Current opinion in HIV and AIDS最新文献_第10页

Therapeutic microbiome modulation: new frontiers in HIV treatment. 治疗性微生物组调节：艾滋病治疗的新前沿。

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Current opinion in HIV and AIDS Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-13 DOI: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000864

Rene Bulnes, Netanya S Utay

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Editorial introduction. 编辑介绍。

Current opinion in HIV and AIDS Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000874

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Pulmonary comorbidities in people with HIV- the microbiome connection. 艾滋病病毒感染者的肺部合并症--与微生物组的联系。

IF 4

Current opinion in HIV and AIDS Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000871

Xiangning Bai, Susanne Dam Nielsen, Ken M Kunisaki, Marius Trøseid

{"title":"Pulmonary comorbidities in people with HIV- the microbiome connection.","authors":"Xiangning Bai, Susanne Dam Nielsen, Ken M Kunisaki, Marius Trøseid","doi":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000871","DOIUrl":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000871","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: To report recent evidence on associations between human microbiome, particularly airway and gut, and pulmonary comorbidities in people with HIV (PWH). Furthermore, we explore how changes in the microbiome may contribute to pulmonary immune dysregulation and higher rates of pulmonary comorbidities among PWH. Finally, we propose future directions in the field.Recent findings: Increased risk of pulmonary comorbidities and rapid lung function decline have been reported in even well treated PWH. Altered microbiota profiles have been reported in PWH with pulmonary comorbidities and rapid lung function decline as compared to those without. The most consistent data have been the association between HIV-related pulmonary comorbidities, lung and oral microbiota dysbiosis, which has been also associated with distinct respiratory mucosal inflammatory profiles and short-term mortality. However, a possible causal link remains to be elucidated.Summary: Associations between the lung and oral microbiome, HIV-associated pulmonary comorbidities and rapid lung function decline have been reported in recent studies. Yet the underlying mechanism underpinning the observed associations is largely unknown and substantial knowledge gaps remain. Future research is warranted to unveil the role and mechanism of human microbiome from different anatomical compartments in relation to pulmonary comorbidities in PWH.","PeriodicalId":93966,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in HIV and AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"246-252"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141461342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Untangling the role of the microbiome across the stages of HIV disease. 了解微生物组在艾滋病各阶段的作用。

IF 4

Current opinion in HIV and AIDS Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000870

Alexandra M Ortiz, Jason M Brenchley

{"title":"Untangling the role of the microbiome across the stages of HIV disease.","authors":"Alexandra M Ortiz, Jason M Brenchley","doi":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000870","DOIUrl":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000870","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The primate microbiome consists of bacteria, eukaryotes, and viruses that dynamically shape and respond to host health and disease. Understanding how the symbiotic relationship between the host and microbiome responds to HIV has implications for therapeutic design.Recent findings: Advances in microbiome identification technologies have expanded our ability to identify constituents of the microbiome and to infer their functional capacity. The dual use of these technologies and animal models has allowed interrogation into the role of the microbiome in lentiviral acquisition, vaccine efficacy, and the response to antiretrovirals. Lessons learned from such studies are now being harnessed to design microbiome-based interventions.Summary: Previous studies considering the role of the microbiome in people living with HIV largely described viral acquisition as an intrusion on the host:microbiome interface. Re-framing this view to consider HIV as a novel, albeit unwelcome, component of the microbiome may better inform the research and development of pre and postexposure prophylaxes.","PeriodicalId":93966,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in HIV and AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"221-227"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11305932/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141461344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Neuroinflammation and mental health outcomes in adolescents living with HIV 感染艾滋病毒的青少年的神经炎症和心理健康后果

Current opinion in HIV and AIDS Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0000000000000877

Arish Mudra Rakshasa-Loots, Jaime H. Vera, Barbara Laughton

{"title":"Neuroinflammation and mental health outcomes in adolescents living with HIV","authors":"Arish Mudra Rakshasa-Loots, Jaime H. Vera, Barbara Laughton","doi":"10.1097/coh.0000000000000877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/coh.0000000000000877","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Adolescents living with HIV show chronic inflammation, which in turn has been linked to mental health outcomes in the general population. The increased risk for mental health issues in adolescents with HIV may thus be driven by HIV-related inflammation. In this review, we discuss the associations between peripheral and central nervous system inflammation and mental health outcomes in adolescents with HIV.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Preclinical models indicate that expression of HIV viral proteins early in life may lead to neuroinflammation and behavioural deficits in adolescence. Clinical evidence is available primarily in the general population and in adults with HIV, and suggests that inflammatory biomarkers such as IL-6 and TNF-α may be associated with depressive symptoms. Only one study has explored these relationships in adolescents with HIV, and did not find that inflammatory biomarkers in the blood or brain were linked to depressive symptoms. Current research in this field focuses overwhelmingly on peripheral inflammatory biomarkers (compared to neuroimaging biomarkers) and on depression (compared to other mental health conditions).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 There is strong evidence to suggest that neuroinflammation and peripheral inflammation may play a role in the development of mental health issues in adolescents, but research in adolescents with HIV is sparse. Characterizing the relationship between inflammation and mental health in adolescents with HIV may help improve the prediction, prevention, early intervention, and treatment of mental health issues in this population.\u0000","PeriodicalId":93966,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in HIV and AIDS","volume":"46 s157","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141834804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Gaining momentum: stem cell therapies for HIV cure. 蓄势待发：治疗艾滋病的干细胞疗法。

