Cureus最新文献

{"title":"Early Thoracotomy and Decortication in Pleural Empyema.","authors":"Arvind Kohli, Vishal V Bhende, Amit Chaudhary, Viral B Patel, Mathangi Krishnakumar, Swati Roy","doi":"10.7759/cureus.93879","DOIUrl":"10.7759/cureus.93879","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background and aim Pleural empyema remains a serious complication of pulmonary infections, with high morbidity and mortality if not managed effectively. While antibiotics and drainage are sufficient in the early stages, chronic empyema often requires surgical intervention. This study evaluates the outcomes of early thoracotomy and decortication for pleural empyema at a tertiary cardiac center in India. Methods A retrospective observational study was conducted on nine patients who underwent early thoracotomy and decortication between 2018 and 2024. Demographics, radiological findings, etiology, complications, survival, and follow-up outcomes were analyzed. Survival and event-free survival were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results Six patients were female (66.7%), and three were male (33.3%). Four patients underwent right-sided, four left-sided, and one bilateral decortication. Six patients (66.7%) had moderate pleural fluid, three (33.3%) had large fluid collections, and all nine (100%) had pleural thickening ≥2 cm. Etiologies included non-tuberculosis (TB; n = 7; 77.8%) and TB (n = 2; 22.2%). Postoperative complications occurred in three patients (33.3%), including prolonged air leak (n = 2) and superficial wound infection (n = 1). One patient (11.1%) died from nosocomial pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and septic shock. Kaplan-Meier estimated survival probability was 88.9% at 30 days and remained stable at 12 months. Event-free survival at 12 months was 66.7%. The median hospital stay was 12 days (range, 8-21). All survivors demonstrated satisfactory lung re-expansion with no recurrence during three to 12 months of follow-up. Conclusions Early thoracotomy and decortication is a safe and effective treatment for advanced-stage pleural empyema, yielding favorable survival and functional outcomes. Despite advances in minimally invasive surgery, thoracotomy remains indispensable for selected patients, particularly in TB-endemic regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":93960,"journal":{"name":"Cureus","volume":"17 10","pages":"e93879"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12497427/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145240662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and Ophthalmological Characteristics and Therapeutic Management of Patients With Sarcoidosis.","authors":"Karla I Llerenas-Aguirre, Bruno Taboada Moreno, Luis P Orozco Gómez","doi":"10.7759/cureus.93898","DOIUrl":"10.7759/cureus.93898","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objective This study aimed to describe the clinical and ophthalmological characteristics, therapeutic management, and visual outcomes of patients with sarcoidosis at a tertiary referral center in Mexico over 10 years. Patients and methods This retrospective case series included patients diagnosed with sarcoidosis between 2015 and 2025 at Centro Médico Nacional \"20 de Noviembre.\" Diagnosis was based on clinical, radiological, and histopathological criteria aligned with the World Association of Sarcoidosis and Other Granulomatous Disorders (WASOG) and the International Workshop on Ocular Sarcoidosis (IWOS) guidelines. Patients with complete records and at least one ophthalmologic evaluation were included. Data on demographics, systemic and ocular involvement, comorbidities, and treatments were collected and analyzed descriptively. Results Eight patients (75% female; median age: 67 years) were included, reflecting the rarity of sarcoidosis in our setting. Ocular involvement was present in five patients (62.5%). Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) was the most common manifestation, affecting four patients (50%), all bilaterally. Two patients (25%) presented with bilateral non-granulomatous anterior uveitis, one of whom progressed to panuveitis with peripheral chorioretinal lesions and uveitic macular edema. An asymptomatic solitary choroidal granuloma was identified in one patient (12.5%) through clinical examination and optical coherence tomography (OCT)-enhanced depth imaging (EDI). Visual acuity (VA) was assessed only in the five patients who underwent ophthalmologic evaluation; the remaining three were not assessed, as ophthalmologic consultation was not requested, likely due to the absence of ocular symptoms at presentation. Among evaluated patients, 37.5% had normal visual acuity, 25% had mild impairment, and one patient (12.5%) had severe visual loss. All patients received corticosteroids: 87.5% systemically and 25% via topical, periocular, or intravitreal routes. Immunosuppressive therapy was used in 75% (50% methotrexate, 25% azathioprine), and one patient (12.5%) received biologic therapy (adalimumab). Follow-up ranged from three to 10 years (median: five years), with two patients currently under active treatment for ocular sarcoidosis after three years of follow-up. Conclusions Ocular involvement was common in our cohort and, in some cases, represented the initial manifestation of sarcoidosis. KCS was the most frequently observed ocular finding. While quantitative VA data were limited, most evaluated patients maintained good visual function. Systemic corticosteroids were the mainstay of treatment, with immunosuppressants and biologics reserved for refractory cases. Given the potential for asymptomatic ocular disease, routine ophthalmologic evaluation is recommended for all patients with sarcoidosis, regardless of the presence of ocular symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":93960,"journal":{"name":"Cureus","volume":"17 