Cureus最新文献

{"title":"Unraveling Pancreatic Cancer: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Global Trends.","authors":"Rana Muhammad Anss Bin Qadir, Musab Bin Umair, Umar Bin Tariq, Arslan Ahmad, Wajeeha Kiran, M Hasaan Shahid","doi":"10.7759/cureus.72816","DOIUrl":"10.7759/cureus.72816","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies, characterized by late diagnosis, rapid progression, and limited treatment options. This literature review comprehensively examines the epidemiology, risk factors, diagnostic challenges, treatment modalities, and prognosis of pancreatic cancer. It highlights the global disparities in incidence and outcomes, exploring the influence of socioeconomic, environmental, and genetic factors on disease progression. In addition, this review discusses recent advancements in diagnostic tools and treatment strategies, identifying gaps in current research and clinical practices. The synthesis aims to inform future research directions and policy-making efforts to reduce the global burden of pancreatic cancer and improve patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":93960,"journal":{"name":"Cureus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11528318/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142570691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Narrative Review of Acanthamoeba Isolates in Malaysia: Challenges in Infection Management and Natural Therapeutic Advancements.","authors":"Mohammad Wisman Abdul Hamid, Roslaini Bin Abd Majid, Victor Fiezal Knight Victor Ernest, Nik Noorul Shakira Mohamed Shakrin, Firdaus Mohamad Hamzah, Mainul Haque","doi":"10.7759/cureus.72851","DOIUrl":"10.7759/cureus.72851","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Acanthamoeba</i>,<i> </i>a free-living amoeba (FLA) found in diverse ecosystems, poses significant health risks globally, particularly in Malaysia. It causes severe infectious diseases, e.g., <i>Acanthamoeba </i>keratitis (AK), primarily affecting individuals who wear contact lenses, along with granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE), a rare but often life-threatening condition among immunocompromised individuals. AK has become increasingly prevalent in Malaysia and is linked to widespread environmental contamination and improper contact lens hygiene. Recent studies highlight <i>Acanthamoeba</i>'s capacity to serve as a \"Trojan horse\" for amoeba-resistant bacteria (ARBs), contributing to hospital-associated infections (HAIs). These symbiotic relationships and the resilience of <i>Acanthamoeba</i> cysts make treatment challenging. Current diagnostic methods in Malaysia rely on microscopy and culture, though molecular procedures like polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are employed for more precise detection. Treatment options remain limited due to the amoeba's cyst resistance to conventional therapies. However, recent advancements in natural therapeutics, including using plant extracts such as betulinic acid from <i>Pericampylus glaucus</i> and chlorogenic acid from <i>Lonicera japonica</i>, have shown promising in vitro results. Additionally, nanotechnology applications, mainly using gold and silver nanoparticles to enhance drug efficacy, are emerging as potential solutions. Further, in vivo studies and clinical trials must validate these findings. This review highlights the requirement for continuous research, public health strategies, and interdisciplinary collaboration to address the growing threat of <i>Acanthamoeba</i> infections in Malaysia while exploring the country's rich biodiversity for innovative therapeutic solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":93960,"journal":{"name":"Cureus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11530292/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142570763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Serum and Synovial Inflammatory Markers in Periprosthetic Joint Infections: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Amit K Yadav, Siddhartha Murhekar, Ece N Cinar","doi":"10.7759/cureus.72821","DOIUrl":"10.7759/cureus.72821","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is considered a rare but devastating complication after total joint arthroplasty (TJA). The problem lies in the fact that there is a paucity of \"gold standard\" diagnostic tests that make the diagnosis of PJI extremely challenging. Recently, there have been increasing evidence-based guidelines that have been introduced to standardise the approach to a patient with a suspected PJI. Diagnosing a case of PJI traditionally involves initial screening for elevated serum inflammation markers C-reactive protein (CRP) (mg/dL) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and aspiration remains the sole confirmatory investigation. However, several factors would affect the values of the aforementioned markers, such as gender, age, and the presence of inflammatory circumstances. Serum D-dimer that detects fibrinolytic activities during infection has high sensitivity, but the specificity was not persuasive as it would elevate during other conditions, such as venous thromboembolism. Therefore, there is also a need for a simultaneous and secondary marker. There are also several synovial biomarkers, including ESR, CRP, alpha-defensin, and synovial fluid leukocyte count and differential for the detection of PJI. In this narrative review, we want to sum up the serum and inflammatory markers that have been introduced so far for detecting PJI.