Current opinion in HIV and AIDS最新文献

Illuminating lymphoid tissue HIV reservoirs: advanced assays and their relevance to achieving an HIV cure. 照亮淋巴组织HIV储存库：先进的检测方法及其与实现HIV治愈的相关性。

IF 4

Current opinion in HIV and AIDS Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-22 DOI: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000974

Andrew Atkins, Lishomwa C Ndhlovu, Robert L Furler O'Brien

{"title":"Illuminating lymphoid tissue HIV reservoirs: advanced assays and their relevance to achieving an HIV cure.","authors":"Andrew Atkins, Lishomwa C Ndhlovu, Robert L Furler O'Brien","doi":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000974","DOIUrl":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000974","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Persistent HIV reservoirs within lymphoid tissues represent a major obstacle to achieving an HIV cure. This review examines current and emerging assays used to visualize, characterize, and quantify these reservoirs. Recent advancements in imaging, sequencing, and single-cell technologies are providing unprecedented detail about the composition, landscape and behavior of HIV reservoirs.Recent findings: Innovative assays, including intravital microscopy, spatial transcriptomics, next-generation sequencing, and highly multiplexed single-cell analyses, are revealing the complex interplay between the virus and the host immune system within lymphoid tissues. These methods are uncovering the heterogeneity of the latent reservoir, identifying specific cellular and molecular markers of viral persistence, and providing a more nuanced understanding of latency reversal dynamics.Summary: Advancements in visualizing and characterizing HIV reservoirs are crucial for the development and evaluation of novel cure interventions. By providing a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying viral persistence, these assays can inform the design and measure the effectiveness of targeted therapies aimed at eliminating or permanently silencing the reservoir.","PeriodicalId":93966,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in HIV and AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"533-542"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144983880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Maintain the gains: methods to evaluate the sustainability and scalability of HIV-related prevention, care, and treatment programs. 保持成果：评估艾滋病毒相关预防、护理和治疗规划的可持续性和可扩展性的方法。

IF 4

Current opinion in HIV and AIDS Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-26 DOI: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000976

Joseph G Rosen, Trisha Arnold, Margaret E Crane

{"title":"Maintain the gains: methods to evaluate the sustainability and scalability of HIV-related prevention, care, and treatment programs.","authors":"Joseph G Rosen, Trisha Arnold, Margaret E Crane","doi":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000976","DOIUrl":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000976","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The purpose of this review is to assess current methods for evaluating the sustainability and scalability of HIV prevention, care, and treatment programs - the maintenance, timeliness, and quality of which are priorities for global HIV epidemic control. We highlight specific opportunities to enhance methodological rigor for lasting HIV epidemic control.Recent findings: Cost and cost-effectiveness of implementation strategies can prepare organizations for sustainability and scale-up. Organizational readiness for initial implementation and alignment with institutional structures are associated with program sustainment and scale-up capacity. Health systems capacity, including alignment between health ministries and external donors, builds capacity for sustainment. Due to limited resources and staffing instability, health systems may lack absorptive capacity to sustain programs once external funding is removed.Summary: There is a growing body of scholarship retrospectively evaluating the durability and expansion of HIV prevention and treatment programs in practice, in addition to just in principle or theory (i.e. prospectively). To inform future decision-making and support sustained delivery across varying settings and populations, future work should prioritize longitudinal, mixed-methods approaches that assess the impact of policy changes, absorptive capacity, and integrating HIV treatment and prevention into existing health systems.","PeriodicalId":93966,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in HIV and AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"594-603"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12515075/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144983865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Resist to persist: resistance of the HIV reservoir to immune-mediated clearance. 抵抗持续：HIV病毒库抵抗免疫介导的清除。

IF 4

Current opinion in HIV and AIDS Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-18 DOI: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000975

