Cureus最新文献

{"title":"Cerebral Lymphangioma: A Clinical Case History.","authors":"Fadwa Fliyou, Sidi Mamoun Louraoui, Youssef Ouboukhlik, Mounir Rghioui, Abdessamad El Azhari, Faycal Moufid","doi":"10.7759/cureus.86455","DOIUrl":"10.7759/cureus.86455","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cerebral lymphangioma is an extremely rare entity, especially in adults. We report the case of a 38-year-old male who presented with diabetic ketoacidosis (fasting glucose: 4.65 g/L; glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c): 9.5%; urinary ketones and glucose: 4+ (highly positive)), severe holocranial headache, left hemiparesis, and agitation. MRI revealed a 58×46.5 mm right parietal extra-axial lesion with cystic and hemorrhagic components, initially suggestive of a cystic meningioma. Gross total surgical resection was performed following metabolic stabilization. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of lymphangioma. Postoperatively, the patient experienced a marked reduction in headache intensity (from 8/10 to 2/10 on the visual analog scale) and improvement in motor strength. This case illustrates the diagnostic challenge posed by cerebral lymphangiomas, which may closely mimic other cystic extra-axial lesions on imaging, particularly hemorrhagic meningiomas. It also demonstrates that complete surgical resection can result in favorable clinical outcomes. To our knowledge, this is one of the very few documented cases of cerebral lymphangioma in an adult, underscoring the need for increased awareness and further case reports to guide diagnosis and management.</p>","PeriodicalId":93960,"journal":{"name":"Cureus","volume":"17 6","pages":"e86455"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12180949/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144478292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foregut Duplication Cysts in a Patient With Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: A Case Report.","authors":"Aleksandra I Sadecka, Zaneta Slowik-Moczydlowska","doi":"10.7759/cureus.86349","DOIUrl":"10.7759/cureus.86349","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Esophageal duplication cysts are a rare form of foregut developmental abnormality with heterogeneous manifestations due to their variable location and size. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is a congenital defect resulting from incomplete diaphragm formation, with a wide spectrum of severity. It is typically diagnosed antenatally and managed surgically in the neonatal period. We present a case report of a newborn with a rare co-occurrence of congenital diaphragmatic hernia and multiple esophageal duplication cysts.</p>","PeriodicalId":93960,"journal":{"name":"Cureus","volume":"17 6","pages":"e86349"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12178452/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144334716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender-Related Differences in Hospitalization Outcomes of Acute Pancreatitis: A Retrospective Analysis.","authors":"Ahmed Ali Aziz, Muhammad Ali Aziz, Nosheen Omar, Rida Zahid, Muhammad Amir, Rehan Shah, Ijlal Akbar Ali","doi":"10.7759/cureus.86371","DOIUrl":"10.7759/cureus.86371","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common gastrointestinal condition that frequently necessitates hospitalization. The aim of our study is to investigate whether gender affects the outcomes of adult patients hospitalized with AP. Methods Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database 2020 and the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) codes, we performed a retrospective study of adult patients admitted with AP. We compared inpatient outcomes of AP between males and females. The primary outcome was all-cause inpatient mortality. Secondary outcomes were length of stay (LOS), total healthcare cost utilization, incidence of acute renal failure (ARF), sepsis, shock, and the need for intensive care unit (ICU) admission. We used STATA Version 16.1 to perform the statistical analyses. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess if gender was an independent predictor for these outcomes and to adjust for any confounders. Results A total of 252,595 adult patients were admitted for AP in 2020. The mean age was 50.89 years, and 139,180 (55.1 %) of the patients were males. Female patients had a higher prevalence of chronic kidney disease (9.26% vs 8.47%, P < 0.01), congestive heart failure (6.48% vs 5.69%, P < 0.01), and obesity (23.37% vs 17.39%, P < 0.01). Male patients had a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus type 2 (27.32% vs 24.68%, P < 0.01), diabetes mellitus type 1 (1.32% vs 1.25%, P = 0.5), liver cirrhosis (1.81% vs 1.75%, P = 0.61), and smoking/tobacco use (39.38% vs 29.28%, P < 0.01). Females had significantly lower likelihood of in-hospital mortality (aOR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.51-0.82, P < 0.01), ARF (aOR 0.72, 95% CI: 0.68-0.76, P < 0.01), sepsis (aOR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.63-0.75, P < 0.01), and shock (aOR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.62-0.89, P < 0.01) than males. There was no statistically significant difference between LOS, total hospitalization charges, and ICU admission between the two genders. Conclusions We found that females had significantly improved clinical outcomes, including lower mortality, ARF, sepsis, and shock, as compared to males. There was no statistical difference between the two genders in LOS, total hospitalization charges, and ICU admission. Further prospective studies are needed to accurately understand these differences to guide clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":93960,"journal":{"name":"Cureus","volume":"17 6","pages":"e86371"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12178571/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144334717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Levofloxacin-Induced Generalized Fixed Drug Eruption.","authors":"Hiebda Sofía Martínez Jiménez","doi":"10.7759/cureus.86372","DOIUrl":"10.7759/cureus.86372","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fixed drug eruption (FDE) is a type of toxicodermatitis induced by a delayed hypersensitivity reaction (type IV) characterized by the reappearance of erythematous-violaceous plaques at the same site upon reexposure to the triggering agent. We present the case of a 72-year-old female who developed a generalized FDE following the administration of levofloxacin. Diagnosis was established clinically and supported by the Naranjo algorithm. The condition improved upon drug discontinuation. This case highlights the importance of recognizing less common presentations, such as generalized FDE, and the need for continued awareness among healthcare providers, especially given the frequent use of antibiotics like levofloxacin.