</p>","PeriodicalId":93960,"journal":{"name":"Cureus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11528397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142570766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fenestrating Versus Reconstituting Subtotal Cholecystectomy: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Bile Leak, Bile Duct Injury, and Outcomes.","authors":"Kapilraj Ravendran, Ahmed Elmoraly, Christo S Thomas, Mridhu L Job, Afrah A Vahab, Shafali Khanom, Chloe Kam","doi":"10.7759/cureus.72769","DOIUrl":"10.7759/cureus.72769","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Symptoms of gallstone disease are the most common reason for cholecystectomy. Fenestration reduces the likelihood of severe inflammation or scarring after normal treatments are used, and it also enhances control over bile outflow. The goal of reconstituted cholecystectomy is to lessen symptoms like pain and jaundice without undergoing the high-risk procedures associated with more invasive procedures. The reconstituted and fenestrated procedures were assessed by a meta-analysis and systematic review. Of the five studies, 189 (34.2%) had a reconstituted subtotal cholecystectomy, and 363 (65.8%) had a fenestrated subtotal cholecystectomy, which had populations from the United States of America, the United Kingdom, Japan, and Turkey. Two individuals from three trials had bile duct injury, according to three studies. Whereas the fenestrated group reported no bile injury from 236 individuals (0%), the reconstituted group reported two bile duct injuries from 100 patients (2%). The incidence was found to be lower in the fenestrated group (OR 10.81; CI 95% 1.03-113.65; p = 0.39; I2 = 0%) than in the reconstituted group. Four studies revealed 92 cases of bile leaks: 19 out of 155 cases (12.3%) were reconstituted, and 73 out of 351 cases (20.8%) were fenestrated. Between the two groups, there was a significant difference in bile leakage (OR 0.72; CI 95% 0.23-2.32; p = 0.03; I2 = 66%). Two studies reported the establishment of fistulas following surgery in 58 patients in the reconstituted group (5.2%) and 120 patients in the fenestrated group (2.5%) (p = 0.56, I2 = 0%, and OR 0.65; CI 95% 0.12-3.38); however, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. Following a fenestrated partial cholecystectomy, postoperative bile leakage, fistula development, wound infection, and retained stones are more prevalent. Additionally, we saw that the fenestrated method was being used more frequently for post-operative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The subtotal cholecystectomy technique used should be chosen according to the surgeon's comfort level and experience with the various techniques and intraoperative findings, even if the reconstituted procedure could be preferred when feasible. To completely understand the role of each method in the general surgeon's toolkit for treating complex gallbladder (GB) patients, longer-term follow-up studies are still necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":93960,"journal":{"name":"Cureus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11526809/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142559794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dystopic Os Odontoideum With Chronic Posterior Atlantoaxial Subluxation: A Case Report.","authors":"Mohamed K Elbana, Asmaa E Elgebally","doi":"10.7759/cureus.72749","DOIUrl":"10.7759/cureus.72749","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Os odontoideum is considered a rare cervical spine anomaly. Depending on its type, it may or may not result in atlantoaxial instability, which can lead to anterior subluxation (the most common type) or posterior subluxation, with the latter being extremely rare. Posterior atlantoaxial subluxation is particularly dangerous, as it can progressively lead to myelopathy through various mechanisms and may ultimately result in quadriplegia or even death.</p>","PeriodicalId":93960,"journal":{"name":"Cureus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11525844/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142559791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Global Bibliometric Analysis of the Top 100 Most Cited Articles on Early Thoracotomy and Decortication in Pleural Empyema.","authors":"Vishal V Bhende, Amit Chaudhary, Soumya Madhusudan, Viral B Patel, Mathangi Krishnakumar, Amit Kumar, Shradha U Patel, Swati Roy, Bhargav A Gandhi, Saptak P Mankad, Ashwin S Sharma, Jaimin P Trasadiya, Mamta R Patel","doi":"10.7759/cureus.72800","DOIUrl":"10.7759/cureus.72800","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most pleural empyema cases are linked to pneumonia, a substantial fraction of patients present with empyema without any association to pneumonia. The occurrence of empyema caused by tuberculosis (TB) is increasing in regions where TB is prevalent. In May 2024, a bibliometric analysis was conducted involving the screening of 7,620 articles sourced from Google Scholar. Google Scholar was selected for its comprehensive nature, encompassing articles indexed in prominent databases like Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed. This allowed access to significant studies that might be overlooked if they were not indexed by these databases. Articles were selected based on their citation count and specific inclusion criteria, focusing on early thoracotomy and decortication in pleural empyema. Two authors (VB and MK) independently conducted a thorough screening and data collection. The hundred top articles published from 1945 to 2015, garnered a total of 16,928 citations. These articles were written by 93 distinct first authors from 22 countries and 83 institutions, and were featured in 35 journals. The primary categories of literature included those describing the disease characteristics, features, causes, and types of pleural empyema, as well as various treatment modalities and management strategies, each constituting 37% of the literature. Additionally, pediatric empyema was a focus in 11% of the articles. The present analysis highlights publication trends, identifies gaps in the literature, and suggests areas for future research, serving as a valuable resource for guiding upcoming studies on early thoracotomy and decortication in pleural empyema.