Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)最新文献

{"title":"Changes in Aqueous Humor Cytokine Profile Following Intravitreal Brolucizumab Injection.","authors":"Varis Ruamviboonsuk, Wijak Kongwattananon, Natthaya Chuaypen","doi":"10.2147/OPTH.S504956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S504956","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Intravitreal brolucizumab, approved for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), may trigger immune responses leading to intraocular inflammation (IOI) by increasing pro-inflammatory cytokines. This study evaluates cytokine levels in the aqueous humor of patients before and after intravitreal brolucizumab injection.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Fourteen eyes of fourteen participants with nAMD or polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) and who received intravitreal brolucizumab injection were included. Aqueous humor was collected before and 1 month following the injection. The aqueous cytokine profile was analyzed using a bead-based multiplex immunoassay. Paired <i>t</i>-test and Wilcoxon-signed rank test were used to analyze the results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ten eyes were diagnosed with PCV, and four were nAMD. The aqueous IL-8 and IL-22 levels were significantly increased after intravitreal brolucizumab injection with a mean change of 18.2 ± 32.57 pg/mL (95% CI -0.61 to 37.01, p = 0.04) and 15.46 ± 24.14 pg/mL (95% CI 1.53-29.40, p = 0.03), respectively. VEGF-A was significantly decreased with a mean change of -915.4 ± 831.72 pg/mL (95% CI -1395.62 to -435.18, p < 0.01). One patient was diagnosed with IOI, and the cytokine profile showed increased in aqueous pro-inflammatory cytokines (Exotaxin, G-CSF, IL-8, IL-10, IL-22, IL-10, MCP-1 and TNF- α) and decreased in VEGF-A level compared with baseline.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study demonstrated a significant increase in aqueous pro-inflammatory cytokines in eyes treated with intravitreal brolucizumab. Nearly all eyes studied showed no clinical signs of intraocular inflammation. The results suggested that type IV cell-mediated hypersensitivity could play a role in IOI following intravitreal brolucizumab injection.</p>","PeriodicalId":93945,"journal":{"name":"Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"19 ","pages":"427-437"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11829591/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143442920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Cataract Surgery Combined with Ab Interno Canaloplasty and Micro-Trabecular Bypass Stent Surgery in Open-Angle Glaucoma.","authors":"Matthew S Porter, Addie Flowers, Brandon P Wood, Mark J Gallardo","doi":"10.2147/OPTH.S504247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S504247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the effectiveness of canaloplasty via an ab-interno technique using the iTrack (Nova Eye Medical, Fremont, USA) combined with microtrabecular bypass stent surgery with the Hydrus microstent (Ivantis, Inc, Irvine, CA) following cataract surgery (CE) in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective, two-center, case series of 51 POAG eyes that underwent phacoemulsification followed by canaloplasty combined with microtrabecular bypass stent surgery. Eyes were categorized according to IOP and disease severity. A subgroup of patients on 3+ medications at baseline was included. Primary end points included the mean IOP and mean number of medications at 12 months, 24 months and at the last follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Baseline IOP (mmHg) and number of medications were 19.1±4.0 and 2.3±1.2 and reduced to 13.9±2.6 (p<0.001) and 1.2±1.4 (p<0.001) at 12 months, 13.7±2.0 and 1.5±1.5 (p<0.001, p=0.008, respectively) at 24 months (n=31) and 14.4±3.2 and 2.1±1.5 (p<0.001, p=0.5, respectively) at 36 months. In the uncontrolled group (n=27), baseline IOP and number of medications were 21.9±3.1 and 1.9±1.3 and reduced to 14.6±4.2 (p=0.006) and 1.7±1.6 (p=0.821) at 36 months postoperatively. Baseline IOP and number of medications of severe patients (n=12) were 19.0±4.8 and 1.9±1.1. IOP reduced to 12.8±2.4 (p=0.005) at 12 months while the number of medications did not show any statistically significant change: 1.9±1.6 (p=0.4). No eyes underwent additional glaucoma surgery in the study period.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Canaloplasty combined with microtrabecular bypass stent surgery following cataract extraction demonstrated efficacy in reducing IOP and medication burden up to 24 months postoperatively. IOP reduction was also sustained up to 36 months postoperatively. The combined MIGS procedure is also effective in eyes with uncontrolled glaucoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":93945,"journal":{"name":"Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"19 ","pages":"469-481"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11829638/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143442947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes and Complications of Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgeries (MIGS) in Primary Angle Closure and Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Benjamin Paik, Chun Hau Chua, Leonard W Yip, Vivien C H Yip","doi":"10.2147/OPTH.S505856","DOIUrl":"10.2147/OPTH.S505856","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Topic: </strong>To analyse the safety and efficacy of minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries (MIGS) in lowering IOP and medication burden in primary angle closure (PAC) or primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG).