Cureus最新文献

{"title":"Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Periodontology: A Review.","authors":"Maitri S Patel, Santosh Kumar, Bhavin Patel, Shirishkumar N Patel, Gaurav A Girdhar, Hiren H Patadiya, Tanvi Hirani, Mainul Haque","doi":"10.7759/cureus.81162","DOIUrl":"10.7759/cureus.81162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial intelligence (AI) is changing each of the healthcare fields, including periodontology, through the improvement of every diagnosis, treatment plan, and the handling of all patients. AI-driven technologies such as machine learning, deep learning, and computer vision are incorporated into radiographic analysis, automated disease detection, and prognosis prediction. These improvements effectively enable the early detection of periodontal diseases and efficient classification of disease severity. In addition, they allow for specially personalized treatment approaches. AI makes automated periodontal charting, virtual patient monitoring, and decision support systems easier, which improve clinical outcomes and patient care. Despite its immense potential, many substantial difficulties remain, such as data privacy, algorithm reliability, and the meaningful need for clinical validation. This review indicates the revolutionary function of AI in many current dental works and explores all present uses, advantages, limits, and possibilities in periodontology.</p>","PeriodicalId":93960,"journal":{"name":"Cureus","volume":"17 3","pages":"e81162"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11935294/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143712599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pregnancy Rate Is High When the Length of the Luteal Phase During the In Vitro Fertilization Hormone Replacement Cycle Is 144 Hours or More Before Embryo Transfer.","authors":"Eiji Nishio, Shota Oikawa, Eriko Sakakibara, Miho Ishikawa, Kiriko Kotani, Hikari Yoshizawa, Hironori Miyamura, Takanori Hayashi, Haruki Nishizawa","doi":"10.7759/cureus.81185","DOIUrl":"10.7759/cureus.81185","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>When using assisted reproductive technology, there are cases where, despite the transfer of a good embryo, sometimes pregnancy may not be the case. Thus, during hormone replacement cycle implantation, it is important to synchronize the number of days of progesterone administration with the degree of embryo maturity. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of the administration of oral dydrogesterone for the duration of progestin use during the hormone replacement cycle for frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The primary outcome of this study was the clinical pregnancy rate. We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent frozen-thawed blastocyst transfers between January 2017 and December 2024. According to our standard protocol, a vitrified-warmed blastocyst transfer was performed using dydrogesterone, which was administered orally at our center. A total of 554 cases were included in the study. Using the Gardner classification to evaluate the quality of blastocysts, grade AA was classified as the best quality, the AB/BA group as good quality, and the BB group as fair quality. We classified the 554 cases into 317 AA, 163 AB/BA, and 74 BB cases using the Gardner classification. Based on the duration of progestin administration, patients were divided into four groups: 120 hours (120 h), 132 hours (132 h), 144 hours (144 h), and 156 hours (156 h). We used the Shapiro-Wilk method and the Steel-Dwass test to determine whether there were differences in patients' background age and BMI among the four groups (120 h, 132 h, 144 h, and 156 h). We used Fisher's exact test and the Bonferroni method to determine whether there were differences in the final outcome of pregnancy rate between the four groups of 120 h, 132 h, 144 h, and 156 h.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the analysis of all embryos, the pregnancy rate at each timepoint of the primary evaluation was significantly higher in the 144-h group than in the 132-h group. Next, on analyzing the results by embryo grade, there was no difference in the pregnancy rate at each timepoint in the AA group. In the AB/BA group, the pregnancy rate was higher in the 144-h group than in the 132-h group. In the BB group, the pregnancy rate was higher in the 144-h group than in the 132-h group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study clarified two aspects. First, the pregnancy rate in the 144-h group was significantly higher than that in the 132-h group in the analysis of all embryos. Second, the window of implantation may be more important for poor-quality embryos. This study showed that the oral administration of dydrogesterone requires a window of implantation of at least 144 hours.