European heart journal open最新文献

{"title":"Baseline characteristics and 1-year outcome by left ventricular function in the CABG PREFERS.","authors":"Ulrika Löfström, Cecilia Linde, Maria J Eriksson, Eva Maret, Matthias Corbascio, Mattias Ekström, Patrik Lyngå, Håkan Wallén, Bengt Persson, Hans Persson, Camilla Hage","doi":"10.1093/ehjopen/oeaf014","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ehjopen/oeaf014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>The aim of this study is to describe patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery by left ventricular (LV) function at baseline and 1-year follow-up.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>In the single-centre CABG PREFERS cohort prospective study, we classified patients planned for elective CABG by LV function assessed by echocardiography and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) into three phenotype groups: preserved ejection fraction (EF; pEF), reduced EF (rEF), and normal, irrespective of signs or symptoms of heart failure (HF). At baseline and 1-year follow-up, electrocardiogram, echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, laboratory tests, and quality of life were assessed. Sixty-one of a total of 136 patients (45%) had systolic and/or diastolic LV dysfunction (25% pEF, 20% rEF, and the rest 55% none: the normal group). Median EF was 59% (pEF), 40% (rEF), and 59% (normal). Most patients had multivessel coronary artery disease without left main stem stenosis (60%). At 1-year follow-up, some improvements in echo parameters were seen in pEF and rEF. But in the normal group compared to baseline, there were deteriorations in the following: E/é: 7.8-8.9, <i>P</i> < 0.001; NT-proBNP 150-182 ng/L, <i>P</i> = 0.015; and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 82.5-78.9 mL/min/1.73 m², <i>P</i> = 0.003. During a median follow-up time of 2.9 years, eight patients (5.8%) died and eight (5.8%) were hospitalized for HF.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In patients undergoing elective CABG, signs of LV dysfunction were common and found in 45%. Patients with normal LV function showed signs of worsening systolic and diastolic LV function, eGFR, and NT-pro-BNP at 1-year follow-up.</p><p><strong>Registration: </strong>Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT03671122.</p>","PeriodicalId":93995,"journal":{"name":"European heart journal open","volume":"5 2","pages":"oeaf014"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11962374/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143775089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulmonary haemodynamics by echocardiography over 3 days of acclimatization in lowlanders with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease travelling to 3100 m of high altitude.","authors":"Konstantinos Bitos, Julian Müller, Adilet Omuralieva, Simon R Schneider, Mona Lichtblau, Stéphanie Saxer, Felix C Tanner, Michael Furian, Maamed Mademilov, Talant Sooronbaev, Konrad E Bloch, Silvia Ulrich","doi":"10.1093/ehjopen/oeaf017","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ehjopen/oeaf017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease experience an increase in systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP) when exposed to high altitude with an unclear acclimatization. We investigated the effects of acute ascent to 3100 m on pulmonary haemodynamics of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and their acclimatization during a 3-day stay at high altitude.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>In this prospective, interventional study, stable, normocapnic patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, with FEV₁ 40-80%predicted and SpO₂ ≥ 92%, residing at low altitude and staying for 3 days/nights at 3100 m without adverse events, were included. Echocardiography was performed at 760 m, directly after arrival at 3100 m (HA1) and the two following days (HA2/HA3). The primary outcome was the change in sPAP at different time points. Additionally, cardiac output (CO), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), and other echocardiographic parameters were measured. Thirty-eight patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (37% females), aged (mean ± SD) 55 ± 10years, with FEV₁ 63 ± 12%predicted, were included. After acute ascent to 3100 m vs. 760 m, sPAP increased by 12 mmHg [95% confidence interval (CI): 9-15, <i>P</i> < 0.001], total pulmonary resistance (sPAP/CO) increased by 2 WU (1-3, <i>P</i> = 0.001), and TAPSE/sPAP decreased by -0.6 mm/mmHg (-0.9 to -0.2, <i>P</i> = 0.002). Right atrial pressure and CO were unchanged. At HA3 compared to HA1, sPAP decreased by -4 mmHg (-7 to -1, <i>P</i> = 0.008); no significant changes in further echocardiographic parameters were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In stable patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease travelling to and staying at 3100 m for 3 days/nights without adverse events, sPAP initially increased, along with an increased pulmonary resistance and a reduced right ventricular-arterial coupling reflected by a lower TAPSE/sPAP. Whereas sPAP steadily decreased during acclimatization, other echocardiographic parameters remained unchanged.