</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>MIGS is off-label in angle closure, as implantation of the device is difficult when there is iridotrabecular contact. However, access to the trabecular meshwork may be established with cataract removal or goniosynechiolysis. While MIGS can be performed in the same setting as phacoemulsification (MIGS-phaco), it remains controversial if the combined procedure confers a significant advantage over standalone phacoemulsification.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane library for studies reporting outcomes of MIGS in PAC or PACG. Our main outcome measures were IOP-lowering from baseline and medication reduction, at 1 year. We performed meta-analyses of these outcomes using weighted mean differences (WMD) under random-effects models. Our secondary outcome was complication rate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-three studies comprising 875 patients were included in our review, from which 15 (590 patients) were included in meta-analysis. MIGS (with and without phacoemulsification) demonstrated a weighted mean reduction in IOP of 7.71 mmHg (95% CI: 5.16-10.26), and in medication of 1.57 (95% CI: 1.17-1.96), both at 1 year. Subgroup analyses revealed the superiority of AIT over endoCPG and iStent in both IOP-lowering (p<0.02) and medication burden (p<0.01). Comparison analysis between MIGS-phaco vs standalone phacoemulsification revealed superiority of MIGS-phaco in reducing medication burden (WMD 0.59, 95% CI: -0.04-1.22) and to a limited extent, IOP-lowering (WMD 1.22; 95% CI: -0.96-3.39) up till 1 year. Overall complication rate was 141/875 (16%) after excluding transient self-resolving hyphema.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MIGS brings about sustained reduction in IOP and medication burden with favourable side-effect profile in angle closure eyes. MIGS-phaco may be superior to standalone phacoemulsification. MIGS should be thoroughly considered for mild-moderate PACG with coexisting cataract before pursuing more invasive surgical approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":93945,"journal":{"name":"Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"19 ","pages":"483-506"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11830760/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143442948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proinflammatory Tear Cytokines in Human Adenoviral Keratoconjunctivitis and Clinical Eye Severity.","authors":"Concepción Santacruz Valdés, Efrén Raúl Ponce-Rosas, Maria C Jimenez-Martinez","doi":"10.2147/OPTH.S497111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S497111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Acute adenoviral conjunctivitis is a disease with mild to severe clinical manifestations. Animal models have provided insight into the role of the innate immune system in clinical damage, but the human immune response at the ocular surface remains poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to establish the relationship between tear cytokine levels and disease severity in patients with epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fourteen consecutive patients with EKC, confirmed with HAdV8 infection, were included. Ocular characteristics were documented, and each patient's eye was classified as having more or less severe disease. After tear sampling, levels of cytokines IL-8, IL-6, IL-1b, IL-10, IL-12, and TNF-a were measured using a cytometric bead array.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results showed the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in EKC-affected eyes. IL-6, IL-8, and IL-12 significantly correlated with the total clinical ophthalmological score. In the more severely affected eyes, IL-8 and IL-6 significantly correlated with conjunctival hyperemia, and IL-6 correlated with conjunctival swelling. In the less severely affected eyes, inflammatory response, conjunctival hyperemia, and conjunctival hemorrhages were significantly correlated with IL-12 and TNF-a, and ocular discharge was significantly correlated with all tear cytokines. IL-10 was detected in both eyes, suggesting a possible regulatory counterbalance.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study offers novel insights into the pathophysiology of human adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis and its association with clinical data.</p>","PeriodicalId":93945,"journal":{"name":"Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"19 ","pages":"439-448"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11829603/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143443012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retinal Artery Occlusion Associated with Prepapillary Arterial Loop: An Isolated Ocular Disease? Case Report and Literature Review.","authors":"Ahmad M Mansour, Maurizio Battaglia Parodi, Antônio Marcelo Barbante Casella, Wajiha J Kheir, Ziad Fayez Bashshur","doi":"10.2147/OPTH.S509248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S509248","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>When branch retinal artery occlusion is linked to prepapillary artery loop, is a systemic work-up necessary?</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Case Report and literature review. The databases searched were MEDLINE OVID, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase. The search was for all relevant articles published from inception until October 31, 2024.