, the present findings demonstrated that BC extract exerts notable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects through polyphenol-mediated modulation of NF-κB signaling, providing a scientific basis for its potential use in anti-inflammatory drug development.</p>","PeriodicalId":94002,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and therapeutic medicine","volume":"32 2","pages":"211"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13284686/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148310932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes of transanal total mesorectal excision with ultra-low anterior resection: A single institute propensity-matched cohort study.","authors":"Pushkar Prasad Kute, Shiki Fujino, Suellyn Centauri, Ellathios Antoniou, Krishanth Naidu, Asiri Arachchi, Vignesh Narasimhan, Thomas Surya Suhardja, Yeng Kwang Tay, James Lim, Chaminda Saranasuriya, Thang Chien Nguyen, William Teoh, Hanumant Chouhan","doi":"10.3892/etm.2026.13207","DOIUrl":"10.3892/etm.2026.13207","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ultra-low anterior resection (ULAR) and total mesorectal excision (TME) are sphincter-preserving treatments for low rectal cancer. However, these techniques face challenges in patients with a narrow pelvis, particularly those with a high BMI. Transanal TME (TaTME) was introduced as a promising treatment approach, but outcomes have varied, leading to some controversy. The present study compared the mid-term oncological and postoperative outcomes, with a median follow-up time of 3.8 years, in patients who underwent TaTME with ULAR (TaTME cohort) or ULAR alone (ULAR cohort). A propensity-matched cohort of 78 patients (TaTME, n=19; ULAR, n=59) was analysed using descriptive statistics, Cox proportional hazard models and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses. Outcomes included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival and surgical complications. The TaTME group exhibited a longer operative time (554 vs. 322 min; P=0.002) but no conversions to open surgery compared with 4 patients in the ULAR group. No cases of positive circumferential resection margins or anastomotic leakage were observed in the TaTME group. The rate of postoperative sexual dysfunction appeared higher in the TaTME group (3/16 vs. 1/58; P=0.043); however, the absolute number of cases was small and this finding should be interpreted with caution. No other postoperative complications, including anastomotic leak, sepsis or ileus, differed significantly between groups. There was no significant difference in the 3-year PFS rate between the TaTME and ULAR groups (88 vs. 70%; P=0.080) nor in the disease-free survival rate (88 vs. 80%; P=0.259). The TaTME cohort also demonstrated lower risks of recurrence and mortality, although these were not statistically significant. Therefore, TaTME with ULAR appears feasible for patients with low rectal cancer and high BMI, with encouraging surgical outcomes. However, due to the limited sample size and absence of stage IV patients in the TaTME group, more multicentre studies are required to validate long-term efficacy and generalisability.</p>","PeriodicalId":94002,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and therapeutic medicine","volume":"32 2","pages":"212"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13284687/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148310998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune-related nephritis, ureteritis and cystitis secondary to immune checkpoint inhibitors: A case report and review of the literature.","authors":"Guangquan Zhang, Silu Xu, Jing Wu, Qianqian Gao, Yanzhi Bi, Min Xiao","doi":"10.3892/etm.2026.13205","DOIUrl":"10.3892/etm.2026.13205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have beneficially impacted cancer therapy but are frequently associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs), most commonly affecting the skin and gastrointestinal system. By contrast, genitourinary toxicities are rare and often underrecognized. The present case report outlines a 62-year-old male with metastatic colorectal cancer who developed pan-urinary tract irAEs (concurrent immune-related nephritis, ureteritis and cystitis) after exposure to three distinct classes of ICIs. The patient initially experienced pollakiuria, urinary urgency, dysuria and hematuria, which worsened after switching to cadonilimab and adebrelimab. This deterioration coincided with rising serum creatinine levels and lack of improvement with antibacterial treatment. Urinalysis revealed leukocyturia and hematuria, while imaging demonstrated bilateral hydroureteronephrosis and diffuse bladder wall thickening. A multidisciplinary evaluation led to the diagnosis of ICI-induced pan-urinary tract irAEs. Both urinary symptoms and renal function resolved rapidly after halting immunotherapy and starting glucocorticoid treatment, with no recurrence during follow-up. In addition, a comprehensive review of reported cases was conducted to characterize this rare irAE presentation and further propose both diagnostic criteria and management strategies to facilitate early detection and effective treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":94002,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and therapeutic medicine","volume":"32 2","pages":"210"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13284685/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148311006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epithelioid fibrous histiocytoma of eyelid in children: A case report.","authors":"Zheng Sun, Zhaoxia Zhai, Yutian Li, Peiyan Shi, Wei Cheng, Jinling Ge, Yanfei Li","doi":"10.3892/etm.2026.13203","DOIUrl":"10.3892/etm.2026.13203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 7-year-old male patient presented to Jinan Mingshui Eye Hospital (Jinan, China) in June 2025 with a 3-month history of a progressively enlarging mass on the right upper eyelid. The lesion was asymptomatic, with no associated pain, redness or discharge. Physical examination revealed a well-defined, smooth, yellow-red, round mass measuring ~6x5x5 mm at the medial canthus of the right upper eyelid, adjacent to the upper lacrimal punctum. Under general anesthesia, the tumor was completely excised in June 2025. Histopathological examination showed squamous epithelium overlying proliferations of small spindle cells, mitotic figures and scattered Touton-like giant cells. Immunohistochemistry revealed positive staining for CD68, CD163, S-100, CD1a, CD10 and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), with a Ki-67 proliferation index of ~10%. A diagnosis of ALK-positive epithelioid fibrous histiocytoma (EFH) was established. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, with no recurrence observed during a 6-month follow-up period. This case highlights an unusual presentation of EFH in a pediatric eyelid, where a rare tumor that occurred in the eyelid of a 7-year-old child was accurately diagnosed through a set of immunohistochemical panels containing tissue cell markers (CD68 and CD163), melanoma cell markers (S-100), dendritic cell markers (CD1a), mesenchymal cell markers (CD10) and ALK.</p>","PeriodicalId":94002,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and therapeutic medicine","volume":"32 2","pages":"208"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13284601/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148311003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}