</p>","PeriodicalId":93995,"journal":{"name":"European heart journal open","volume":"5 2","pages":"oeaf017"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11935530/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143712325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remnant cholesterol concentrations best explain the cardiovascular benefit of APOC3 genetic inhibition: a drug target Mendelian randomization study.","authors":"Eloi Gagnon, Dipender Gill, Stephen Burgess, Benoit J Arsenault","doi":"10.1093/ehjopen/oeaf018","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ehjopen/oeaf018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Apolipoprotein C-III (APOC3) inhibitors are approved for hypertriglyceridaemia. Genetic evidence suggests that APOC3 inhibition may also prevent coronary artery disease (CAD), but mechanisms remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>To clarify how APOC3 inhibition could prevent CAD, we performed two-step cis-Mendelian randomization using genetic variants in the <i>APOC3</i> gene region associated with plasma levels of APOC3. For comparison, we investigated proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9). Potential mediators included apolipoprotein B, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, and remnant cholesterol measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in mostly fasting samples from Karjalainen et al., and in non-fasting samples from the UK Biobank. CAD data were from CARDIoGRAMplusC4D. APOC3 associations with apolipoprotein B and remnant cholesterol levels were two-fold larger in the study by Karjalainen et al. (55% fasted individuals) when compared with the UK Biobank study (non-fasted individuals). Genetically predicted lower APOC3 and PCSK9 levels were similarly associated with reduced CAD risk (OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.75-0.92, <i>P</i> = 4.6e-04 and 0.76, 95% CI = 0.73-0.80, <i>P</i> = 1.6e-31, respectively). In the two-step cis-Mendelian randomization analysis, the association between genetically predicted APOC3 and CAD was attenuated to null when adjusting for apolipoprotein B, triglycerides, or remnant cholesterol. Multivariable Mendelian randomization using genome-wide variants showed that remnant cholesterol, not triglycerides, was conditionally associated with CAD risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Remnant cholesterol best explains the mechanism through which APOC3 inhibition could prevent CAD. APOC3 inhibition may influence fasting remnant cholesterol to a greater extent than non-fasting remnant cholesterol. People with high levels of remnant cholesterol could benefit from APOC3 inhibition.</p>","PeriodicalId":93995,"journal":{"name":"European heart journal open","volume":"5 2","pages":"oeaf018"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11951255/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143756809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intervention, improved prevention, imaging, inflammation, and innovation: the five I's cardiovascular highlights in <i>EHJ Open</i> 2024.","authors":"Magnus Bäck, Maciej Banach, Frieder Braunschweig, Salvatore De Rosa, Frank A Flachskampf, Thomas Kahan, Daniel F J Ketelhuth, Patrizio Lancellotti, Susanna C Larsson, Linda Mellbin, Gianluigi Savarese, Annette Schophuus Jensen, Karolina Szummer, Denis Wahl","doi":"10.1093/ehjopen/oeaf015","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ehjopen/oeaf015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93995,"journal":{"name":"European heart journal open","volume":"5 1","pages":"oeaf015"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11878772/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143560373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The 2024 European Society of Cardiology guidelines for chronic coronary syndromes: good news for angina and non-obstructive coronary artery (ANOCA)/ischaemia and non-obstructive coronary artery (INOCA) patients?","authors":"Carolyn M Webb, Maria George, Peter Collins","doi":"10.1093/ehjopen/oeaf016","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ehjopen/oeaf016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93995,"journal":{"name":"European heart journal open","volume":"5 2","pages":"oeaf016"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11904780/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143627153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"15-Year trends, predictors, and outcomes of heart failure hospitalization complicating first acute myocardial infarction in the modern percutaneous coronary intervention era.","authors":"Muhammad Rashid, Dmitry Abramov, Muhammad Usman Naseer, Harriette G C Van Spall, Fozia Z Ahmed, Claire Lawson, Mohamed Dafaalla, Evangelos Kontopantelis, Mohamed O Mohamed, Mark C Petrie, Mamas A Mamas","doi":"10.1093/ehjopen/oeaf013","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ehjopen/oeaf013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Heart failure (HF) following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a global health concern, but data on risk factors associated with HF hospitalization post-AMI are limited.