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 33 cases of prepapillary artery loop with retinal artery occlusion were reviewed. Median age at diagnosis was 24 years (range 10-64). Twenty five cases had no systemic disease while 9 had unrelated systemic disorder. Systemic workup was carried in 17 cases and was negative. The location of the branch retinal artery occlusion was inferior in 21 cases, superior in 6 cases, and combined superior and inferior in 2 cases. Paracentral acute middle maculopathy was noted in 2 cases. Precipitating factors included exercise in 4 cases, head trauma in 2 cases, blunt ocular trauma, severe sneezing, ocular rubbing and sun exposure in 1 case each.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A branch retinal artery occlusion linked to a prepapillary loop appears as a distinct ocular condition in young healthy individuals. There is no definite need for additional diagnostic testing in such patients with a negative systemic history.</p>","PeriodicalId":93945,"journal":{"name":"Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"19 ","pages":"449-458"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11829647/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143443014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-Month Outcomes of SMILE Pro with the VISUMAX 800 for Myopic Astigmatism in a Large Population.","authors":"Hong Son Cung, Lan Huong Thi Tran, Thanh Ngoc Tran","doi":"10.2147/OPTH.S502915","DOIUrl":"10.2147/OPTH.S502915","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To report the visual and refractive outcomes of small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) Pro using a 2 MHz femtosecond laser for myopic astigmatism in a large population of Vietnamese patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective clinical study of subjects that underwent keratorefractive lenticule extraction (KLEx) with the VISUMAX 800 at Hong Son Eye Hospital (Ha Noi, Vietnam) between June 2023 and October 2023. Primary outcome measures of monocular uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), and refraction, including vector analysis, were evaluated at 3-months postoperatively. Secondary outcome measures of intraoperative and postoperative complications were also recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 765 eyes from 389 patients (60.66% women, mean age of 23.54±5.20 years) were analyzed 3 months after surgery. The mean preoperative spherical equivalent refraction was -5.98±2.26 D. The postoperative spherical equivalent refraction was within ±0.50 D of the intended target in 81% and within ±1.00 D in 97% of eyes. The mean spherical equivalent refraction was -0.11±0.45 D. UDVA was 20/25 or better in 92% and 20/32 or better in 97% of eyes. The mean postoperative UDVA and CDVA values were 0.05±0.09 and 0.00±0.02 logMAR, respectively. There was no change in CDVA in 99% of eyes. Efficacy index was 0.92, and safety index was 1.00. One eye (0.13%) had a suction loss, which resulted in a lenticule remnant. No other complications were reported during surgery or the postoperative follow-up period.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current study, carried out on a large cohort of Asian patients, showed SMILE Pro with the VISUMAX 800 was safe and effective for treating myopic astigmatism.</p>","PeriodicalId":93945,"journal":{"name":"Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"19 ","pages":"417-425"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11812556/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143400926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Factors Studies to Assess the Usability of the Faricimab Prefilled Syringe.","authors":"Mark R Barakat, Henry M Kwong, Gelson Marcon, Olivia E O'Leary, Liliana P Paris, Petrick Schneider, Yannan Tang, Jordan M Graff","doi":"10.2147/OPTH.S503060","DOIUrl":"10.2147/OPTH.S503060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Faricimab, the first bispecific antibody designed for intraocular use, is approved for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), diabetic macular edema (DME), and retinal vein occlusion (RVO). Here, we report the usability of a novel faricimab 6 mg pre-filled syringe (PFS) configuration that has been designed specifically for intravitreal use.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>A simulated-use human factors validation study enrolling 15 retina specialists and 15 ophthalmic assistants was conducted in a market research facility configured to represent an ophthalmology clinic. Participants' ability to complete tasks related to package handling, dose preparation, and injection of a faricimab 6 mg dose into a polymer eye using the PFS was assessed. In a second Phase 3b, single-arm, actual-use study, the ability of seven retina specialists and six ophthalmic assistants to prepare and administer the PFS in accordance with the instructions for use was assessed. Injections were performed into single eyes of 35 patients with nAMD or DME in three US clinics and patients were followed for 7 days for safety reporting (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05569148).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the simulated-use study, most retina specialists and ophthalmic assistants completed all tasks deemed essential for PFS preparation and administration correctly and without error. Of the 22 tasks, the pass rate was 86.7-100%; 16 tasks had a pass rate of 100%. No use errors were observed during the actual-use study. One patient experienced one mild adverse event of eye irritation that resolved the same day and was deemed unrelated to the study drug.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Participants were able to safely and correctly prepare and administer a faricimab 6 mg dose using the PFS in accordance with the instructions for use, under realistic conditions representing the real world. The faricimab 6 mg PFS may therefore offer a more convenient, safe-handling alternative to vial administration.