Cureus最新文献

{"title":"The Effect of Self-Esteem on Attitudes Toward Aging in the Elderly.","authors":"Elif Özcan Tozoğlu, Nilifer Gürbüzer","doi":"10.7759/cureus.76899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.76899","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objective People's attitudes about aging are formed in early childhood, develop in adulthood, and are fully shaped in old age. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of self-esteem on attitudes toward aging in the elderly. Method A total of 264 people over the age of 65 without any known psychiatric or neurologic disease were included in the study. The sociodemographic data form, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) with 12 sub-dimensions, and Attitude to Aging Questionnaire (AAQ) with three sub-dimensions were applied to each participant. Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between quantitative variables. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to determine the factors predicting the attitude toward aging. Results A moderately significant negative relationship was found between the AAQ sub-dimension of psychosocial loss score and RSES sub-dimension self-esteem (r=-0.340, p=0<0.001), continuity of self-concept (r=-0.258, p<0.001), depressive affect (r=-0.423, p<0.001), and psychosomatic symptoms (r=-0.311, p<0.001). Self-esteem was found to be predictive of attitude toward aging. When sociodemographic factors were controlled, it was found that 25.6% of the variance in attitude toward psychosocial loss (R² change=25.6; p<0.001), 30.5% of the variance in attitude toward physical change (R² change=30.5; p<0.001), and 34.9% of the variance in attitude toward psychosocial development (R² change=34.9; p<0.001) could be explained by the specified sub-dimensions of RSES. Conclusion In our study, it was observed that self-esteem shaped from childhood to the present day is at least as effective as sociodemographic characteristics in the attitude toward aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":93960,"journal":{"name":"Cureus","volume":"17 1","pages":"e76899"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11700534/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142934310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Gagné's Instructional Design in Clinical Simulation: Enhancing Learning in Obstetric Emergency Management.","authors":"Akshatha Daniel, Kavitha Nagandla, Shriyaa Daniel","doi":"10.7759/cureus.76845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.76845","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Simulation-based learning is a critical component in medical education, particularly for high-risk scenarios like obstetric emergencies. This study utilized Gagné's nine-step instructional model to design and evaluate a clinical simulation session on postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) management for fourth-year medical students.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The session was structured using Gagné's instructional events, including engaging case vignettes, multimedia presentations, guided practical activities, and immediate feedback. Pre- and post-tests measured knowledge gains, while a 12-item Likert scale questionnaire assessed student satisfaction. A focus group discussion (FGD) was conducted to explore student perceptions and analyzed thematically to identify key areas for improvement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The session demonstrated significant knowledge improvement, with post-test scores (mean: 82.9%, 95% CI: 76.8-81.1) significantly higher than pre-test scores (mean: 68.4%, 95% CI: 60.7-66.1; p < 0.001). The instructional activities received high ratings (mean: 5/5), highlighting the alignment of objectives and content. The FGD thematic analysis revealed five key themes: \"learning effectiveness\", \"realism and application\", \"feedback and improvement\", \"session challenges\", and \"recommendations for enhancement\". Students suggested more diverse scenarios, extended debriefing sessions, and standardized feedback delivery.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The integration of Gagné's instructional model into simulation-based learning enhanced knowledge acquisition and student satisfaction. Recommendations for improvement include refining feedback mechanisms, increasing session diversity, and extending reflective discussions. This approach supports its utility in teaching critical obstetric skills and highlights opportunities for further enhancement.</p>","PeriodicalId":93960,"journal":{"name":"Cureus","volume":"17 1","pages":"e76845"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11697188/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142934233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pedicle Flap Combined With Soft Tissue Graft for the Management of an Isolated Deep Buccal Recession in Auto-Transplanted Maxillary Molar: A Case Report.","authors":"Muataz Banjar, Amal S Alqahtani, Raghad H Alsulami","doi":"10.7759/cureus.76880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.76880","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This case report introduced a new technique to manage buccal deep isolated recession with loss of keratinized tissue. This technique is indicated where there is a good amount of keratinized tissue lateral to the defect and deep vestibule. In this case report, a 27-year-old male patient was referred to a periodontal surgery clinic for the management of an 8 mm buccal recession with loss of keratinized tissue related to auto-transplanted maxillary molar that caused discomfort to the patient. The denuded root is covered by a laterally and coronally advanced flap combined with a soft tissue graft using only one vertical incision. This technique showed good results in gaining keratinized tissue with partial coverage of the root for the auto-transplanted maxillary molar. Further studies are recommended for the management of periodontally involved auto-transplanted teeth.