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>We analysed data from the Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project, including patients admitted with AMI from 1 January 2006 to 31 March 2019. Data linkage with Hospital Episode Statistics Admitted Patient Care and the Office for National Statistics facilitated a longitudinal analysis. High-risk patients were identified using dapagliflozin in patients without diabetes mellitus with acute myocardial infarction (DAPA-MI) and EMPAgliflozin on Hospitalization for Heart Failure and Mortality in Patients With aCuTe Myocardial Infarction (EMPACT-MI) criteria. We assessed clinical outcomes, adherence to European Society of Cardiology quality indicators, and predictors of HF-related hospitalizations. Out of 1 046 480 AMI patients, 9.1% overall, 17.2% in the DAPA-MI cohort, and 16.6% in the EMPACT-MI cohort experienced HF hospitalization within a year post-AMI. High-risk patients, defined by the presence of five risk factors, had nearly one in four hospitalizations with HF at 1-year follow-up. The predicted adjusted incidence rate for heart failure within 1 year almost doubled from 64.5 cases per 1000 person-years [95% confidence interval (CI): 51.1 to 78.0] in 2005, to 118.2 cases per 1000 person-years in 2019 (95% CI: 115.0 to 121.5). Heart failure hospitalization was associated with a three-fold increase in 1-year mortality (hazard ratio 3.01, 95% CI 2.95-3.13).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>One in 10 AMI patients experienced HF hospitalization within the first-year post-AMI, with rising trends in high-risk subgroups. These findings highlight the need for targeted post-AMI care strategies to improve outcomes and address the increasing burden of HF in the modern percutaneous coronary intervention era.</p>","PeriodicalId":93995,"journal":{"name":"European heart journal open","volume":"5 2","pages":"oeaf013"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11896973/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143618004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: A multi-component intervention increased access to smoking cessation treatment after hospitalization for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a randomized trial.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/ehjopen/oeaf010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjopen/oeaf010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/ehjopen/oeae028.].</p>","PeriodicalId":93995,"journal":{"name":"European heart journal open","volume":"5 1","pages":"oeaf010"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11837210/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143461100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ischaemic and bleeding risk after ST-elevation myocardial infarction in patients with active cancer: a nationwide study.","authors":"Mohamed Dafaalla, Francesco Costa, Haibo Jia, Harindra Wijeysundera, Muhammad Rashid, Michelle M Graham, Wojtek Wojakowski, Alaide Chieffo, Gary S Mintz, Mamas A Mamas","doi":"10.1093/ehjopen/oeaf012","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ehjopen/oeaf012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Treatment of patients with cancer presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is complex given the increased risk of both thrombotic and major bleeding complications.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>A nationally linked cohort of STEMI patients between January 2005 and March 2019 was obtained from the UK Myocardial Infarction National Audit Project and the UK National Hospital Episode Statistics Admitted Patient Care registries. The primary outcomes were major bleeding and re-infarction at 1 year following admission with STEMI. Major bleeding was defined as bleeding events that require hospital admission. Re-infarction was defined as acute MI according to the fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction. A total of 322 776 STEMI-indexed admissions were identified between January 2005 and March 2019. Of those, 7050 (2.2%) patients were diagnosed with active cancer. Cancer patients were older with more cardiovascular comorbidities. Cancer patients received invasive coronary angiography (62.2% vs. 72.7%, <i>P</i> < 0.001) and percutaneous coronary intervention (58.4% vs. 69.5%, <i>P</i> < 0.001) less often compared with patients without cancer and were less likely to be prescribed dual antiplatelet therapy (85% vs. 95.4%, <i>P</i> < 0.001). The incidence of major bleeding (6.5% vs. 3.5%, <i>P</i> < 0.001) and re-infarction (cancer 5.7%, no cancer 5.1%, <i>P</i> = 0.01) was higher in cancer patients at 1 year. After adjustment for differences in baseline covariates, a similar risk of re-infarction (sub-hazard ratios (SHR) 1.10, 95% CI 0.94-1.27) and a 50% increased risk of major bleeding (SHR 1.49, 95% CI 1.30-1.71) were observed in cancer patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Compared with non-cancer patients, cancer patients have a higher risk of major bleeding but not of re-infarction. Mitigating bleeding risk in STEMI patients with cancer is of paramount importance to improve outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":93995,"journal":{"name":"European heart journal open","volume":"5 2","pages":"oeaf012"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11892560/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of atrial fibrillation on oxygen uptake and haemodynamics in patients with heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Veronika Schmid, Stephen J Foulkes, Jenelle K Dziano, Jing Wang, Jan Verwerft, Adrian D Elliott, Mark J Haykowsky","doi":"10.1093/ehjopen/oeaf003","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ehjopen/oeaf003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Atrial fibrillation (AF) may exacerbate exercise intolerance and haemodynamic limitations in individuals with heart failure (HF). Therefore, we performed a systematic search and meta-analysis to quantify the impact of AF on exercise tolerance (peak oxygen uptake, VO₂peak; primary outcome) and exercise haemodynamics (secondary outcomes) in patients with HF.