</p>","PeriodicalId":93945,"journal":{"name":"Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"19 ","pages":"395-406"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11809211/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143392693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Prospective, Crossover, Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Study Comparing the Effectiveness and Ocular Comfort of 0.1% Hyaluronic Acid and 0.3% Hyaluronic Acid in Patients With Dry Eye Disease.","authors":"Seong-Jae Kim, Woong-Sun Yoo, Lee-Ha Kwon, Rock Bum Kim, Hyeon-Jeong Yoon, Kyung Chul Yoon","doi":"10.2147/OPTH.S489669","DOIUrl":"10.2147/OPTH.S489669","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Report the clinical effects and discomfort of using 0.1% hyaluronic acid (HA [Kynex 1^®, Alcon, Seoul, S. Korea]) and 0.3% HA (Kynex 3^®, Alcon, Seoul, S. Korea) to treat dry eye disease (DED).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was designed as a prospective, crossover, randomized, and double-blind study. Patients aged >19 years with DED level 2 or higher, corneal staining score > 1, and tear break-up time (TBUT) < 10s were included. Sixty patients were randomly assigned to two groups. Patients in group 1 were instilled with 0.1% HA for four weeks and then 0.3% HA for the next four weeks. Group 2 patients were instilled with the eye drops in the reverse order of group 1. Patients were evaluated using a corneal staining score, TBUT, and the Standardized Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) questionnaire at baseline, four weeks, and eight weeks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In both groups, 0.3% HA showed an increasing trend in TBUT, although the difference was not statistically significant. Changes in the Schirmer test were greater in group 2, but this difference was also not statistically significant. The corneal staining score improved in both groups, with no statistically significant difference. While 0.3% HA was more effective than 0.1% HA according to the absolute value, this difference was not statistically significant. There was no difference between the two groups in the SPEED questionnaire evaluation that assessed aspects of discomfort, such as blurred vision, foreign body sensation, and burning sensation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>0.3% HA was more effective for treating DED, although the difference was not statistically significant. In terms of discomfort, 0.3% HA showed no difference compared to 0.1% HA. Using both 0.1% HA and 0.3% HA in a tailored treatment approach can improve patient comfort and treatment outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":93945,"journal":{"name":"Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"19 ","pages":"407-416"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11809210/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143392686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Electronic Frailty Index Based on Deficit Accumulation May Predict Glaucomatous Visual Field Progression.","authors":"Walter Duy, Nicholas Pajewski, Jeff D Williamson, Atalie C Thompson","doi":"10.2147/OPTH.S503177","DOIUrl":"10.2147/OPTH.S503177","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate whether an electronic frailty index (eFI) is associated with visual field loss in glaucoma.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>We identified 1163 subjects ≥65 years old with glaucoma (1082 right eyes and 1042 left eyes) who had a calculable baseline eFI, and who had reliable visual fields at baseline and final follow-up. Multivariable linear regression models adjusting for demographic and clinical variables were used to assess the association between eFI and mean deviation at baseline and the change in mean deviation over time in each eye.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Being pre-frail or frail was not associated with baseline MD, except in the right eye where being pre-frail was associated with a higher baseline MD. Increasing level of eFI was negatively correlated with change in MD (p<0.05 both eyes), but not baseline MD. Moreover, being frail was significantly associated with a more significant decline in MD in both eyes (Right eye: Beta -0.89, 95% CI (-1.71, -0.063), p=0.035; Left eye: Beta -1.25, 95% CI (-2.17, -0.34), p=0.007). Notably, baseline IOP was not associated with MD at baseline or the change in MD in the multivariable models.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Glaucoma patients who are frail may be at higher risk of experiencing visual field decline, independent of baseline IOP. Future studies should investigate whether interventions to improve frailty can decrease risk of glaucoma progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":93945,"journal":{"name":"Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"19 ","pages":"387-393"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11807780/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143392689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Note on Literature Review Related to \"Oral Azithromycin Versus Oral Doxycycline in the Treatment of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis\" [Letter].","authors":"Margarita Safir, Michael Mimouni, Dror Ben Ephraim Noyman","doi":"10.2147/OPTH.S513728","DOIUrl":"10.2147/OPTH.S513728","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93945,"journal":{"name":"Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"19 ","pages":"371-372"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11806671/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143383714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}