Thuong D T Nguyen, Cristina Peligero-Cruz, Beatriz Mothe

{"title":"Resist to persist: resistance of the HIV reservoir to immune-mediated clearance.","authors":"Thuong D T Nguyen, Cristina Peligero-Cruz, Beatriz Mothe","doi":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000975","DOIUrl":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000975","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: This review examines recent research on the mechanisms underlying resistance to cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated killing, commonly referred to as 'CTL-resistance', which contributes in the persistence of the HIV-1 reservoir and represents a major barrier to achieving an HIV-1 cure.Recent findings: Recent discoveries have revealed that the viral reservoir in people with HIV (PWH) in long-term antiretroviral (ART) treatment is enriched within cells exhibiting a pro-survival phenotype, reduced antigen presentation capacity, or intrinsic mechanisms that may directly counteract cytotoxic responses, thereby facilitating immune-killing evasion. Among many others, overexpression of the antiapoptotic protein BCL-2, the pro-survival factor BIRC-5/SURVIVIN and its upstream regulator OX40, the histone methyltransferase EZH-2, or a quiescent metabolic profile with reduced reactive oxygen species production have been described as the most notable mechanisms of CTL-resistance.Summary: While several advances in HIV therapeutic vaccines have demonstrated its ability to induce strong polyfunctional CTL responses associated with improved viral control, vaccine-induced responses fail to reduce reservoir levels- which might be partially due to a CTL-resistant HIV reservoir able to evade immune-mediated clearance. Strategies aimed at reversing this CTL-resistance or sensitize the HIV-1 reservoir might improve the efficacy of future immunotherapies aimed at achieving a durable ART-free control.","PeriodicalId":93966,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in HIV and AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"559-564"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12517732/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145133094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integrating substance use services into HIV care: an underused implementation science opportunity. 将药物使用服务纳入艾滋病毒护理：未充分利用的实施科学机会。

IF 4

Current opinion in HIV and AIDS Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-05 DOI: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000980

Christopher M Ferraris, Christopher Magana, Justin Knox

{"title":"Integrating substance use services into HIV care: an underused implementation science opportunity.","authors":"Christopher M Ferraris, Christopher Magana, Justin Knox","doi":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000980","DOIUrl":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000980","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Substance use disorders (SUDs) are common among people with HIV (PWH) and have been linked to sub-optimal HIV care outcomes. Integration of substance use services into HIV care is an implementation strategy with potential to increase uptake of substance use services and improve HIV care outcomes. This review synthesizes recent U.S.-based studies on the epidemiology of substance use and HIV and integrated care models.Recent findings: We identified 18 studies published between January 2023 and June 2025. These studies reported high prevalence of substance use among PWH, with disparities by race/ethnicity and sexual orientation. Examples of integrated care models ranged from co-located low-barrier clinics to brief behavioral interventions. Overall, integration strategies were feasible and acceptable but demonstrated variable levels of reach and impact on HIV care outcomes. Few studies explicitly used implementation science frameworks.Summary: Effective integration of SUD and HIV care has the potential to improve uptake of substance use services, address disparities, and aligns with federal initiatives to achieve HIV and substance use public health goals, such as Ending the HIV Epidemic and HEAL. Increased application of implementation science could guide the evaluation of these programs and hopefully enhance their reach and impact.","PeriodicalId":93966,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in HIV and AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"612-620"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145031461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Leveraging implementation research to end HIV as a public health threat in our lifetimes. 利用实施研究，终结艾滋病毒这一我们有生之年的公共卫生威胁。

IF 4

Current opinion in HIV and AIDS Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000982

Stefan Baral

引用次数: 0

The state of the art of adaptation strategies for HIV-related interventions. 艾滋病毒相关干预措施适应战略的最新进展。

IF 4

Current opinion in HIV and AIDS Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000981