</p>","PeriodicalId":93960,"journal":{"name":"Cureus","volume":"17 3","pages":"e81185"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11936491/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143712612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Phantom Platelet Problem: Unmasking Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA)-Induced Pseudo-Thrombocytopenia.","authors":"Enoch Chi Ngai Lim, Chi Eung Danforn Lim","doi":"10.7759/cureus.81211","DOIUrl":"10.7759/cureus.81211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-induced pseudo-thrombocytopenia (EDTA-PTCP) is an artefact caused by EDTA-dependent platelet clumping in laboratory testing. Unrecognized cases may lead to unnecessary investigations, diagnostic confusion, and inappropriate medical management. We present a case of EDTA-PTCP, a condition that is still commonly overlooked in clinical practice. A clinical suspicion should always be raised when a drop in platelet count in the blood is identified among otherwise asymptomatic patients. To confirm the diagnosis, serial platelet counts on alternative anticoagulants, i.e., citrate or heparin, and blood smear studies to check for platelet clumping have to be performed. EDTA-PTCP awareness is vital to prevent patients from unnecessary medical procedures and investigations. Early recognition of this diagnostic artefact and its treatment using the appropriate diagnostic methods will help clinicians avoid misinterpreting laboratory findings. This leads to precise management of affected patients and reduces unnecessary patient anxiety, mismanagement, and healthcare costs.</p>","PeriodicalId":93960,"journal":{"name":"Cureus","volume":"17 3","pages":"e81211"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11947505/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Physical Fitness Following a 12-Week Physical Exercise Program Among Adults Attending Wellness Centers at the Primary Health Care Corporation, Qatar: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Anees A Alyafei, Aysha H Hussein, Hind Daoud Abdel Haleem AlDaoud, Stephanie E Escarmoso, Sara Tariq Al Abdulla","doi":"10.7759/cureus.81096","DOIUrl":"10.7759/cureus.81096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background Physical fitness (PF) is a critical determinant of health, influencing cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength, and overall metabolic function. In Qatar, sedentary lifestyles and physical inactivity are prevalent, contributing to increasing rates of obesity and non-communicable diseases. Structured physical exercise programs, integrated into community wellness centers, offer a practical intervention to improve PF, yet their real-world effectiveness remains under-evaluated in the local context. Methods This retrospective study analyzed data from 739 adults who completed a 12-week structured physical exercise program at seven wellness centers operated by Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC), Qatar, between January 2022 and December 2023. The program consisted of three weekly supervised sessions combining aerobic and resistance exercises, with heart rate monitored to maintain moderate intensity (≥70% of maximum heart rate). Pre- and post-program assessments measured VO₂ max (using the Cooper 12-minute test), muscular endurance (push-ups, wall sit, plank), and anthropometric data of weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and fat mass. Paired t-tests assessed changes in the means before and after the physical exercise program, and correlation analysis explored relationships between fitness improvements and demographic or anthropometric factors. Results After 12 weeks, VO₂ max increased significantly (mean difference = 2.47 mL/kg/min; p < 0.001), alongside improvements in muscular endurance (push-ups: +4 reps; wall sit: +18 seconds; plank: +16.77 seconds; all p < 0.001). Significant reductions were observed in weight (-0.95 kg), BMI (-0.27 kg/m²), WC (men: -0.99 cm; women: -2.34 cm), and fat mass (-1.42 kg) (p < 0.001). Correlation analysis revealed a weak negative correlation between age and VO₂ max change (r = 0.061), indicating that younger participants tended to show more remarkable aerobic improvement. Higher BMI and fat mass also correlated negatively with VO₂ max gains (r = -0.094 and r = -0.083, respectively). At the same time, gender showed minimal correlation with fitness changes, suggesting that baseline body composition and age influence exercise response more than sex. Conclusion The structured 12-week exercise program significantly improved PF among adults in community wellness settings. These findings support integrating exercise prescriptions into primary care, to enhance population-level fitness and prevent chronic disease in Qatar.