</p>","PeriodicalId":93960,"journal":{"name":"Cureus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11528040/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142570464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histological Evaluation of Placentas in Idiopathic Intrauterine Growth Restriction.","authors":"Saadi S Barwari","doi":"10.7759/cureus.72789","DOIUrl":"10.7759/cureus.72789","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Background Idiopathic intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a condition in which there is no discernible cause, such as problems with the mother's health, and the fetus does not grow to the expected size for its gestational age. In cases of IUGR, the placental trophoblast exhibits reduced invasiveness, leading to a less extensive invasion of uterine spiral arteries and increased resistance in the uteroplacental circulation. The consequences of these early histopathological alterations are long-lasting, resulting in compromised blood flow to the placenta and diminished transport of nutrients and oxygen from the mother to the fetus. The placentas of neonates with idiopathic IUGR may provide crucial insights into the underlying causes of this growth restriction. The present study was designed to evaluate various microscopical changes in placentas of idiopathic intrauterine growth-restricted cases, qualitatively and quantitatively. Methods After getting the ethics committee's approval, the placental samples were collected from Duhok Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Duhok, Iraq. A total of 55 placentas were gathered from women aged 20-40 years who had full-term (37-40 weeks) singleton pregnancies. Control cases were selected randomly, while idiopathic IUGR cases were selected purposively. Out of 55, 35 placentas were taken from idiopathic IUGR (birth weight less than 2500 g), and 20 placentas were taken from normal pregnancies (control group) with no history of confounding maternal and fetal factors. The maternal and neonatal data (age, weight of neonate, gestational period, and gender of neonate) were recorded. Immediately after delivery of the baby, the placenta was taken, washed with tap water, and dried. Then central and peripheral biopsies were taken for qualitative and quantitative histopathological examination, which includes the following: the number of terminal villi, stromal fibrosis, fibrinoid necrosis, syncytial knots, hyalinization, chorangiosis, congestion, and calcification. Statistical analyses were done using Student's t-tests and chi-square tests. Results In the idiopathic IUGR group, the qualitative features of the microscopic study corresponded with quantitative measurements. There was a significant decrease in the mean number of terminal villi (p=0.02), a highly significant increase in syncytial knots (p=0.001), a highly significant increase in fibrinoid necrosis (p=0.003), a highly significant increase in the mean number of stromal fibrosis (p=0.001), and a significant decrease in hyalinization (p=0.05). There was an insignificant increase in the calcification, medial coat proliferation of medium-sized blood vessels, chorangiosis, congestion, and fatty degeneration. Conclusions The reduction of terminal villi, accompanied by an increase in syncytial knots, fibrinoid necrosis, and stromal fibrosis, may have reduced the surface area for fetomaternal exchange. This led to chronic placental insufficiency. As a result, fe","PeriodicalId":93960,"journal":{"name":"Cureus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11528041/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142570668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Van Neck-Odelberg Disease: A Systematic Review of Literature and Case Presentation.","authors":"Muhammad Arham Sahu, Abdullah Tahir, Muhammad Ashal Sahu, Tahir Rafiq","doi":"10.7759/cureus.72751","DOIUrl":"10.7759/cureus.72751","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Van Neck-Odelberg disease (VND) is a term used to describe ischiopubic osteochondritis, which typically presents with atraumatic unilateral groin pain. We performed a systematic review of the existing literature on reported cases of VND to collate what is already known. We also present a new case of VND to add to the relatively small body of literature on the topic. A systematic literature review was performed in July 2024 of PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane databases using the MeSH terms \"van Neck Odelberg\" to identify published articles. Inclusion criterion was defined as articles that provide individual details on cases of VND. Literature reviews without individual case details were excluded. Two authors independently screened titles and abstracts according to relevance and content. A total of 16 case reports and four case series were included in the final review, excluding our own case presentation. This review included 43 cases of VND (28 males and 15 females). There was no significant difference in average age of presentation between males and females. Majority of VND cases presented with unilateral pain (n=37), mainly in the groin (n=25) and typically non-radiating (n=18). Pain associated with VND most commonly occurred on the side of the non-dominant lower limb (n=8). Review findings demonstrated a common pattern of features associated with the presentation of VND, which included unilateral non-radiating groin pain occurring on the side of the non-dominant lower limb. Our case of a nine-year-old, left-foot dominant, boy who presented with atraumatic right-sided groin pain was in keeping with others reported from our review. MRI confirmed the diagnosis of VND in our case; repeat MRI after a period of activity modification and use of non-steroidal analgesics showed improvement in radiological appearance, and the patient showed improvement in function.