Current opinion in HIV and AIDS最新文献_第7页

Adolescents and young adults with HIV and unsuppressed viral load: where do we go from here? 感染艾滋病毒且病毒载量未得到抑制的青少年：我们该何去何从？

Current opinion in HIV and AIDS Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000880

Natella Rakhmanina, Caroline Foster, Allison Agwu

{"title":"Adolescents and young adults with HIV and unsuppressed viral load: where do we go from here?","authors":"Natella Rakhmanina, Caroline Foster, Allison Agwu","doi":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000880","DOIUrl":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000880","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Adolescents and youth living with HIV (AYLHIV) have worse outcomes at all stages of the care cascade when compared with adults, yet adolescents and youth with unsuppressed viral load are typically excluded from phase 3 studies of novel HIV therapeutic agents and emerging strategies. Long-acting agents have the potential to radically change outcomes for young people struggling with adherence to daily oral HIV medications.Recent findings: 1.5 million children aged less than 15 years live with HIV and more than 100 000 acquire HIV perinatally every year. Adolescents and youth aged 10-24 years comprise ∼40% of global incident HIV infections. Rates of viral suppression among AYLHIV vary markedly from 44 to 88%, resulting in morbidity and risks of transmission to partners and infants. Virological failure is mostly due to poor adherence, and AYLHIV express high levels of interest and acceptability of alternatives to oral daily medications, such as long-acting antiretroviral formulations. Emerging data regarding their use in populations with unsuppressed viral load are encouraging.Summary: AYLHIV, including populations without virologic suppression, must be prioritized for the programmatic implementation and research of long-acting HIV drugs and other therapeutic strategies to prevent morbidity and mortality and to ultimately end the HIV epidemic.","PeriodicalId":93966,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in HIV and AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"368-376"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141984175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Paediatric antiretroviral therapy challenges with emerging integrase resistance. 儿科抗逆转录病毒疗法面临新出现的整合酶耐药性挑战。

Current opinion in HIV and AIDS Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000876

Alasdair Bamford, Lisa Hamzah, Anna Turkova

{"title":"Paediatric antiretroviral therapy challenges with emerging integrase resistance.","authors":"Alasdair Bamford, Lisa Hamzah, Anna Turkova","doi":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000876","DOIUrl":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000876","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Universal antiretroviral (ART) coverage and virological suppression are fundamental to ending AIDS in children by 2030. Availability of new paediatric dolutegravir (DTG)-based ART formulations is a major breakthrough and will undoubtedly help achieve this goal, but treatment challenges still remain.Recent findings: Paediatric formulations remain limited compared to those for adults, especially for young children, those unable to tolerate DTG or with DTG-based first-line ART failure. Tenofovir alafenamide is virologically superior to standard-of-care backbone drugs in second-line, but paediatric formulations are not widely available. The roles of resistance testing and recycling of backbone drugs following first-line ART failure remain to be determined. Results of trials of novel treatment strategies including dual therapy and long-acting agents are awaited. Although numbers are currently small, safe and effective ART options are urgently required for children developing DTG resistance.Summary: The antiretroviral treatment gap between adults and children persists. The potential benefits from rollout of new paediatric DTG-based fixed-dose combination ART for first-line treatment are considerable. However, children remain disadvantaged when DTG-based first-line ART fails or cannot be used. Research efforts to address this inequity require prioritisation in order to ensure health outcomes are optimised for all ages in all settings.","PeriodicalId":93966,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in HIV and AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"323-329"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11451947/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141536181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Deciphering HIV-associated inflammation: microbiome's influence and experimental insights. 解密艾滋病毒相关炎症：微生物组的影响和实验见解。

Current opinion in HIV and AIDS Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-18 DOI: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000866

Ricky A Lippincott, John O'Connor, Charles P Neff, Catherine Lozupone, Brent E Palmer