Anita Dam, Kristen Pollick, Laura K Beres

{"title":"The state of the art of adaptation strategies for HIV-related interventions.","authors":"Anita Dam, Kristen Pollick, Laura K Beres","doi":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000981","DOIUrl":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000981","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: This review synthesizes literature since January 2024 on the adaptation of HIV interventions and implementation strategies. Both the enormous, but currently unfilled potential of new treatment and prevention technologies, as well as the pressing need to meet global HIV epidemic control targets amid recent HIV funding cuts, necessitate adaptation to improve intervention and implementation effectiveness, scalability, and responsiveness in diverse populations and contexts.Recent findings: Recent literature demonstrates the application of multistep frameworks guiding adaptation and improved documentation using tools such as FRAME, and rigorous study designs that inherently support and evaluate adaptation such as MOST and SMART. Adaptation targets include enhanced cultural relevance and implementer perspectives, while amplifying community voices and leveraging technology. More rigorous evaluation of adaptation processes and outcomes is still needed.Summary: The findings highlight the importance of adaptation in improving scalability, equity, and impact in HIV implementation. Improved transparency in adaptation documentation and etiologies can improve adaptation efficiency, mechanistic understanding, and transferability. Novel study designs support adaptation with rigorous evaluation. Prioritizing structured, participatory adaptation processes can improve equity and health impact, especially for marginalized populations.","PeriodicalId":93966,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in HIV and AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"604-611"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144994811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of analytical treatment interruptions in shaping HIV-specific immunity and HIV cure. 分析性治疗中断在形成艾滋病毒特异性免疫和艾滋病毒治愈中的作用。

IF 4

Current opinion in HIV and AIDS Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-21 DOI: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000973

Mihiri Weerasuria, James H McMahon, Sharon R Lewin, Jillian S Y Lau

{"title":"The role of analytical treatment interruptions in shaping HIV-specific immunity and HIV cure.","authors":"Mihiri Weerasuria, James H McMahon, Sharon R Lewin, Jillian S Y Lau","doi":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000973","DOIUrl":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000973","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: While existing guidance supports the use of analytical treatment interruptions (ATIs) in HIV cure clinical trials, their design must be tailored to the intervention and scientific question. As immunologically based cure strategies gain prominence, understanding how ATIs interact with HIV-specific immune responses is critical for their safe and effective implementation.Recent findings: Time to rebound ATIs evaluate how quickly HIV returns after stopping treatment and are generally safer due to limited viraemia duration. In contrast, set point ATIs measure the level at which viraemia stabilizes after rebound and may pose greater risks, as participants can experience higher viraemia before reaching a set point or demonstrating post intervention control. Shorter ATIs appear to cause only transient effects on the HIV reservoir, immune function, and inflammation. However, the long-term consequences of prolonged ATIs remain unclear due to limited data.Summary: As HIV cure research progresses, carefully designed ATIs are essential for evaluating new therapies. Longer follow up post virological suppression should be considered, despite potential cost and logistical burdens. When collected, these data and outcomes should be reported in trial publications and shared with stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":93966,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in HIV and AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"543-551"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12517717/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144983480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

"Measuring the gap": advances and practical considerations in assessment of adoption, penetration, and sustainment of HIV prevention services. “衡量差距”：评估艾滋病毒预防服务的采用、渗透和维持方面的进展和实际考虑。

IF 4

Current opinion in HIV and AIDS Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-26 DOI: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000979