</p>","PeriodicalId":93960,"journal":{"name":"Cureus","volume":"17 3","pages":"e81096"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11932667/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143702536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship Between Plasma Fibrinogen Levels and the Severity of Diabetic Foot Ulcers in Diabetic Patients.","authors":"Zahir Khan, Shah Zeb, Ashraf, Rumman, Amjad Ali, Fazal Aleem, Fatima Omair","doi":"10.7759/cureus.81118","DOIUrl":"10.7759/cureus.81118","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Background Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a common and debilitating complication of diabetes mellitus, often leading to hospitalization, amputation, and reduced quality of life. Monitoring biomarkers that reflect inflammatory processes can be crucial for assessing DFU severity and guiding treatment. This study explores the relationship between plasma fibrinogen levels and DFU severity, along with its association with various clinical and inflammatory biomarkers. Objective To assess the relationship between plasma fibrinogen levels and DFU severity, vascular health, infection risk, and other biomarkers in diabetic patients, with the aim of improving the prediction and management of DFU outcomes. Methods A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted at Mardan Medical Complex from June 2024 to January 2025, involving 93 diabetic patients with active DFUs. The severity of DFUs was classified using the Wagner system, and vascular health was assessed using the Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) and Doppler ultrasound. Plasma fibrinogen levels, along with other biomarkers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and fasting blood glucose, were measured through fasting blood samples. Data analysis included statistical tests such as Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, ANOVA, Decision Trees, Box Plots, Violin Plot, Histograms, and Regression models to explore the associations between fibrinogen levels and DFU severity, vascular impairment, and inflammatory markers. Significance was set at p &lt; 0.05. Results The study examined 93 diabetic patients (mean age: 59.02 ± 7.86 years), comprising 49 males (52.68%) and 44 females (46.32%). Among the participants, 28 (30.11%) presented with severe ulcers (Wagner Grade 5), and 53 (56.99%) exhibited critical ischemia. Bacterial infections were identified in 71 (76.34%) of the patients. The mean plasma fibrinogen level was significantly elevated at 681 ± 160 mg/dL, surpassing the normal range. Plasma fibrinogen levels increased with ulcer severity, with medians of 503.51 mg/dL for Wagner Grade 2, 623.45 mg/dL for grade 3, 627.32 mg/dL for grade 4, and 720.77 mg/dL for grade 5 ulcers. Higher fibrinogen levels were also associated with greater ulcer depth (p = 0.046). Additionally, vascular impairment was significantly correlated with fibrinogen levels, with non-palpable pedal pulses and severe peripheral arterial disease showing associations with elevated fibrinogen levels (p = 0.0083 and p = 0.0478, respectively). Furthermore, fibrinogen levels were positively correlated with CRP (r = 0.50) and with comorbidities such as hypertension in 66 (70.97%) patients and chronic kidney disease in 20 (21.51%) patients. Conclusion Plasma fibrinogen levels are strongly associated with DFU severity and could serve as an effective biomarker for predicting disease progression. Monitoring fibrinogen, along with other biomarkers, may help clinicians stratify patients based on their risk of complications and","PeriodicalId":93960,"journal":{"name":"Cureus","volume":"17 3","pages":"e81118"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11947524/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Status of Low-Birth-Weight Infants in Japan.","authors":"Shunji Suzuki, Atsuo Itakura, Jun Takeda, Naho Morisaki","doi":"10.7759/cureus.81008","DOIUrl":"10.7759/cureus.81008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objective In this study, we examined the recent trends in neonatal birth weight in Japan with the precise gestational age distinctions of 39 weeks, which is the period internationally considered to be the most optimal for delivery based on the perinatal outcomes. Materials and methods Firstly, we calculated the frequency of low-birth-weight (LBW) infants beyond 22 weeks of gestation in Japan using the birth notifications from 2000, 2010, and 2020. Secondary, we analyzed the birth weight trends of the first singleton male and female infants born to primiparous women at 39 weeks of gestation. Results The frequency of LBW infants increased significantly in 2010 compared to 2000 (odds ratio 1.13, 95% confidence interval 1.12-1.14, p < 0.01); however, it decreased significantly in 2020 (odds ratio 0.952, 95% confidence interval 0.943-0.961, p < 0.01), although it did not reach the level in 2000 (p < 0.01). The average neonatal birth weight born to primiparous women at 39 weeks of gestation in 2010 was significantly lower than in 2000 (p < 0.01); however, in 2020 it was significantly higher than in 2000 although some differences were observed between the neonatal sexes (p < 0.01). Conclusion The frequency of LBW infants has been declining from 2010 to 2020 in Japan. In addition, the average neonatal birth weight born to primiparous women at 39 weeks of gestation in 2020 was significantly higher than in 2010.