{"title":"Deciphering HIV-associated inflammation: microbiome's influence and experimental insights.","authors":"Ricky A Lippincott, John O'Connor, Charles P Neff, Catherine Lozupone, Brent E Palmer","doi":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000866","DOIUrl":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000866","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: To review novel experimental approaches for studying host:microbe interactions and their role in intestinal and systemic inflammation in people living with HIV (PLWH).Recent findings: Inflammation in PLWH is impacted by interactions between the microbiome, the intestinal epithelium, and immune cells. This complex interplay is not fully understood and requires a variety of analytical techniques to study. Using a multiomic systems biology approach provides hypothesis generating data on host:microbe interactions that can be used to guide further investigation. The direct interactions between host cells and microbes can be elucidated using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMC's) or human intestinal organoids (HIO). Additionally, the broader relationship between the host and the microbiome can be explored using animal models such as nonhuman primates and germ-free and double humanized mice.Summary: To explore complex host:microbe relationships, hypotheses are generated and investigations are guided by multiomic data, while causal components are identified using in-vitro and in-vivo assays.","PeriodicalId":93966,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in HIV and AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"228-233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11305906/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141332678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pediatric perspective: the microbiome in vertical HIV-infection: unravelling gaps, challenges, and therapeutic potential. 儿科视角：艾滋病毒垂直感染中的微生物组：揭示差距、挑战和治疗潜力。

Current opinion in HIV and AIDS Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000875

Talía Sainz, Grace Aldrovandi

{"title":"Pediatric perspective: the microbiome in vertical HIV-infection: unravelling gaps, challenges, and therapeutic potential.","authors":"Talía Sainz, Grace Aldrovandi","doi":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/COH.0000000000000875","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The intricate interplay between HIV and the host microbiota has emerged as a significant area of investigation with therapeutic potential. Despite numerous studies on this complex interaction in adults, vertically acquired infections, which have distinct immunological and virological characteristics, remain relatively understudied.Recent findings: Disturbances, including prolonged exposure to HIV and antiretroviral therapy, significantly impact the gut microbiome, though isolating these effects from other influencing factors is challenging. Children and adolescents living with HIV exhibit reduced microbiome diversity and potential imbalances between beneficial and pathogenic taxa. However, most available data focus on microbiome composition rather than function. The observed variations in specific microbial phyla are intriguing, but their health effects are unknown. Although modulating the microbiota may be theoretically easier during childhood, few interventional trials have included children.Summary: Therapeutic interventions aimed at modulating the gut microbiome in children with HIV have shown limited impact, and their ability to induce long-term microbiome changes remains uncertain. A more functional, longitudinal approach, along with an ecological perspective, is needed to understand the complex interplay between the microbiome and the host. This will help clarify the relevance of microbiota alterations and their potential implications for clinical outcomes, such as inflammation and immune reconstitution in pediatric HIV.","PeriodicalId":93966,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in HIV and AIDS","volume":"19 5","pages":"253-260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141899216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Penile microbiome: decoding its impact on HIV risk. 阴茎微生物组：解码其对 HIV 风险的影响。

Current opinion in HIV and AIDS Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-17 DOI: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000865

Sydney G Nelson, Cindy M Liu

{"title":"Penile microbiome: decoding its impact on HIV risk.","authors":"Sydney G Nelson, Cindy M Liu","doi":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000865","DOIUrl":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000865","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The penile microbiome has been linked to local inflammation and increased risk for sexually transmitted infections, including HIV. This review explores recent studies of this emerging area of HIV research.Recent findings: The male urogenital tract supports multiple distinct niches, where their associated microbiome are shaped by abiotic (e.g., oxygen, moisture) and biotic (e.g., host immunity) environmental factors and host behaviors, particularly sexual activity. In addition, male circumcision is a significant drivers of male genital microbiome in both children and adults. Recent sexual partner studies provide new insight into the exchange of genital bacteria and concurrent local immune changes that may impact HIV risk.Summary: The male genital microbiome is shaped by the local microenvironment and host behaviors including sexual activity. Improving our understanding of the connection between the male genital microbiome, local inflammation, and HIV susceptibility, as well as how pro-inflammatory genital bacteria are transmitted between sexual partners may inform new strategies to prevent HIV transmission.","PeriodicalId":93966,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in HIV and AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"241-245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11305963/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141461341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Therapeutic microbiome modulation: new frontiers in HIV treatment. 治疗性微生物组调节：艾滋病治疗的新前沿。

Current opinion in HIV and AIDS Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-13 DOI: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000864

Rene Bulnes, Netanya S Utay

引用次数: 0

Elite controllers microbiome: unraveling the mystery of association and causation. 精英控制器微生物组：揭开关联和因果关系的神秘面纱。

Current opinion in HIV and AIDS Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-12 DOI: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000867