Jennifer Velloza, Katrina F Ortblad, Christopher G Kemp

{"title":"\"Measuring the gap\": advances and practical considerations in assessment of adoption, penetration, and sustainment of HIV prevention services.","authors":"Jennifer Velloza, Katrina F Ortblad, Christopher G Kemp","doi":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000979","DOIUrl":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000979","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Prior reviews have documented lack of consistency around implementation outcome measurement and gaps in assessing adoption, penetration or reach, and sustainment in HIV research. Our review sought to summarize approaches to measuring adoption, penetration, and sustainment in the HIV research literature, with a focus on the preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) field which is ripe for exploration as long-acting PrEP formulations become available and oral PrEP programs become increasingly sustained.Recent findings: Our literature search of adoption, penetration, and sustainment measurement in HIV research identified 250 manuscripts. We developed a conceptual heuristic of latent and manifest measures for HIV implementation research. Few PrEP studies measured adoption according to our heuristic and latent adoption measurements were often conflated with acceptability, while manifest measurements were conflated with penetration. Most PrEP studies measuring penetration focused on the client level, with fewer measuring penetration among organizations or providers. Sustainment measurement across studies was diverse and included mixed methods assessment at organization, provider, and client levels.Summary: Heterogeneity persists in operationalizing adoption, penetration, and sustainment. Future work is needed to develop and validate pragmatic and robust measures of these constructs that can be used in evolving HIV implementation contexts.","PeriodicalId":93966,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in HIV and AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"587-593"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144983777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Harnessing innate immunity: natural killer cells and innate immune responses in reservoir clearance. 利用先天免疫：自然杀伤细胞和先天免疫反应在水库清除。

IF 4

Current opinion in HIV and AIDS Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-21 DOI: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000972

Katharina Schiering, Maya Beiersdorfer, Angelique Hoelzemer

{"title":"Harnessing innate immunity: natural killer cells and innate immune responses in reservoir clearance.","authors":"Katharina Schiering, Maya Beiersdorfer, Angelique Hoelzemer","doi":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000972","DOIUrl":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000972","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: As the HIV pandemic persists in the absence of an effective vaccine, this review summarizes promising recent strategies harnessing natural killer cells as part of the innate immune system for HIV cure.Recent findings: Current HIV cure approaches aim to enhance natural killer (NK) cell function by reversing inhibition, cytokine-mediated activation and targeting reservoir tissues. Additionally, HIV-specific NK cell therapies include broadly neutralizing antibody-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, bispecific antibodies and adoptive NK cell transfers. To date, none of the strategies by themselves showed sufficient efficacy, highlighting the importance of integrated approaches combining multiple NK cell-based strategies as well as considering the interplay between the innate and adaptive immune response to HIV-1.Summary: Encouraging findings from in vitro studies, animal models and clinical trials studying innovative NK cell-based therapies demonstrate their potential for cure strategies. Different strategies may need to be combined to create synergy to overcome the major challenge represented by the latent viral reservoir.","PeriodicalId":93966,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in HIV and AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"552-558"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12517733/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144983725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Targeting HIV myeloid and central nervous system reservoirs for HIV cure. 靶向HIV髓系和中枢神经系统库治疗HIV。

IF 4

Current opinion in HIV and AIDS Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-06 DOI: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000971

Paula Grasberger, Kiera L Clayton

{"title":"Targeting HIV myeloid and central nervous system reservoirs for HIV cure.","authors":"Paula Grasberger, Kiera L Clayton","doi":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000971","DOIUrl":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000971","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Myeloid vs. CD4 + T-cell reservoirs have received less attention for HIV cure strategies, mainly due to more limited access to tissues andchallenging in vitro and in vivo models, including modeling how myeloid cells affect HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). This review highlights recent studies providing insights intomyeloid viral reservoirs, new methods to study them, and the strategies to target them.Recent findings: In addition to studies describing replication competent virus derived from blood monocytes, which correlates with HAND, myeloid-derived virus can be characterized in clinical samples, such as the blood, using virion immunocapture. Characterization of monocyte subsets and pro-inflammatory markers in the blood can also help detect HAND. New humanized mouse models and in vitro organoid models have improved our ability to study central nervous system (CNS) reservoirs and inflammation. Strategies targeting the CNS vs. peripheral reservoirs may need to be fundamentally different to limit inflammation and which may contribute toHAND.Summary: Insights provided by these recent studies should challenge the field to employ these methods for myeloid reservoir and HAND detection in preclinical and clinical trial studies. Future HIV cure proposals can aim to include a myeloid reservoir component to help guide the design of strategies for inclusive cure strategies.","PeriodicalId":93966,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in HIV and AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"526-532"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144983498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0