Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)最新文献

{"title":"Clinical Outcomes of an Enhanced and Conventional Monofocal IOL in Patients with Early and Intermediate Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration.","authors":"Jan A Venter, Colin W Berry, Noelle C Hannan, Dasi Raju, Huba J Kiss, Mirna Belovari, Stephen J Hannan, David R Cooper, Julie M Schallhorn","doi":"10.2147/OPTH.S511743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S511743","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare the performance of an enhanced and conventional monofocal IOL in eyes with early and intermediate age-related macular degeneration (AMD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study compared one-month postoperative outcomes of patients bilaterally implanted with TECNIS Eyhance IOL (ICB00 group) or TECNIS Monofocal IOL (ZCB00 group). All patients underwent cataract surgery with pre-existing early or intermediate dry AMD. Outcome measures were monocular and binocular uncorrected distance (UDVA), intermediate (UIVA) and near (UNVA) visual acuity, monocular corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), and refractive outcomes. Monocular visual acuities and refractive predictability were calculated for the dominant eye of each patient.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ICB00 group comprised 143 eyes of 143 patients, while 164 eyes of 164 patients were included in the ZCB00 group. Preoperative characteristics were comparable between the two groups. There was no significant difference in postoperative refractive predictability, with 87.4% and 89.6% of eyes within 0.50 D of emmetropia in the ICB00 and ZCB00 groups, respectively (p=0.54). No difference was found in postoperative UDVA or CDVA between the groups. Both monocular and binocular UIVA were significantly better in the ICB00 group (monocular UIVA: 0.32±0.19 vs 0.42±0.22 logMAR, p<0.001; binocular UIVA: 0.25±0.18 vs 0.36±0.17 logMAR, p<0.001). Postoperative UNVA was also better with the ICB00 IOL (monocular UNVA: 0.58±0.16 vs 0.69±0.20 logMAR, p<0.001; binocular UNVA: 0.50±0.16 vs 0.63±0.17 logMAR, p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ICB00 IOL enhanced intermediate and near vision in patients with AMD while achieving the same level of corrected and uncorrected distance visual acuity.</p>","PeriodicalId":93945,"journal":{"name":"Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"19 ","pages":"1203-1214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11977630/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Refractive Cataract Surgery Survey (RCSS): A Validated Questionnaire for Quick Clinical Use.","authors":"Wyche T Coleman Iii, Curtis R Martin, Cameron J Davidson, Brittany B DeNaro, Christopher L Shelby, Stephen A LoBue","doi":"10.2147/OPTH.S515694","DOIUrl":"10.2147/OPTH.S515694","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To validate an efficient and reliable instrument for measuring postoperative performance and satisfaction in refractive cataract surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 10-question survey was designed to assess patient satisfaction and functional outcomes in refractive cataract surgery. The survey included seven questions rated on a 1-10 scale and three yes/no questions. Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha. Correlations between survey responses and objective visual acuity measurements (binocular uncorrected distance visual acuity [BUDVA] and binocular uncorrected near visual acuity [BUNVA]) were analyzed. Factor analysis explored the constructs assessed by the survey.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 477 eyes from 240 patients were included, including 234 AcrySof PanOptix, 53 AcrySof IQ Vivity, 88 TECNIS Eyhance, 102 AcrySof Aspheric Monofocal intraocular lenses (IOLs). Cronbach's alpha (0.785) indicated acceptable moderate to strong internal consistency. Significant correlations were found between visual acuity and satisfaction ratings for distance (r = 0.256; p < 0.001) and near vision (r = 0.195; p < 0.001). A significant model was found (R² = 0.350, F(7, 474) = 35.86, p < 0.001) with quality of near vision (β = 0.188, p < 0.001), quantity of glasses independence (β = 0.116, p < 0.05), and lens choice (β = 0.434, p < 0.001) being significant predictors for IOL selection.