Xiangning Bai, Anders Sönnerborg, Piotr Nowak

{"title":"Elite controllers microbiome: unraveling the mystery of association and causation.","authors":"Xiangning Bai, Anders Sönnerborg, Piotr Nowak","doi":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000867","DOIUrl":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000867","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: To unravel the current knowledge and possible link between the gut microbiome and HIV-1 virological control in elite controllers (EC), who can suppress viral replication in the absence of antiretroviral therapy. In addition, to discuss the limitations of current research and propose future research directions.Recent findings: EC possess a different gut bacterial microbiota profile in composition and functionality from that of treatment-naive HIV-1 viremic progressors (VP). Specifically, EC have a richer bacterial microbiota as compared to VP, which closely resembles the microbiota in HIV-1 negative healthy controls (HC). Differentially abundant bacteria are found between EC and VP or HC, though results vary among the few existing studies. These data imply that the gut microbiome could contribute to the natural suppression of HIV-1 infection.Summary: An association between the gut microbiome and HIV-1 virological control is evidenced by recent studies. Yet, there are substantial knowledge gaps, and the underlying mechanism of how the microbiome influences the EC phenotype is far from clarified. Future research should consider diverse microbial communities, the complex microbe-host interactions, as well as yet-unidentified causal links between microbiome alterations and HIV-1 disease progression.","PeriodicalId":93966,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in HIV and AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"261-267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141319338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The vaginal microbiome and HIV transmission dynamics. 阴道微生物群与 HIV 传播动态。

Current opinion in HIV and AIDS Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-18 DOI: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000869

Emily M Cherenack, Courtney A Broedlow, Nichole R Klatt

{"title":"The vaginal microbiome and HIV transmission dynamics.","authors":"Emily M Cherenack, Courtney A Broedlow, Nichole R Klatt","doi":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000869","DOIUrl":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000869","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Among women, having a nonoptimal, highly diverse vaginal microbiome dominated by bacteria other than optimal Lactobacillus species such as L. crispatus or L. jensenii predicts HIV transmission. Reducing HIV acquisition among women requires a better understanding of the mechanisms through which the vaginal microbiome impacts HIV transmission dynamics and how to more effectively treat and intervene. Technological advancements are improving the ability of researchers to fully characterize interacting host-bacteria mechanisms. Consequently, the purpose of this review was to summarize the most innovative research on the vaginal microbiome and its role in HIV transmission in the past year.Recent findings: Studies combining multiomics, experimental, and translational approaches highlight the associations of a nonoptimal microbiome with maladaptive alterations in immune cell functioning, vaginal metabolites, host cell transcription, mucosal immunity, and epithelial barrier integrity. While there are multiple mechanisms proposed to increase HIV acquisition risk, there are virtually zero acceptable and effective treatments to improve the vaginal microbiome and immunity.Summary: Women-centered solutions to modify the vaginal microbiome and bacterial metabolites should continue to be explored as a mechanism to reduce HIV acquisition.","PeriodicalId":93966,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in HIV and AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"234-240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11756713/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141461343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Editorial introduction. 编辑介绍。

Current opinion in HIV and AIDS Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000874

引用次数: 0

Pulmonary comorbidities in people with HIV- the microbiome connection. 艾滋病病毒感染者的肺部合并症--与微生物组的联系。

Current opinion in HIV and AIDS Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000871

Xiangning Bai, Susanne Dam Nielsen, Ken M Kunisaki, Marius Trøseid

{"title":"Pulmonary comorbidities in people with HIV- the microbiome connection.","authors":"Xiangning Bai, Susanne Dam Nielsen, Ken M Kunisaki, Marius Trøseid","doi":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000871","DOIUrl":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000871","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: To report recent evidence on associations between human microbiome, particularly airway and gut, and pulmonary comorbidities in people with HIV (PWH). Furthermore, we explore how changes in the microbiome may contribute to pulmonary immune dysregulation and higher rates of pulmonary comorbidities among PWH. Finally, we propose future directions in the field.Recent findings: Increased risk of pulmonary comorbidities and rapid lung function decline have been reported in even well treated PWH. Altered microbiota profiles have been reported in PWH with pulmonary comorbidities and rapid lung function decline as compared to those without. The most consistent data have been the association between HIV-related pulmonary comorbidities, lung and oral microbiota dysbiosis, which has been also associated with distinct respiratory mucosal inflammatory profiles and short-term mortality. However, a possible causal link remains to be elucidated.Summary: Associations between the lung and oral microbiome, HIV-associated pulmonary comorbidities and rapid lung function decline have been reported in recent studies. Yet the underlying mechanism underpinning the observed associations is largely unknown and substantial knowledge gaps remain. Future research is warranted to unveil the role and mechanism of human microbiome from different anatomical compartments in relation to pulmonary comorbidities in PWH.","PeriodicalId":93966,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in HIV and AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"246-252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141461342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0