艾滋病病毒感染者的肺部合并症--与微生物组的联系。

Current opinion in HIV and AIDS Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-25 DOI:10.1097/COH.0000000000000871
Xiangning Bai, Susanne Dam Nielsen, Ken M Kunisaki, Marius Trøseid
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引用次数: 0

摘要

综述目的:报告人类微生物组(尤其是气道和肠道)与艾滋病病毒感染者(PWH)肺部合并症之间关系的最新证据。此外,我们还探讨了微生物组的变化如何可能导致肺部免疫失调以及艾滋病病毒感染者肺部合并症发病率升高。最后,我们提出了该领域未来的发展方向:最新研究结果:有报道称,即使是治疗良好的 PWH 患者,其肺部合并症的风险也会增加,肺功能也会迅速下降。据报道,与无肺部合并症和肺功能急剧下降的患者相比,有肺部合并症和肺功能急剧下降的 PWH 患者的微生物群特征发生了改变。最一致的数据是与艾滋病毒相关的肺部合并症、肺部和口腔微生物群失调之间的关联,这也与独特的呼吸道粘膜炎症特征和短期死亡率有关。摘要:最近的研究报道了肺部和口腔微生物群、艾滋病相关肺部合并症和肺功能快速下降之间的关联。然而,观察到的这些关联的内在机制在很大程度上是未知的,而且仍然存在很大的知识差距。今后有必要开展研究,以揭示不同解剖部位的人类微生物组与艾滋病感染者肺部合并症相关的作用和机制。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Pulmonary comorbidities in people with HIV- the microbiome connection.

Purpose of review: To report recent evidence on associations between human microbiome, particularly airway and gut, and pulmonary comorbidities in people with HIV (PWH). Furthermore, we explore how changes in the microbiome may contribute to pulmonary immune dysregulation and higher rates of pulmonary comorbidities among PWH. Finally, we propose future directions in the field.

Recent findings: Increased risk of pulmonary comorbidities and rapid lung function decline have been reported in even well treated PWH. Altered microbiota profiles have been reported in PWH with pulmonary comorbidities and rapid lung function decline as compared to those without. The most consistent data have been the association between HIV-related pulmonary comorbidities, lung and oral microbiota dysbiosis, which has been also associated with distinct respiratory mucosal inflammatory profiles and short-term mortality. However, a possible causal link remains to be elucidated.

Summary: Associations between the lung and oral microbiome, HIV-associated pulmonary comorbidities and rapid lung function decline have been reported in recent studies. Yet the underlying mechanism underpinning the observed associations is largely unknown and substantial knowledge gaps remain. Future research is warranted to unveil the role and mechanism of human microbiome from different anatomical compartments in relation to pulmonary comorbidities in PWH.

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