</p>","PeriodicalId":93960,"journal":{"name":"Cureus","volume":"17 6","pages":"e86372"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12178587/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144334718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Satralizumab Ameliorates Refractory Central Neuropathic Pain and Painful Tonic Spasms in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: A Case Report.","authors":"Junichi Matsuo, Keiichi Nakahara, Yasuyuki Hara, Mitsuharu Ueda","doi":"10.7759/cureus.86335","DOIUrl":"10.7759/cureus.86335","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is frequently accompanied by severe central neuropathic pain and painful tonic spasms for which therapeutic options are limited. Satralizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting the interleukin-6 receptor, has reduced relapse rates among patients with anti-aquaporin-4 antibody-positive NMOSD. Although reports have suggested that satralizumab may reduce NMOSD-associated central neuropathic pain and painful tonic spasms, conclusive evidence does not yet exist. Herein, we describe a patient with NMOSD whose refractory central neuropathic pain and painful tonic spasms did not adequately respond to conventional treatments but markedly improved following the initiation of satralizumab. This case suggests that satralizumab may be effective for central neuropathic pain and painful tonic spasms associated with NMOSD and could be an alternative therapy when other treatments are ineffective.</p>","PeriodicalId":93960,"journal":{"name":"Cureus","volume":"17 6","pages":"e86335"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12177823/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144334719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recurrent Post-traumatic Morel-Lavallée Lesion of the Hip and Thigh Treated With Open Capsulectomy and Povidone-Iodine Sclerotherapy: A Case Report.","authors":"Jung Su Lee, Oh Young Kwon, Jong Soon Kim, Young Hun Jung","doi":"10.7759/cureus.86385","DOIUrl":"10.7759/cureus.86385","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Morel-Lavallée lesions (MLLs) are closed internal degloving injuries that may lead to persistent post-traumatic fluid collections. We report the case of a 65-year-old male patient with a recurrent MLL over the left hip and thigh following a fall. Initial management with aspiration and corticosteroid injection was unsuccessful, and open capsulectomy also failed to prevent recurrence. Due to the unavailability of conventional sclerosing agents, ultrasound-guided sclerotherapy using 10% povidone-iodine was performed. After two sessions, there was a marked reduction in the size of the lesion without complications. This case suggests that povidone-iodine may serve as a viable alternative sclerosant for recurrent MLLs when standard agents are inaccessible.</p>","PeriodicalId":93960,"journal":{"name":"Cureus","volume":"17 6","pages":"e86385"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12178838/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144478300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative Electroencephalographic Measures of Voltage Amplitude and Dominant Frequency Associated With the Stroop Color-Conflict Cognitive-Interference Task in Medical Students.","authors":"Darine Alame, Merin Chandanathil, Brianna Easton, Shweta Verma, N'Kozi Bennett, Nicole R Moldovan, Denise Crowley, Richard M Millis","doi":"10.7759/cureus.86277","DOIUrl":"10.7759/cureus.86277","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Background Cognitive load theory postulates that effective learning depends on balancing a learner's cognitive capacity with cognitive load. Medical students are required to answer complex multiple-choice questions (MCQs) that involve complex vignettes and distractors, in 90 s per question. This demands the ability to rapidly process information, filter out irrelevant data, and suppress incorrect yet tempting answer choices. The Stroop color-conflict test represents a cognitive interference task that may simulate time-limited conditions for answering MCQs. This exploratory study tested whether selected quantitative electroencephalographic (qEEG) indices could behave as biomarkers that remain stable across sequential Stroop loads. Methods Thirteen healthy adults (11 retained after outlier removal) completed a midline (Fz, Cz, Pz) qEEG protocol comprising (i) 5 minutes of resting baseline, (ii) 5 minutes after a congruent low-load (LL) Stroop test and (iii) 5 minutes after an incongruent high-load (HL) Stroop test. Voltage amplitude (µV) and mode frequency (Hz) were extracted for theta (4-7 Hz), alpha (8-12 Hz), low-beta (12-20 Hz) and high-beta (20-30 Hz) bandwidths. Derived ratios, θ/β, α/β, θ/α and high-β/low-β, plus a frontal-posterior theta ratio (Fz/Pz), were analyzed with paired t-tests and repeated-measures ANOVA. Outliers were removed using a strict |z| &gt; 2 threshold applied to every site-specific metric. Results Significant Baseline → LL load sensitivity was found for alpha-dominant (mode) frequency. The dominant frequencies, voltage amplitudes and voltage amplitude ratios for the other bandwidths (θ, low-β, high-β) were nonsignificant and therefore not load sensitive. None of the markers exhibited significant changes from LL → HL. Alpha voltage amplitudes were found to be higher at Pz than at Cz and Fz, exhibiting posterior dominant site sensitivity. High-β/low-β and θ/β ratios were found to be higher at Fz and Cz than at Pz, exhibiting