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Refractive Cataract Surgery Survey (RCSS) is an efficient, reliable tool for assessing patient satisfaction and performance in refractive cataract surgery. The quality of near vision and the level of glasses independence were significant predictors of lens choice satisfaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":93945,"journal":{"name":"Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"19 ","pages":"1191-1202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11972586/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association Between Refraction, Ocular Biometry, and a Child's Behavior Assessed by Conners' Parental Rating Scale.","authors":"Yuval Cohen, Michael Eidel, Yehuda Greenberger, Aviv Vidan, Otzem Chassid","doi":"10.2147/OPTH.S513759","DOIUrl":"10.2147/OPTH.S513759","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To examine the association between refraction, ocular biometry and a child's behavioral disorder using the Conners' Parent Rating Scale.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This cohort study recruited 139 children aged 6-9 years old. Their legal guardians completed the Conners' Parent Rating Scale [the revised-long version (CPRS-R-L)], and the individual responses were entered into the software scoring program, resulting in 14 scores for behavioral disorders. Cycloplegic refraction and ocular biometry were performed. Correlation analyses among the 14 behavioral scores, refraction, and biometry were performed. The analyses were performed for three refractive groups: hyperopia, emmetropia, and myopia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Children (N = 93) with mean age of 7.2 ± 1.2 y were included. Spherical equivalent (SE) of the refractive groups were +3.46±1.71 diopters (D), 0.61 ± 0.41 D and -1.76 ± 2.15 D (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). The CPRS-R-L subscale scores positively correlated with sphere, SE, and negatively correlated with cylinder. With the exception of oppositional behavioral subscale that had higher than mean score, 13 CPRS-R-L scores fell within the normal range, regardless of refraction. CPRS-R-L subscale scores negatively correlated with axial length. Axial length shorter than 22.5 mm had CPRS-R-L 95th percentile, some of which surpassed the normal range score of CPRS-R-L, and indicate the presence of ADHD concerns.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Refraction, astigmatism, and axial length were associated with Conners' behavioral subscales and warrant additional studies to clarify any cause-effect relationship.</p>","PeriodicalId":93945,"journal":{"name":"Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"19 ","pages":"1183-1190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11971993/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns of Corneal Astigmatism in Eyes Post Myopic Laser Keratorefractive Surgery.","authors":"Aaron W Ng, Stephen Stewart, Tun Kuan Yeo","doi":"10.2147/OPTH.S507520","DOIUrl":"10.2147/OPTH.S507520","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>In the absence of a measured posterior keratometry input, toric intraocular lens power formulae in patients with a history of myopic laser keratorefractive surgery (M-LVC) predict the posterior corneal astigmatism. These formulae assume that the posterior corneal curvature is essentially unchanged post M-LVC and hence its characteristics in this demographic of patients would be the same as virgin eyes. We aim to describe astigmatism measured by a swept-source optical coherence tomography biometer in such patients.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Retrospective consecutive case review of eyes with prior M-LVC, followed by subsequent cataract surgery. Pre-operative biometric data was collected using the IOLMaster 700 (Carl Zeiss Meditec). Magnitude and orientation of the steep and flat meridian of standard keratometry (SK), posterior keratometry (PK) and total keratometry (TK) were recorded. Relationships between corneal astigmatism, age, and gender were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using linear regression, Mann Whitney <i>U</i>-test and Chi squared test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 341 eyes (218 patients) were studied. Mean SK was 39.65D ± 2.16D. Mean PK was -5.82D ± 0.24D. Mean TK was 39.15D ± 2.34D. SK astigmatism (SKA) was predominantly vertical (57.8%, n = 197 eyes) with a mean magnitude of 0.85D ± 0.47D. Posterior corneal astigmatism (PCA) was predominantly vertical (91.5%, n = 312 eyes) with a mean magnitude of 0.29D ± 0.14D. TK astigmatism (TKA) was predominantly vertical (42.2%, n = 144 eyes) with a mean magnitude of 0.83D ± 0.47D. There was a positive correlation between magnitude of TKA with SKA and PCA (P < 0.001). A negative correlation between age and magnitude of SKA, PCA and TKA was noted (P < 0.001). No statistically significant relationship with gender was noted.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PCA orientation of post M-LVC eyes is similar to published data of virgin eyes. This reinforces the assumption made in toric intraocular lens power formulae that posterior corneal astigmatism in these eyes share the same characteristics as virgin eyes.