</p>","PeriodicalId":93960,"journal":{"name":"Cureus","volume":"17 3","pages":"e81008"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11932166/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143702540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospective Evaluation of the Safety and Compression Performance of Novel Compression Denim Jeans in Healthy Volunteers and Patients With Lymphedema.","authors":"Daiki Ousaka, Kiyoshi Yamada, Noriko Sakano, Satoe Kirino, Kazumasa Miyake, Takumi Takahashi, Akihiro Matsuoka, Shintaro Yamada, Akira Shinaoka, Susumu Oozawa","doi":"10.7759/cureus.80971","DOIUrl":"10.7759/cureus.80971","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The treatment of lower-extremity lymphedema, whether congenital or acquired, remains challenging. Long-term management aimed at reducing complications and maximizing quality of life is essential. Compression stockings are crucial in this management; however, their application is limited by patient experience (ease of wear, texture, breathability, and appearance). This highlights the need to evaluate alternative compression garments that maintain therapeutic efficacy while improving patient adherence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We developed a novel compression denim product (Flow plus Jeans®) using advanced sewing technology. Its baseline performance (compression ability) was evaluated by measuring pressure gradients at three points (ankle, calf, and thigh) using a mannequin-based compression testing system and compared with those of existing stockings. Thereafter, a safety assessment was conducted on healthy volunteers to evaluate potential adverse effects, including changes in lower limb circumference, signs of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) via ultrasound, and skin complications. A clinical trial in patients with lymphedema was then performed to compare its efficacy with that of conventional compression stockings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Baseline performance testing with a mannequin revealed that Flow plus Jeans demonstrated compression levels and pressure gradients at three calf points comparable to those of standard compression stockings. A safety study involving nine healthy volunteers confirmed that Flow plus Jeans caused no significant changes in lower-limb circumferences after three days of wear, with no cases of DVT or skin complications. In a subsequent clinical trial involving nine female patients with lymphedema, the jeans showed non-inferiority to existing stockings concerning lower-limb circumference measurements at six points (pre-use vs. six months post-use), with patient-reported experiences assessed via questionnaires. Notably, patients reported enhanced satisfaction regarding the jeans' fashionability, which could serve as an incentive for long-term adherence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that Flow plus Jeans represent a promising novel option for the long-term management of lymphedema, offering an alternative that balances medical efficiency with improved patient satisfaction and demonstrates safety in healthy individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":93960,"journal":{"name":"Cureus","volume":"17 3","pages":"e80971"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11930548/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143702538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid Reversal of Forearm Supinator Rigidity With Topical Isomerized Potassium Linoleate: A Novel Perspective on Microbiome-Induced Tetany.","authors":"David G Changaris","doi":"10.7759/cureus.80896","DOIUrl":"10.7759/cureus.80896","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microbes can alter host behavior, immunity, and neurological function at a distance without extension into the brain and spinal cord. Clostridia provides a predicate for such an infection in the periphery by causing \"lock jaw\" and generalized tetany. This case series presents five patients who showed rigidity or tetany of the forearm. All were diagnosed with vertigo of central origin by video nystagmography (VNG) and posturography. Each had an apparent slow-rolling tetany, most visible in the forearm. Each had a consistent focus of pain within the supinator, diminution of extended wrist rotation, and tender, taut bands. None had clinical evidence of injury to the ulnar, radial, or median nerves, ulnar epicondyles, or wrist. The author applied a commercial preparation of a cleanser containing isomerized potassium linoleate (KCLA) to the skin overlying the forearm's biceps, supinator, and pronator as an \"alternative\" medical approach to refractory rigidity and tenderness. The tenderness resolved within two to four minutes. After 3-10 minutes, follow-on extended wrist rotation improved toward the norm (p < 0.01). The improved range of motion lasted beyond discharge from the clinic visit. The rapid response in this series suggests the commensal skin biome may contribute to clinical tetany in the forearm supinator.