</p>","PeriodicalId":93960,"journal":{"name":"Cureus","volume":"17 1","pages":"e76880"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11700545/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142934263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lumbar Spondylolysis After Posterior Corrective Fusion for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Report of Two Cases and Literature Review.","authors":"Takuya Nikaido, Yohei Matsuo, Kazuyuki Watanabe, Kinshi Kato, Hiroshi Kobayashi, Masataka Nakamura, Takuya Kameda, Yoichi Kaneuchi, Michiyuki Hakozaki, Miho Sekiguchi, Koji Otani, Shoji Yabuki, Yoshihiro Matsumoto","doi":"10.7759/cureus.76854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.76854","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>After corrective surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), patients can return to sports activities without restrictions. While there have been many reports of long-term disc degeneration between adjacent segments after posterior corrective fusion, the effects of sports activities on adjacent segments after corrective fusion surgery are not well understood. Particularly, cases of acquired spondylolysis after long fusion surgeries for scoliosis are rare. In this report, we present two cases of AIS in which patients continued to play badminton at a high-performance level following posterior corrective fusion surgery and developed lumbar spondylolysis in the lower instrumented adjacent vertebrae. We also discuss the factors that should be considered when returning to sports after corrective posterior fusion surgery for AIS.</p>","PeriodicalId":93960,"journal":{"name":"Cureus","volume":"17 1","pages":"e76854"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11697997/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142934256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Interdisciplinary Perspective on Improving Cancer Care in the State of Mississippi as an Example of Cancer Care Improvements in the Global South.","authors":"Madison L Jones, Srinivasan Vijayakumar, Mary R Nittala, Claude D Brunson","doi":"10.7759/cureus.76865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.76865","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer disparities, a critical public health issue, particularly in states such as Mississippi, where socioeconomic factors significantly influence health outcomes, require our collective attention. This paper delves into the multifaceted nature of cancer disparities through a macro-level analysis of cancer data, specifically focusing on Mississippi as a microcosm of broader national and global trends. Two key indices, the Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) and the Social Deprivation Index (SDeI), provide valuable insights. The former offers a macro-level understanding of the socioeconomic factors that shape health and cancer outcomes. The latter quantifies disadvantages in small areas, identifying regions that need scientific, policy, and administrative support. The poor health care and cancer care (CC) outcomes in Mississippi are well documented and detailed here. However, SDI and SDeI data are not yet available in Mississippi. With biological, technological, and clinical research design advancements and other new innovative strategies emerging in the past decade in CC, a 'leapfrogging' of CC outcomes in Mississippi is within our reach. To achieve this goal, an interdisciplinary approach (IDA) addressing and solving the challenges faced in Mississippi is required. The IDA team must include disciplines that can determine SDI and SDeI for Mississippi and tie those findings to successfully apply new technological advances and innovations efficiently and cost-effectively by building infrastructure and developing implementation strategies. This can serve as a pilot demonstration project that will also help other similar regions within the United States, as well as the Global South.</p>","PeriodicalId":93960,"journal":{"name":"Cureus","volume":"17 1","pages":"e76865"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11698381/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142934225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bayesian Estimation of the Probability of Virologic Failure on Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine Long-Acting in Real Life.","authors":"Sebastian Noe, Anna Ivanova, Farhad Schabaz, Ariane E von Krosigk, Carmen Wiese, Eva Wolf, Celia Jonson-Oldenbuettel","doi":"10.7759/cureus.76829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.76829","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background Virologic failure (VF) is still a major concern in the use of cabotegravir (CAB) and rilpivirine (RPV) long-acting (LA) for many healthcare professionals (HCP). While many results from clinical trials have been published, there is suspicion that they might underestimate the risk under less-controlled real-life conditions. This study aimed to estimate the probability of VF (primary objective) as well as discontinuation for any reason (secondary objective) among people with HIV (PWH) on CAB and RPV LA every two months (Q2M) in real life using Bayesian methodology.  Methods Bayesian estimation of VF based on prior knowledge about VF and discontinuation on CAB and RPV Q2M from randomized controlled trials (ATLAS-2M, SOLAR) and real-world data from CAB and RPV LA from a large single-center cohort. Results Among 175 PWH, two (1.1%) met the criteria of VF through week 48 (W48), resulting in an estimated risk of VF at W48 of 1.2% [0.6%; 1.9%] using Bayesian estimation. In one of the PWH, two-class resistance was observed at the time of VF, most likely being therapy emerging.  