</p>","PeriodicalId":93945,"journal":{"name":"Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"19 ","pages":"1139-1147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11970278/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-World Outcomes with Complement Inhibitors for Geographic Atrophy: A Comparative Study of Pegacetacoplan versus Avacincaptad Pegol.","authors":"Ryan B Rush, Westin Klein, Robert M Reinauer","doi":"10.2147/OPTH.S518398","DOIUrl":"10.2147/OPTH.S518398","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare real-world outcomes in subjects who underwent treatment with intravitreal avacincaptad pegol (IVA) or intravitreal pegacetacoplan (IVP) for geographic atrophy (GA) secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was undertaken as a retrospective, comparative assessment of subjects who underwent IVA or IVP treatment for GA secondary to AMD at two community-based ophthalmology practices. All subjects included in the study had a visual acuity of ≥20/200 at baseline, a total GA lesion area of ≥1.5 mm² and ≤17.5 mm²at baseline, and follow-up of 12-months following IVA or IVP initiation. The primary outcome was change in GA lesion size at 12 months. Secondary outcomes were change in logMAR vision at 12 months, total number of complement injections administered over 12 months, and the incidence of exudation at 12 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 112 subjects were analyzed. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between treatment groups. There were no significant differences between IVA and IVP in change in total GA lesion size [1.19 (±0.33) mm² versus 1.28 (±0.37) mm²; p = 0.61], change in visual acuity [-0.1 (-0.04 to -0.16) logMAR versus -0.09 (-0.05 to -0.13) logMAR; p = 0.57], or exudation (p = 0.66) over the 12 month study period, respectively. However, the IVA cohort received more injections compared to the IVP group at 12 months (9.05 (±1.06) versus 5.96 (±2.01); p < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This real-world study reports that treatment with IVA and IVP have similar visual and anatomic outcomes at 12-months, although subjects undergoing treatment with IVP may receive fewer injections to obtain these outcomes. Further studies comparing the safety and efficacy of IVA and IVP are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":93945,"journal":{"name":"Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"19 ","pages":"1167-1174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11970274/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocular Biometry Profile and Its Associations with Systemic and Demographic Factors in Thai Cataract Patients.","authors":"Anyarak Amornpetchsathaporn, Somporn Chantra, Kornkamol Annopawong, Kasem Seresirikachorn, Kittipong Kongsomboon, Boonsong Wanichwecharungruang","doi":"10.2147/OPTH.S515960","DOIUrl":"10.2147/OPTH.S515960","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the differences in ocular biometry between cataract patients with and without systemic diseases and assess relationships between ocular biometry and demographic factors in Thai cataract patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2020 to May 2023 at Rajavithi Hospital, Thailand. Ocular biometry was measured using the IOL Master 700, and demographic data were extracted from medical records. Pearson's and Spearman correlations assessed relationships between ocular biometry and demographic/systemic factors. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses identified associated factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 6,330 participants. The most common systemic disease was diabetes (25.7%), followed by hypertension (6.9%), dyslipidemia (5.4%), and chronic kidney disease (CKD) (3.0%). Age correlated positively with lens thickness and negatively with axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and central corneal thickness (CCT). Multivariate analysis showed AL decreased with age (β = -0.012, p < 0.001) and was shorter in females (β = -0.193, p < 0.001) and diabetics (β = -0.130, p < 0.001). ACD was shallower with age (β = -0.008, p < 0.001) and in CKD patients (β = -0.079, p = 0.013), while females had shallower ACD (β = -0.159, p < 0.001). LT increased with age (β = 0.018, p < 0.001) and was greater in diabetics (β = 0.044, p = 0.012), CKD patients (β = 0.162, p < 0.001), and females (β = 0.070, p = 0.001). CCT decreased with age (β = -0.279, p < 0.001) but was higher in diabetics (β = 4.905, p < 0.001) and dyslipidemia (β = 6.881, p = 0.003).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ocular biometry varies significantly with gender, systemic diseases (diabetes, dyslipidemia, CKD), and demographic factors among Thai cataract patients. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating systemic disease management into preoperative planning to optimize cataract surgery outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":93945,"journal":{"name":"Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"19 ","pages":"1155-1166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11970424/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of Normal Tension Glaucoma Referrals at a Tertiary Care Center and Factors Associated with Unilateral versus Bilateral Disease.","authors":"Fahd Yazdanie, Jeffrey R Sims, Stephanie Ying, Poonam Misra, Manjool Shah, Joseph F Panarelli","doi":"10.2147/OPTH.S490512","DOIUrl":"10.2147/OPTH.S490512","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine the characteristics of normal tension glaucoma referrals at a tertiary care center and risk factors associated with unilateral versus bilateral disease.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Medical records were reviewed of patients who were referred to a single glaucoma provider at a tertiary care center and were given a presumptive diagnosis of normal tension glaucoma (NTG) between the years 2018 and 2021. Data collected included demographics, medical and family history, ophthalmic history, ophthalmic examination findings, neuro-ophthalmology referrals, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 98 patients were included in this study. The majority of patients (82%) had bilateral disease at initial presentation. Most patients (65%) had a history of systemic disease, including hypertension (32%), cardiovascular disease (19%), diabetes (12%), obstructive sleep apnea (10%), or orthostatic hypotension (4%). Conditions associated with vascular dysregulation were identified in 24% of patients. Sixty six percent of patients had a family history of glaucoma, while nearly half (49%) were myopic. Of patients with unilateral disease, 39% had workup or consideration of other neuro-ophthalmic diagnoses compared to 13% of patients with bilateral disease (P = 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients referred for NTG commonly present with disc changes in both eyes. Clinicians should assess for the presence of systemic diseases associated with vascular dysregulation, myopia, and a family history of glaucoma. Patients with unilateral disease consistent with NTG may benefit from additional workup including neuroimaging or a neuro-ophthalmic evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":93945,"journal":{"name":"Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"19 ","pages":"1175-1182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11970422/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143796811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation of Blood Glucose Control With Cystoid Macular Edema and Central Macular Thickness After Cataract Surgery in Diabetics.","authors":"Rui Ding, BaoHua Wu, Yan Sun, XiaoYan Zhang, HaiZhou Mi, YueRong Kong, YanGang Ma","doi":"10.2147/OPTH.S506122","DOIUrl":"10.2147/OPTH.S506122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Macular edema and retinal thickening after cataract surgery can lead to poor vision in patients, especially in the presence of high glucose. Blood glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) concentration plays an important role in assessing diabetic control and is closely related to cataract surgery prognosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between postoperative HbA1c levels and postoperative cystoid macular edema (CME) and central macular thickness (CMT) in diabetic cataract patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective analysis was conducted on 80 patients with diabetic cataracts from December 2018 to December 2023. The enrolled cases were divided into 2 groups according to the blood glucose control: 56 cases (56 eyes) in the intensive treatment group (HbA1c ≤ 7.0%) with insulin combined with oral hypoglycemic agents; and 24 cases (24 eyes) in the standard treatment group (HbA1c > 7.0%). The Student's <i>t</i>-test or paired <i>t</i>-test was used to compare the changes in CMT between the two groups at each preoperative and postoperative time period. The chi-square test was used to compare the incidence of CME at each postoperative time period. Pearson or Spearman correlation was used to analyse the relationship between HbA1c levels and CMT or CME at each postoperative time period. Predictive efficacy was analyzed using ROC curves.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients who went through the standard treatment showed significant CMT thickening and CME at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. HbA1c levels were positively correlated with CME and CMT at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively, with good predictive efficacy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Postoperative HbA1c levels have a strong correlation with CME and CMT thickening and may be reliable and valid biomarkers.