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for articles from inception to June 2024. Studies were included if they: (i) examined participants with HF; (ii) compared participants with AF to those not in AF (i.e. sinus rhythm); (iii) measured VO₂peak from expired gas analysis. A fixed effects meta-analysis was performed, with groups compared using the weighted average effect size, represented as the weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Of 573 identified studies, 16 met the full inclusion comparing VO₂peak in HF-patients in AF [HF-AF; <i>n</i> = 1,271, 68% male, 67 years, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF): 41%], and HF in sinus rhythm (HF-SR; <i>n</i> = 4910; 62% male, 62 years, LVEF: 41%). VO₂peak was significantly lower in HF-AF (WMD: -1.55mL/kg/min, 95%-CI: -1.81 to -1.28, <i>n</i> = 6471). This coincided with a slightly lower peak heart rate (WMD: -2.94 b/min, 95%-CI: -4.76 to -1.13 b/min, <i>n</i> = 5115), decreased O₂pulse (WMD: -1.58 mL/beat, 95% CI: -1.90 to -1.26, <i>n</i> = 3049), and lower systolic blood pressure (WMD: -11.11 mmHg, 95% CI: -14.01 to -8.21, <i>n</i> = 2409).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In patients with HF, AF is associated with greater VO₂peak impairment, potentially due to reduced stroke volume and/or arterio-venous oxygen difference. This highlights the importance of combined strategies to identify and manage AF in individuals with HF.</p>","PeriodicalId":93995,"journal":{"name":"European heart journal open","volume":"5 1","pages":"oeaf003"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11823826/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143416597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low LDL cholesterol and risk of bacterial and viral infections: observational and Mendelian randomization studies.","authors":"Marianne Benn, Frida Emanuelsson, Anne Tybjærg-Hansen, Børge G Nordestgaard","doi":"10.1093/ehjopen/oeaf009","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ehjopen/oeaf009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Low levels of LDL cholesterol may be associated with risk of infectious disease. We tested the hypothesis that low LDL cholesterol due to genetic variation in the <i>LDLR</i>, <i>PCSK9</i>, and <i>HMGCR</i> genes and a polygenic LDL cholesterol score is associated with risk of infectious diseases in the general population.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Using observational and Mendelian randomization designs, we examined associations of low plasma LDL cholesterol with risk of bacterial and viral infections in 119 805 individuals from the Copenhagen General Population Study/Copenhagen City Heart Study, 468 701 from the UK Biobank, and up to 376 773 from the FinnGen Research Project. Observationally, low LDL cholesterol concentrations were associated with risk of hospitalization for both bacterial and viral infections. In genetic analyses, a 1 mmol/L lower LDL cholesterol was associated with lower plasma PCSK9 {-0.55 nmol/L [95% confidence interval (CI): -1.06 to -0.05]; <i>P</i> = 0.03}, leucocyte count [-0.42 × 10⁹/L (-0.61 to -0.24); <i>P</i> < 0.001], and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [-0.44 mg/L (-0.79 to -0.09); <i>P</i> = 0.014]. Using an <i>LDLR</i>, <i>HMGCR</i>, and <i>PCSK9</i> score, a 1 mmol/L lower LDL cholesterol was associated with risk ratios of 0.91 (95% CI: 0.86-0.97; <i>P</i> = 0.002) for unspecified bacterial infection, of 0.92 (0.87-0.97; <i>P</i> = 0.004) for diarrhoeal disease, and of 1.15 (1.03-1.29; <i>P</i> = 0.012) for unspecified viral infections and 1.64 (1.13-2.39; <i>P</i> = 0.009) for HIV/AIDS. Using a polygenic LDL cholesterol score largely showed similar results and in addition a lower risk of 0.85 (0.76-0.96; <i>P</i> = 0.006) for bacterial pneumonia and 0.91 (0.82-0.99; <i>P</i> = 0.035) for sepsis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Genetically low LDL cholesterol concentrations were associated with lower concentration of markers of inflammation; lower risk of hospitalization for unspecified bacterial infections, infectious diarrhoeal diseases, bacterial pneumonia, and sepsis; and higher risk of viral infections and HIV/AIDS.</p>","PeriodicalId":93995,"journal":{"name":"European heart journal open","volume":"5 1","pages":"oeaf009"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11843444/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143485158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}