10","pages":"e93898"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12497921/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145245915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depression and Anxiety as Predictors of Quality of Life in Osteoarthritis Patients.","authors":"Yashar Mashayekhi, Sara Baba-Aissa, Amanuel Kefyalew Assefa, Francis T Mutamba, Aamir Mohamed Nur, Zuhaib Y Shahid, Naheemat Mofolasayo Salimon, Ahmad Habahbeh, Niamat Ali, Ibrahim M Shandi, Racha Al Niazi, Fatima Habib","doi":"10.7759/cureus.93872","DOIUrl":"10.7759/cureus.93872","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong> Osteoarthritis (OA) is among the most common chronic joint disorders, which not only causes pain and disability, but also adversely impacts the psychological health and the quality of life (QoL). Depression and anxiety are commonly reported in OA patients, but their use as predictors of QoL has not been fully explored in Pakistan. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether depression and anxiety have a predictive effect on QoL in OA patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong> A cross-sectional study was conducted between July and August 2025 among 300 adult OA patients recruited through community health centers, outpatient clinics in Sargodha and Lahore, Pakistan, and orthopaedic departments. The tools used to collect data were a structured questionnaire, consisting of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36). Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, independent t-tests, one-way ANOVA, chi-square tests, and multiple linear regression were used to evaluate relationships between psychological and QoL.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The study population consisted primarily of female patients (N = 240, 80%), with half being older than 65 years (N = 150, 50%). There was a significant correlation between anxiety and depression with lower QoL (r = -0.356 and r = -0.482, respectively; p < 0.001). Women were found to have average anxiety and depression and a low QoL score relative to that of men (p < 0.001). Older age was linked to greater depression and anxiety and less QoL (p < 0.001). Regression analysis revealed a significant predictor of poor QoL as depression (β = -0.245, p = 0.001), anxiety (β = -0.145, p = 0.003), older age, female gender, longer duration of disease, location of OA, and current treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Depression and anxiety became powerful predictors of poor QoL among OA patients, and depression had a more substantial effect. The results emphasise the need to integrate psychological evaluation and care into the regular OA treatment to enhance patient outcomes. Both physical and mental health care should be given on a holistic basis to improve the QoL of this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":93960,"journal":{"name":"Cureus","volume":"17 10","pages":"e93872"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12498169/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145245960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Non-antibiotic Interventions for Preventing Urinary Tract Infections During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Shivani Srivastava, Shreekar Roddam, Deepshikha Srivastava, Abdulmumini Shehu, Khyathi Krishna Gogineni, Ruchit Singla, Ahmed Owolabi, Basma Alleelwa, Aliyu O Olaniyi, Olabisi P Lawal","doi":"10.7759/cureus.93874","DOIUrl":"10.7759/cureus.93874","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common health concern in pregnancy and often require antibiotic therapy. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) resulting from antibiotic misuse is a major public health challenge, and non-antibiotic interventions (NAIs) may provide a safer means of prevention. This systematic review evaluated non-antibiotic strategies for preventing UTIs during pregnancy as a way to reduce antibiotic prescribing and combat AMR. The review aims to evaluate the role of NAIs in preventing UTIs during pregnancy, with a focus on their potential to reduce antibiotic prescribing and AMR within the NHS care system. A systematic search of Ovid Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus identified studies that compared NAIs to a placebo, usual treatment, or no intervention. Eligible studies included randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, and other relevant designs. Study quality was assessed using established appraisal tools, and a narrative synthesis was conducted due to intervention heterogeneity. Eight studies met the inclusion criteria, examining cranberry products, Mediterranean diet, OM-89 (an oral immunostimulant also known as Uro-Vaxom), ascorbic acid, and knowledge-based interventions. Evidence from seven studies suggests that NAIs may reduce UTI incidence, but the findings are limited, and further research is needed to confirm their effectiveness during pregnancy. The review concludes that NAIs, particularly cranberry products and the Mediterranean diet, may reduce UTI incidence during pregnancy and offer a promising strategy to limit antibiotic use and AMR. However, given the methodological limitations and low quality of available evidence, further high-quality research is required to establish the safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of these therapies in pregnant women.</p>","PeriodicalId":93960,"journal":{"name":"Cureus","volume":"17 10","pages":"e93874"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12497408/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145240643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum Vitamin D Level and Disease Activity in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.","authors":"Aye Thin Zar Oo, Wint Thandar Oo, Kyaw L Tun, Aung K Myint, May Thu Zar Aye, Nandar E Khin, Khin Pyae Sone, Pyae Sonn","doi":"10.7759/cureus.93853","DOIUrl":"10.7759/cureus.93853","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with variable clinical manifestations and disease activity. Emerging evidence suggests that vitamin D may play a role in immune regulation and disease pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the association between serum vitamin D levels and disease activity in patients with SLE at Mandalay General Hospital.