</p>","PeriodicalId":93960,"journal":{"name":"Cureus","volume":"17 3","pages":"e80896"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11925388/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Durability Between Rezum Water Vapor Therapy and UroLift in Treating Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Multicenter Propensity Score-Matched Analysis.","authors":"Chye-Yang Lim, Chih-Cheng Lai, Ya-Wen Tsai","doi":"10.7759/cureus.80914","DOIUrl":"10.7759/cureus.80914","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background Rezum water vapor therapy and UroLift are among the minimally invasive surgical therapies (MISTs) gaining popularity in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). This study aims to evaluate and compare the reintervention rates, a measure of durability, for Rezum water vapor therapy and UroLift as MISTs for BPH. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the TriNetX Global Collaborative Network, a large database of electronic health records from January 2014 to June 2024. Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) and International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision codes (ICD-10) were used to build the cohorts of men aged over 18 years who underwent either Rezum water vapor therapy or UroLift. Reintervention rates and complication profiles were evaluated over a follow-up period of up to five years. Results Cumulative reintervention rates were collected for both Rezum water vapor therapy and UroLift at the 1st, 3rd, and 5th years (2.83% vs. 3.59%, 5.99% vs. 8.76%, 6.81% vs. 10.85%). The average annual increase rate was 1% for Rezum water vapor therapy compared with 1.82% for UroLift, respectively. Most complications were more prominent in the Rezum water vapor therapy group, with urinary retention accounting for 23.42%. Discussion Rezum water vapor therapy demonstrates a more durable effect with lower reintervention rates compared to UroLift, based on this large multicenter cohort study. The higher reintervention rate observed with UroLift may reflect differences in the mechanisms of action between the two procedures. Conclusions These findings elucidate the superiority of Rezum water vapor therapy in sustaining the therapeutic effect over the long term compared to UroLift. However, more complications were noted in the Rezum water vapor therapy group. Thus, clinicians should take into account the durability and complication profiles in shared decision-making when considering MISTs for BPH.</p>","PeriodicalId":93960,"journal":{"name":"Cureus","volume":"17 3","pages":"e80914"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927518/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143694905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causality of Childhood and Adult Body Mass Index on Sick Sinus Syndrome: A Mendelian Randomization Study.","authors":"Guanzhen Xu, Zhuang Liu, Ping Hou","doi":"10.7759/cureus.80913","DOIUrl":"10.7759/cureus.80913","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background The relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the risk of sick sinus syndrome (SSS) remains unclear. Clarifying the impact of BMI on SSS at different life stages is essential for advancing precision medicine and implementing effective prevention strategies to reduce the burden of SSS. Methods The causalities of childhood and adult BMI with SSS were investigated by univariate and multivariate Mendelian randomization. Reverse causalities were also explored to improve the accuracy of causality findings. Different sources of exposure data were used for replication analysis, and the effects of sample overlap were investigated using MRlap. The stability of the results was further enhanced through meta-analysis. Results There was a positive correlation of adult BMI with the risk of SSS in both the FinnGen (odds ratio (OR) = 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.35, P = 0.031) and Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) open genome-wide association study (GWAS) project (OR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.04-1.34, P = 0.009) databases. The causality remained valid after the correction of telomere length. There was no causality detected between childhood BMI and SSS, as determined by independent studies of the Early Growth Genetics (EGG) 2020 (OR = 1.06, 95% CI 0.89-1.27, P = 0.513) and EGG2015 (OR = 1.02, 95% CI 0.97-1.09, P = 0.423). Meta-analysis results further confirmed the reliability of the causal inference. Conclusions The findings indicate that elevated BMI in adults, particularly among middle-aged and elderly populations, increases the risk of developing SSS. In contrast, no causal relationship was observed between childhood BMI and SSS, suggesting that the influence of BMI on SSS susceptibility may predominantly emerge during later life stages. These results highlight the need for targeted public health interventions to address adult obesity as a modifiable risk factor for SSS.</p>","PeriodicalId":93960,"journal":{"name":"Cureus","volume":"17 3","pages":"e80913"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11929112/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143694889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}