</p>","PeriodicalId":93945,"journal":{"name":"Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"19 ","pages":"1129-1138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11970279/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143796983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Preservative Free Cyclosporine in Dry Eye Disease.","authors":"Aafreen Bari, Aishwarya Dasgupta, Tushar Agarwal, Tanuj Dada, Namrata Sharma","doi":"10.2147/OPTH.S505641","DOIUrl":"10.2147/OPTH.S505641","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dry eye disease (DED) is an ocular surface ailment with a high prevalence in the current era. One of the management principles involves the treatment of the underlying ocular surface inflammation. Topical Cyclosporine therapy is an effective treatment option. However, achieving an adequate drug concentration at the site of action and minimising the associated adverse drug effects, such as stinging and burning sensations at the site of instillation, are the biggest challenges. A preservative-free formulation of Cyclosporine 0.05% (Cyclisis-PF, Intas Pharmaceuticals, India) was studied in 50 patients with mild to moderate DED in a prospective interventional study. Eye drops were prescribed twice daily in addition to conventional treatment. At 12 weeks follow-up, the tear film stability was better in terms of improved tear break up time (TBUT) (p < 0.01), non-invasive break up time (NIBUT) (p < 0.001), Schirmer's test (p < 0.01), lipid layer thickness (LLT) (p = 0.006), tear meniscus height (TMH) (p < 0.01), corneal staining score (p < 0.01), and ocular surface disease index (OSDI) score (p < 0.01) at the three-month follow-up. Only five of the 50 (10%) patients had mild adverse drug effects in the form of mild stinging. However, none of the patients discontinued this drug. In conclusion, preservative free cyclosporine is a safe, effective and well tolerated treatment modality in cases of mild to moderate DED.</p>","PeriodicalId":93945,"journal":{"name":"Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"19 ","pages":"1149-1154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11970282/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143796988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optometrists' Assessment of Pseudoexfoliation and Its Impact on Glaucoma Referrals.","authors":"Karin Landgren, Dorothea Peters","doi":"10.2147/OPTH.S505365","DOIUrl":"10.2147/OPTH.S505365","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine the frequency and accuracy of pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) assessment in referrals from primary care optometrists before the new Swedish glaucoma guidelines were established, and to evaluate an optometrist's ability to assess PEX.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>We studied PEX assessments in 95 referrals (95 patients,189 eyes) with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) from optometrists to the Skåne University Hospital in Malmö, Sweden, in 2019. We reviewed the frequency and accuracy of PEX assessments in referrals and compliance of these referrals with the new guidelines. In addition, an optometrist's ability to identify PEX was evaluated and compared to that of an ophthalmologist specialized in glaucoma. Patients referred were examined at the hospital for PEX, first by the study's optometrist and then by the ophthalmologist.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PEX was present in 17% of the patients (16 patients, 19 eyes). The optometrist in this study positively assessed PEX in 12 of 19 eyes (63%) before dilatation and in 14 of 19 eyes (74%) after dilatation. Seven referrals included a PEX assessment (3 assessed PEX and 4 assessed non-PEX), all of which were confirmed as correct. Of the 16 patients with PEX, 13 did not undergo a PEX assessment before referral. According to the new Swedish guidelines, three of the 13 referrals would not have been accepted, meaning that two patients requiring treatment would have been missed, one with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma and one with ocular hypertension with PEX.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Very few referrals from primary care optometrists included a PEX assessment (7%). According to the new guidelines, necessary referrals would therefore have been rejected. Still, the study's optometrist detected PEX in the majority of patients. The risk of missing high risk patients requiring glaucoma treatment would be reduced if primary care optometrists assess PEX before referral.</p>","PeriodicalId":93945,"journal":{"name":"Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"19 ","pages":"1111-1118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11967345/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143782286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}