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 60 patients diagnosed with SLE. Disease activity was assessed using the Systemic Lupus Activity Measure (SLAM) score. Serum vitamin D levels were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at the National Health Laboratory, Mandalay. Patients were categorized into active and inactive disease groups based on SLAM scores, and intergroup comparisons were made.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 60 patients, the majority (43.3%) were aged 21-30 years, with a mean ± SD age of 25.77 ± 7.98 years. Female patients predominated (98.3%; female-to-male ratio 59:1). The mean SLAM score was 9.25 ± 2.94. Common clinical features included anaemia (56.7%), skin rash (33.3%), mucosal ulcers (16.7%), arthritis (16.7%), serositis (11.7%), vasculitis (11.7%), and neuropsychiatric lupus (5%). Patients with active disease had significantly lower serum vitamin D levels (12.2 ± 1.36 ng/mL) compared to those with inactive disease (26.1 ± 10.22 ng/mL; t = 5.55, p < 0.0001). A moderate inverse correlation was observed between SLAM scores and vitamin D levels (Pearson's r = -0.51, p < 0.0001), suggesting a clinically meaningful association between lower vitamin D levels and higher disease activity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates a moderate inverse relationship between serum vitamin D levels and SLE disease activity. These findings suggest that vitamin D may serve as a potential biomarker for disease monitoring. However, due to the cross-sectional design and relatively small sample size, causality cannot be established. Further longitudinal studies are recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":93960,"journal":{"name":"Cureus","volume":"17 10","pages":"e93853"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12496543/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145240698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasonographic Predictors of Difficult Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.","authors":"Ibrahim Asim, Ahmed Taymour Algahiny, Omar HeshamEldin Abouelella, Malak Mohamed Refaat Shehab El Din, Omar Samir Mohamed Megahed Saleh Elmitwalli, Mohamed Bakr Elnagar, Haya Khaled Ali Abdulla AlKhalifa, Ahmed Mostafa Abdalla Mohamed, Hosam Alazazzi","doi":"10.7759/cureus.93870","DOIUrl":"10.7759/cureus.93870","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the gold-standard treatment for gallstone disease, but some procedures become technically challenging, resulting in longer operative times, higher conversion rates, and increased complications. Accurate preoperative prediction is essential for safe surgical planning. This review summarizes current evidence on ultrasonographic predictors of difficult LC (DLC) and evaluates validated ultrasound-based scoring systems for preoperative risk stratification. Ultrasound remains the first-line modality for gallbladder assessment and provides several key predictors of surgical difficulty: gallbladder wall thickness (GBWT) consistently demonstrates the strongest independent association with DLC, correlating with conversion and postoperative complications. Pericholecystic fluid, though less frequent, is highly specific for severe inflammation and complex cases. Gallstone impaction at the neck or Hartmann's pouch is a stronger predictor than stone multiplicity. Abnormal gallbladder size, whether contracted or distended, complicates dissection, while common bile duct dilatation serves as a secondary predictor. Several scoring systems combine these sonographic features with clinical variables such as age, sex, obesity, and prior inflammation, helping achieve stronger predictive accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":93960,"journal":{"name":"Cureus","volume":"17 10","pages":"e93870"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12498261/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145246136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Esketamine in a Patient With Major Depressive Disorder and Polysubstance Use: A Case Report.","authors":"Abdelazim Ali, Nahida Ahmed, Sona Varghese","doi":"10.7759/cureus.93876","DOIUrl":"10.7759/cureus.93876","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Major depressive disorder (MDD) frequently co-occurs with substance use disorders (SUDs), leading to poorer outcomes and limited options. Esketamine is approved for treatment-resistant depression (TRD); its effects on craving and abstinence in SUD are less explored. A 41-year-old man with recurrent MDD (suicidal ideation) and polysubstance use (daily morphine/prescription opioids; intermittent methamphetamine) failed multiple antidepressants and engaged in opioid-seeking behavior. Intranasal esketamine was initiated adjunctive to the ongoing oral antidepressant. At one month, depressive symptoms and craving markedly improved. At two months, he achieved abstinence from opioids and methamphetamine. At four months, he returned to work and started a business. At six months, he remained euthymic and abstinent. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scores dropped progressively from 24 at baseline to 4 at six months. Tolerability was good (transient dizziness, mild dissociation). Beyond rapid antidepressant effects, esketamine may reduce craving via glutamatergic modulation and synaptic plasticity. In conclusion, esketamine may offer dual benefits in TRD with comorbid SUD; however, controlled studies are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":93960,"journal":{"name":"Cureus","volume":"17 10","pages":"e93876"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12499948/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145245979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unmasking the Masked: A Case Report of Atypical Methotrexate Toxicity Leading to Severe Bone Marrow Suppression.","authors":"Dipesh Karki, Roshna Shrestha, Asmi Pandey, Prashant Neupane","doi":"10.7759/cureus.93828","DOIUrl":"10.7759/cureus.93828","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Methotrexate (MTX), a cornerstone in the management of rheumatic diseases, can induce severe adverse effects if not monitored meticulously. This report details a rare case of MTX-induced severe bone marrow suppression in a 65-year-old female, highlighting the critical importance of dosing accuracy, especially in the elderly. The patient, diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, experienced an acute episode of toxicity due to a dosing error. This case underscores the necessity for stringent monitoring and patient education to prevent similar incidents.</p>","PeriodicalId":93960,"journal":{"name":"Cureus","volume":"17 10","pages":"e93828"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12495944/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145234756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anemia in Pregnancy: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes.","authors":"Lateefa O Aldakhil, Saleh Alobaid, Adnan T Almogbel, Saad M Alfouzan","doi":"10.7759/cureus.93807","DOIUrl":"10.7759/cureus.93807","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In Saudi Arabia, the reported prevalence of anemia in pregnancy varies considerably, reflecting differences in sociodemographic characteristics and nutritional status across study populations.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to (i) determine the prevalence of anemia at the first antenatal visit; (ii) assess prevalence across pregnancy trimesters; (iii) identify risk factors, including compliance with iron and multivitamin supplementation; and (iv) evaluate maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with anemia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a prospective cohort study at the antenatal clinic of King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between January 2020 and December 2022. Pregnant women attending their first antenatal visit were consecutively recruited and followed throughout pregnancy. Hemoglobin (Hb) was measured in each trimester, and anemia was defined according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Outcomes included postpartum hemorrhage (PPH, transfusion, preterm birth, low birth weight (LBW), and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission. Notably, Hb data were available for 220 women (21.9%) in the first trimester, primarily due to late booking. This limitation was acknowledged to ensure transparency regarding potential selection bias.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1003 women were included. The prevalence of anemia increased with gestational age: 26 women (11.8%) at the first visit, 105 women (14.4%) in the second trimester, and 289 women (28.8%) in the third trimester. Advancing gestational age was an independent predictor of anemia (adjusted OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.05, p = 0.007). Anemia was significantly associated with PPH (18 women (6.3%) vs. 23 women (3.6%), p = 0.047), but not with LBW or NICU admission. Iron supplementation increased progressively during pregnancy, but postpartum continuation was significantly lower among anemic women compared with non-anemic women (195 (67.5%) vs. 528 (83.4%), p = 0.035).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong> Anemia in pregnancy is common among Saudi women and is associated with maternal complications and suboptimal adherence to supplementation. Early screening, strategies to improve compliance, and culturally tailored nutritional counseling are essential to reduce risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":93960,"journal":{"name":"Cureus","volume":"17 10","pages":"e93807"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12497419/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145240657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Turning the Tide on Falls: A Narrative Review Toward Safer Aging.","authors":"Ramakant Yadav, Ajay Emani, Roopesh Kirar, Midhun Mohan","doi":"10.7759/cureus.93845","DOIUrl":"10.7759/cureus.93845","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Falls are a significant source of morbidity and mortality in the elderly, contributing to functional decline, loss of independence, and increased healthcare burden. Falls are an important public health problem that has a great effect on the quality of life of an individual. Peer-reviewed original and systematic review articles were sourced, which were published from January 2000 until January 2025 in the PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases using keywords and Boolean operators like AND, or OR, such as \"falls\", \"elderly\", \"definition\", \"management\", \"aetiology\", \"neurodegenerative diseases\", \"epilepsy and fall\", \"dementia and fall\", and prevention and diagnostic tests for postural instability and falls. This article integrates current guidelines and research to present a comprehensive review on falls in older adults, addressing epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, consequences, and multifaceted prevention strategies to guide clinicians and researchers.</p>","PeriodicalId":93960,"journal":{"name":"Cureus","volume":"17 10","pages":"e93845"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12496464/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145240650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}