frontal dominant site sensitivity. Conclusion These findings suggest significant Stroop testing-related qEEG changes in medical students trained to answer complex MCQs under time constraints. Alpha dominant frequency was found to be load sensitive but site insensitive. Load insensitivity of alpha voltage amplitude, θ/β ratio and high-β/low-β ratio at the Cz, Fz and Pz midline recording sites suggests site specificity of these variables. These findings appear to support the hypothesis that the site-specific topographic markers alpha voltage amplitude, θ/β and high-β/low-β ratio may be useful for characterizing responses to Stroop testing. However, the load sensitivity of alpha dominant frequency measured at the Cz, Fz and Pz midline recording sites may be useful for workload tracking to identify and remediate information-processing problems. These preliminary findings should be interpreted cautiously pending larger studies of cognitive loading in other populations of learners trained to take high-sta","PeriodicalId":93960,"journal":{"name":"Cureus","volume":"17 6","pages":"e86277"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12175644/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144328186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Promising Role of Probiotics in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Their Implication in Reducing Coronary Artery Disease: A Literature Review.","authors":"Rahma Hashish, Khaled Agha Tabari, Shivling S Swami, Alousious Kasagga, Amanuel Kefyalew Assefa, Maysaa N Amin, Ann Kashmer Yu","doi":"10.7759/cureus.86292","DOIUrl":"10.7759/cureus.86292","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains one of the most common causes of mortality across the globe, which is strongly associated with modifiable risk factors such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. The role of the gut microbiota in influencing these factors has been established recently. Probiotics, which can modulate gut microbiota, have been investigated as a potential strategy to reduce cardiovascular risk. This review aims to evaluate current evidence on the role of probiotics in reducing CAD risk factors and to explore the mechanisms through which probiotics may support cardiovascular health. This narrative review was conducted using studies published within the last five years. The search included databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline, and ResearchGate. The selection focused on randomized controlled trials (RCTs), meta-analyses, and reviews that examined the impact of probiotics on CAD and its associated risk factors. Findings from several RCTs and meta-analyses show that probiotic supplementation is associated with improved lipid profiles (including lower LDL-C and triglycerides), better glycemic control, reduced inflammatory markers, and modest reductions in blood pressure and obesity measures. However, results across studies vary due to differences in sample size, duration, probiotic strains, and measured outcomes. Probiotics may offer a beneficial, non-pharmacological option to support conventional CAD therapies, particularly by targeting key modifiable risk factors. While early results are encouraging, further large-scale, long-term studies are necessary to confirm their clinical effectiveness and guide standardized recommendations.</p>","PeriodicalId":93960,"journal":{"name":"Cureus","volume":"17 6","pages":"e86292"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12176072/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144328188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chlamydia and Perihepatitis (Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome) in an 18-Year-Old Male: A Case Report.","authors":"Anup H Kotadia, Kenneth Raney","doi":"10.7759/cureus.86282","DOIUrl":"10.7759/cureus.86282","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Perihepatitis, a complication of pelvic inflammatory disease, is most commonly observed in women. This condition results from inflammation of the liver capsule, leading to scarring and adhesions in the abdominal cavity with associated complications. We present the case of an 18-year-old male with three months of abdominal pain. Upon admission, he was diagnosed with peritonitis, and imaging revealed extraluminal air in the liver vasculature. He was found to be positive for <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>, leading to a diagnosis of chlamydia and perihepatitis. Recognizing pelvic inflammatory disease-like intraabdominal infections in male patients is crucial, given it has the potential to cause lifelong intraabdominal complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":93960,"journal":{"name":"Cureus","volume":"17 6","pages":"e86282"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12175742/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144328172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Rare Case of Apple Peel Ileal Atresia With Coexisting Colonic Atresia: Surgical Management and Outcomes.","authors":"Aleksandra I Sadecka, Aleksandra Jasinska","doi":"10.7759/cureus.86290","DOIUrl":"10.7759/cureus.86290","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ileal atresia is one of the most frequent causes of congenital intestinal obstruction. Type IIIb, also known as apple peel atresia, is the least common subtype. Colonic atresia is a rare anomaly that can also cause neonatal intestinal obstruction. Both can coexist with other atypical malformations, further complicating diagnosis. The surgical management of these two gastrointestinal malformations differs between centers, and no standardized procedural guidelines currently exist. We present a case of a neonate born with apple peel ileal atresia coexisting with transverse colonic atresia, both successfully treated with primary anastomoses. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged with full oral feeding and regular bowel movements.</p>","PeriodicalId":93960,"journal":{"name":"Cureus","volume":"17 6","pages":"e86290"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12175975/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144328171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}