</p>","PeriodicalId":93960,"journal":{"name":"Cureus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11526182/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142559836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Review of Comparative Effectiveness of Interventions for Low Anterior Resection Syndrome: Impacts on Bowel Function and Quality of Life.","authors":"Mehwish Ansar, Sruthi Boddeti, Khutaija Noor, Aparna Malireddi, Mahlet Abera, Suchith B Suresh, Iana Malasevskaia","doi":"10.7759/cureus.72772","DOIUrl":"10.7759/cureus.72772","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) is a common complication following sphincter-preserving surgical resection for rectal cancer, characterized by symptoms such as fecal incontinence, urgency, and altered bowel habits, which significantly affect patients' quality of life. This cluster of symptoms not only limits their day-to-day physical activity but also has a debilitating effect on their emotional and mental well-being, undermining their integration and overall psychological health. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of invasive and non-invasive interventions for LARS, including pelvic floor rehabilitation, transanal irrigation, and various surgical options such as sacral neuromodulation and stoma formation, either as part of primary surgery or as a definitive treatment option for refractory cases. We systematically searched relevant databases for studies published in the last decade, focusing on adult patients diagnosed with LARS post-low anterior resection (LAR), with outcomes assessed through bowel function and quality of life metrics. The review identified six studies that met our eligibility criteria; a pooled cohort of 794 patients was identified, with sample sizes ranging from 37 to 430 participants. Our analysis revealed that pelvic floor rehabilitation significantly improves bowel function and quality of life in patients with LARS; yet, the optimal management approach remains unclear due to variability in patient responses. These findings highlight the inherent complexity and heterogeneity of LARS management, underscoring the necessity for multifaceted and individualized treatment strategies. Although pelvic floor rehabilitation shows promise, especially among motivated patients, its long-term sustainability remains uncertain. Surgical options are typically reserved for severe cases and carry significant risks and psychological impacts. For patients identified as being at high risk for LARS, treatment options must be considered and discussed at an earlier phase of their care. Our review concludes with the need for a tailored, patient-centered approach to managing LARS, highlighting the importance of ongoing research to fill existing evidence gaps. There is a need for translational research across various treatment modalities, comparing their effects, cost-effectiveness, implementation strategies, and the consequent effects on patients' quality of life and mental health.</p>","PeriodicalId":93960,"journal":{"name":"Cureus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11527395/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142559770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disseminated Tuberculosis in a Patient on Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α Inhibitor Treatment for Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Case Report.","authors":"Lana Fadl, Arowa Abdelgadir, Hibah Mirza, Aqsa Mahreen, Siddalingana Gouda Thaplar G Gouda","doi":"10.7759/cureus.72796","DOIUrl":"10.7759/cureus.72796","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors are commonly used in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) due to their effectiveness in reducing inflammation and slowing disease progression. However, their use is associated with an increased risk of opportunistic infections, particularly tuberculosis (TB). This case report presents a young male patient in the United Kingdom (UK) with AS, who had been on long-term biological therapy with adalimumab, a TNF-α inhibitor. The patient developed disseminated TB, which rapidly progressed and unfortunately resulted in the patient's death. This case underscores the importance of comprehensive screening for latent TB before initiating TNF-α inhibitor therapy, as well as ongoing monitoring throughout treatment. Given the multicultural nature of the UK, where individuals may be exposed to TB without traveling to endemic areas, careful attention to TB risk across all ethnicities is critical. This case highlights the need for heightened vigilance and tailored preventive strategies to mitigate the risks of TNF-α therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":93960,"journal":{"name":"Cureus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11527551/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142570927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}