IF 4

Current opinion in HIV and AIDS Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-26 DOI: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000859

Amanda M Buck, Brian H LaFranchi, Timothy J Henrich

{"title":"Gaining momentum: stem cell therapies for HIV cure.","authors":"Amanda M Buck, Brian H LaFranchi, Timothy J Henrich","doi":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000859","DOIUrl":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000859","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Durable HIV-1 remission has been reported in a person who received allogeneic stem cell transplants (SCTs) involving CCR5 Δ32/Δ32 donor cells. Much of the reduction in HIV-1 burden following allogeneic SCT with or without donor cells inherently resistant to HIV-1 infection is likely due to cytotoxic graft-versus-host effects on residual recipient immune cells. Nonetheless, there has been growing momentum to develop and implement stem cell therapies that lead to durable long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART)-free remission without the need for SCT.Recent findings: Most current research leverages gene editing techniques to modify hematopoietic stem cells which differentiate into immune cells capable of harboring HIV-1. Approaches include targeting genes that encode HIV-1 co-receptors using Zinc Finger Nucleases (ZFN) or CRISPR-Cas-9 to render a pool of adult or progenitor cells resistant to de-novo infection. Other strategies involve harnessing multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells to foster immune environments that can more efficiently recognize and target HIV-1 while promoting tissue homeostasis.Summary: Many of these strategies are currently in a state of infancy or adolescence; nonetheless, promising preclinical and first-in-human studies have been performed, providing further rationale to focus resources on stem cell therapies.","PeriodicalId":93966,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in HIV and AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"194-200"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11155292/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140875013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Editorial introduction. 编辑介绍。

IF 4

Current opinion in HIV and AIDS Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-06 DOI: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000862

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Immune checkpoint inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for HIV eradication: current insights and future directions. 将免疫检查点抑制作为根除艾滋病的治疗策略：当前见解与未来方向。

IF 4

Current opinion in HIV and AIDS Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000863

Jina Lee, James B Whitney

{"title":"Immune checkpoint inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for HIV eradication: current insights and future directions.","authors":"Jina Lee, James B Whitney","doi":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000863","DOIUrl":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000863","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: HIV-1 infection contributes substantially to global morbidity and mortality, with no immediate promise of an effective prophylactic vaccine. Combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) suppresses HIV replication, but latent viral reservoirs allow the virus to persist and reignite active replication if ART is discontinued. Moreover, inflammation and immune disfunction persist despite ART-mediated suppression of HIV. Immune checkpoint molecules facilitate immune dysregulation and viral persistence. However, their therapeutic modulation may offer an avenue to enhance viral immune control for patients living with HIV-1 (PLWH).Recent findings: The success of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy in oncology suggests that targeting these same immune pathways might be an effective therapeutic approach for treating PLWH. Several ICIs have been evaluated for their ability to reinvigorate exhausted T cells, and possibly reverse HIV latency, in both preclinical and clinical HIV-1 studies.Summary: Although there are very encouraging findings showing enhanced CD8 + T-cell function with ICI therapy in HIV infection, it remains uncertain whether ICIs alone could demonstrably impact the HIV reservoir. Moreover, safety concerns and significant clinical adverse events present a hurdle to the development of ICI approaches. This review provides an update on the current knowledge regarding the development of ICIs for the remission of HIV-1 in PWH. We detail recent findings from simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected rhesus macaque models, clinical trials in PLWH, and the role of soluble immune checkpoint molecules in HIV pathogenesis.","PeriodicalId":93966,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in HIV and AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"179-186"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140924089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Editorial introduction. 编辑介绍。

Current opinion in HIV and AIDS Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-06 DOI: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000862

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Utilizing immunotherapy towards achieving a functional cure for HIV-1. 利用免疫疗法实现对 HIV-1 的功能性治愈。

IF 4

Current opinion in HIV and AIDS Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000856

Fabrícia Heloisa Cavicchioli Sugiyama, Lisa Loksø Dietz, Ole Schmeltz Søgaard

{"title":"Utilizing immunotherapy towards achieving a functional cure for HIV-1.","authors":"Fabrícia Heloisa Cavicchioli Sugiyama, Lisa Loksø Dietz, Ole Schmeltz Søgaard","doi":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000856","DOIUrl":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000856","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Advancements in antiretroviral therapy (ART) have positively impacted the life expectancy and possibility of living a normal life for people with HIV-1. However, lifelong daily medication is necessary to prevent disease progression. To this end, immunotherapeutic strategies are being tested with the aim of developing a functional cure in which the immune system effectively controls HIV-1 in the absence of ART.Recent findings: The most promising advances in achieving sustained HIV-1 remission or cure include broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) that are administered alone or in combination with other agents. Newer and more innovative approaches redirecting T cells or natural killer cells to kill HIV-1 infected cells have also shown promising results. Finally, multiple ongoing trials focus on combining bNAbs with other immune-directed therapies to enhance both innate and adaptive immunity.Summary: While immunotherapies as an alternative to conventional ART have generally proven to be well tolerated, these therapeutic approaches have largely been unsuccessful in inducing ART-free control of HIV-1. However, promising results from recent trials involving bNAbs that have reported durable HIV-1 control among a subset of participants, provide reason for cautious optimism that we with further optimization of these treatment strategies may be able to achieve functional cure for HIV-1.","PeriodicalId":93966,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in HIV and AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"187-193"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140856324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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