The probability of discontinuation for any reason by W48 was 21.4%, leading to a Bayesian risk estimate of 8.9% [7.3%; 10.5%]. The main reasons for discontinuation were injection-site reactions (n=10). Conclusions Risk of VF on CAB and RPV LA under real-life conditions seems to be comparable to results in clinical trials. This finding can be reassuring for both PWH and HCPs considering CAB and RPV LA as an alternative to oral antiretroviral treatment, particularly when considering the risk factors for VF that have been identified from the cases of VF in the clinical trials for patient selection. At the same time, rates of discontinuation may be considerably higher. However, this does not seem to be an indicator of a worse safety profile outside clinical trials, but probably could be the result of making CAB and RPV LA available to a wider population of PWH.</p>","PeriodicalId":93960,"journal":{"name":"Cureus","volume":"17 1","pages":"e76829"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11695962/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142934242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Remission Rate of Type 2 Diabetes Following Bariatric Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Adult Patients in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Bader Altulaihi, Ali M Sawlan, Nemer A Alwahbi, Bandar Alshahrani, Yazeed H Alrayani, Yazan H Alrayani","doi":"10.7759/cureus.76819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.76819","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Introduction Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder that poses significant health and economic burdens, particularly in regions like Saudi Arabia where prevalence rates are among the highest globally. Bariatric surgery has emerged as a promising intervention, not only for weight reduction but also for inducing diabetes remission. However, while the short-term benefits of the procedure are well documented, long-term outcomes remain under-explored, especially in Saudi populations. This study aims to evaluate the long-term remission rates of T2DM and weight measurements following bariatric surgery in adult Saudi patients in Riyadh. Methods Using a retrospective cohort design, this study analyzes medical records of patients aged 18-65 who underwent bariatric surgery in the period of 2016-2020 and assesses Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels pre and post-surgery and diabetes remission using American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria. The research also investigates factors influencing relapse rates and potential gender differences in remission outcomes. Results Out of 74 participants, the majority were females (53, 71.62%) compared to males (21, 28.37%). The mean BMI was recorded at 44.91 ± 6.68 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, indicating that participants generally fell within the obesity weight range. The mean HbA1c level prior to surgery was 8.70 ± 1.68, indicating suboptimal glycemic control at baseline. The mean HbA1c level decreased from 8.70 ± 1.68 before surgery to 6.76 ± 1.42 at the 12-month mark. The results indicated significant improvements in glycemic control post-surgery, as evidenced by the marked reduction in HbA1c levels at various time points (1 year, 2 years, etc.) with a p-value of 0.000. In terms of remission, the data showed a distinct result: out of 74 participants, only 20 participants (27%) achieved diabetes remission. Furthermore, seven participants (35%) out of the diabetic remission group experienced a relapse post-intervention and one participant achieved a second diabetes remission. In the assessment of risk factors for relapse, baseline BMI and gender were not strong factors in determining whether a patient experiences diabetes relapse post-surgery. As for weight measurements, the findings showed a steady increase in both Percent Excess Weight Loss (%EWL) and Percent Total Weight Loss (%TWL) in the initial years following surgery with no significant variations across the years, and the p-values were 0.710 and 0.446, respectively. For Percent Weight Regain (%WR), there was a significant and steady increase across the period, with values starting at 6.77 ± 11.8% at Year 2, increasing over the years, and peaking again at 26.64 ± 44.84% by Year 5, with a p-value of &lt; 0.001. Conclusion This study is consistent with previous studies and provides compelling evidence that bariatric surgery leads to substantial improvements in glycemic control and weight reduction among Saudi patients with T2DM. However, it shows a low","PeriodicalId":93960,"journal":{"name":"Cureus","volume":"17 1","pages":"e76819"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11696794/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142934273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sultan's Score: A Novel Predictive Score to Predict Complete Response Following Drug-Eluting Bead Chemoembolization.","authors":"Sultan R Alharbi","doi":"10.7759/cureus.76822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.76822","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is a well-known standard treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, the effectiveness of this treatment can vary among patients.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to develop a novel imaging-based prediction score (Sultan's score) to predict complete response after treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From January 2015 to 2021, 41 patients with solitary HCC, admitted at King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, were treated with drug-eluting TACE (DEBTACE). Clinical data, tumor details, treatment specifics, and outcomes were gathered retrospectively. Sultan's score incorporates five imaging-based elements, namely, well-defined tumor borders, presence of tumor capsule, tumor size, arterial hyper enhancement, and hypertrophic arterial feeder. The cut-off value of Sultan's score was determined by calculating the maximum Youden index using the receiver operating characteristic curve to accurately predict complete treatment response to DEBTACE.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Following two DEBTACE sessions, 28 (68.3%) and 13 (31.7%) patients showed complete and partial responses, respectively. The mean ± standard deviation and median (interquartile range) of the Sultan's score in patients with a complete treatment response were 3.93 ± 0.72 and 4 (4-4), and the corresponding values in patients with a partial response were 2.77 (0.93) and 3 (2-3.5), respectively. A cut-off value of 3.5 for the Sultan's score had a sensitivity and specificity of 78.6% and 76.9%, respectively, in predicting a complete treatment response. The area under the curve was 0.827 (95% confidence interval: 0.688-0.966).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We developed a novel imaging-based scoring system (Sultan's score) for predicting complete response in patients with HCC following DEBTACE.</p>","PeriodicalId":93960,"journal":{"name":"Cureus","volume":"17 1","pages":"e76822"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11698380/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142934279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evitatious Phenomenon: A Case Illustration and Proposed Research Criteria.","authors":"Jack R Dale","doi":"10.7759/cureus.76815","DOIUrl":"10.7759/cureus.76815","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article introduces the evitatious phenomenon, with a proposed research criteria for behaviors induced by stress-related avoidance in occupational and psychiatric settings. Evitatious Phenomenon is characterized by a conscious desire to avoid stressors, leading to unconscious behaviors that inadvertently result in avoidance. Unlike malingering or factitious disorder, evitatious phenomenon is not marked by intentional deception but rather by an unconscious process, filling a gap in the current understanding of stress-induced behaviors. Three brief illustrative cases are outlined.</p>","PeriodicalId":93960,"journal":{"name":"Cureus","volume":"17 1","pages":"e76815"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11695103/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142924289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychosocial and Economic Burden on Families of Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Correlation With Locomotor Severity.","authors":"Falak Naaz, Bibhu Prasad Nayak, Sumanta Panigrahi, Nirmal Kumar Mohakud","doi":"10.7759/cureus.76794","DOIUrl":"10.7759/cureus.76794","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong> Cerebral palsy (CP) is a condition that often has significant psychosocial and economic impacts on the caregivers of affected children.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to assess the association between the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level and the psychosocial and economic impact on caregivers of children with CP.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A hospital-based cross-sectional observational study was conducted on children with CP aged 2-14 years, admitted to the Inpatient Department (IPD) or attending the District Early Intervention Center (DEIC) for physiotherapy at a teaching hospital in Odisha, from December 2020 to November 2022. In DEIC, appropriate screening and therapy as per requirement is given to the high-risk infants. Early detection of CP is done. Children with CP come here with their parents for physiotherapy, occupational therapy, hearing, vision, and development assessment. Tools used included the GMFCS - Expanded and Revised (GMFCS-ER), a five-level classification system, the Modified Updated Kuppuswamy Socioeconomic Scale (2021) for socioeconomic status (SES), and the Pai and Kapur Family Burden Interview Scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 160 children with CP were included in the study, with 98 males and 62 females, resulting in a male-to-female ratio of 1.58:1. Out of 160 children with CP, the socioeconomic distribution showed that 73 (45.6%) belonged to the upper-lower class, 68 (42.5%) to the lower-middle class, 9 (5.6%) to the lower class, and 10 (6.3%) to the upper-middle class. Regarding functional levels of 160 children with CP, 22 (13.8%) of children were in GMFCS class I, 30 (18.8%) in class II, 16 (10%) in class III, 17 (10.6%) in class IV, and 75 (46.7%) in class V. Financially, out of 160 families of children with CP, 75 (46.9%) families were moderately burdened, 84 (52.5%) were severely burdened, and only 1 (0.6%) reported no financial burden. Regarding psychosocial impact, 94 (58.8%) families experienced moderate disruption of family leisure, while 44 (27.5%) experienced severe disruption. Physical health was moderately affected in 73 (45.6%) families, and 14 (8.8%) reported a severe impact. Mental health was moderately affected in 88 (55%)of families, while 33 (20.6%) experienced severe mental health issues. There was a statistically significant association between the GMFCS level of the child and the psychosocial and economic burden on families.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study concludes that higher GMFCS levels in children with CP are associated with a greater psychosocial and economic burden on their families.</p>","PeriodicalId":93960,"journal":{"name":"Cureus","volume":"17 1","pages":"e76794"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11694710/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142924290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}