Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)最新文献

{"title":"The Role of Scleral Changes in the Progression of Myopia: A Review and Future Directions.","authors":"Xiaofan Yin, Jinling Ge","doi":"10.2147/OPTH.S523283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S523283","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review article comprehensively examines the alterations in scleral collagen fibers and the extracellular matrix (ECM) during myopia progression, with a particular focus on the scleral hypoxia theory and inflammatory mechanisms. It delves into key signaling pathways, including the matrix metalloproteinase - 2 (MMP-2) pathway, hypoxia - inducible factors (HIF-1α and HIF-2α) pathways, and the Wnt signaling pathway. By elucidating the intricate relationships between these signaling pathways, this article highlights the latest advancements in myopia prevention and control strategies that target the sclera. Moreover, it provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying scleral remodeling and explores their potential therapeutic applications for effectively managing myopia progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":93945,"journal":{"name":"Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"19 ","pages":"1699-1707"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12109009/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144164227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Best Corrected Final Visual Acuity on the Performance of Intraocular Lens Power Calculations.","authors":"H John Shammas, Maya C Shammas, Cooper Bahr, Ramie Sahota, Brad Hall","doi":"10.2147/OPTH.S520815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S520815","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the impact of the best-corrected final visual acuity (BCFVA) on the accuracy of intraocular lens (IOL) power calculations.</p><p><strong>Design setting and methods: </strong>This is a retrospective observational study in a private practice setting, Lynwood, California, USA. We analyzed 1107 eyes undergoing standard monofocal cataract surgery, with IOL power calculated using the Barrett Universal II formula. We evaluated the Mean Prediction Error (MPE) and its standard deviation (SD), the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and its SD and the percentage of eyes within ±0.50D and ±1.00D in relation to BCFVA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We analyzed 4 groups with BCFVA noted in LogMAR of ≤0.00, 0.02-0.10, 0.12-0.20 and 0.22-0.30. MPE was -0.030±0.321, -0.018±0.353, 0.015±0.369 and 0.070±0.421 D, respectively. MAE was 0.263±0.186, 0.282±0.213, 0.301±0.214 and 0.354±0.236 D, respectively. The percentage of eyes within ±0.50D was 85.9%, 82.6%, 81.5% and 75.5%, respectively. A subgroup analysis of the 1005 eyes with BCFVA of 0.20 LogMAR or better resulted in an MPE of -0.007±0.354 D, a MAE of 0.285±0.209 D and a percentage of eyes within ±0.50D of 82.8%. The difference between this subgroup and the group of eyes with a BCFVA 0.22-0.30 was statistically significant (p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Better IOL power predictions were noted by limiting the study to eyes with BCFVA of 0.20 LogMAR or better.</p>","PeriodicalId":93945,"journal":{"name":"Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"19 ","pages":"1693-1697"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12105626/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144153137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ray Visualization and Through-Focus Optical Quality of Diffractive Enhanced Monofocal and Extended-Depth-of-Focus Intraocular Lenses.","authors":"Isabella Diana Baur, Ramin Khoramnia, Hyeck-Soo Son, Gerd Uwe Auffarth, Grzegorz Łabuz","doi":"10.2147/OPTH.S520086","DOIUrl":"10.2147/OPTH.S520086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We compared two hybrid refractive-diffractive IOLs with enhanced depth of focus in an in vitro study with regard to optical quality in monochromatic and polychromatic light as well as their ray-propagation behavior.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Mono-EDoF ME4 IOL (Santen Pharmaceutical, Osaka, Japan) and the Tecnis Symfony IOL (Johnson & Johnson Vision, USA) were assessed using the OptiSpheric IOL PRO 2 (Trioptics GmbH, Germany) to measure the through focus (TF) modulation transfer function (MTF) using monochromatic green (546 nm) and polychromatic light at different spatial frequencies. Ray propagation imaging was performed using monochromatic green light (520 nm) projected through each IOL, while submerged in a bath of fluorescein solution. The visual pathways were captured by a camera mounted on a microscope. Ray visualization was additionally performed for a monofocal control IOL (W60-R IOL, Santen Pharmaceutical).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Mono-EDoF IOL showed superior TF-MTF performance for defocus of up to -1.3D compared to the Symfony IOL in monochromatic and polychromatic light. For higher defocus values, however, the Symfony showed superior performance than the Mono-EDoF. Image quality in polychromatic light decreased for both IOLs compared to monochromatic light. Ray propagation imaging revealed one distinct focus for the monofocal IOL. The Mono-EDoF demonstrated an elongated focus area. The Symfony showed two focal points.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We found comparable deterioration of image quality in polychromatic light for both IOLs with improved intermediate range. The Mono-EDoF demonstrated an elongated focus and superior TF-MTF performance at lower defocus values, but it did not match the standard EDoF model at higher defocus.</p>","PeriodicalId":93945,"journal":{"name":"Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"19 ","pages":"1673-1682"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12103864/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144144996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Utility of Virtual Reality in Ophthalmology: A Review.","authors":"Abhimanyu S Ahuja, Alfredo A Paredes Iii, Mallory L S Eisel, Sejal A Ahuja, Isabella V Wagner, Pranav Vasu, Syril Dorairaj, Darby Miller, Yazan Abubaker","doi":"10.2147/OPTH.S517974","DOIUrl":"10.2147/OPTH.S517974","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Virtual reality (VR) has been implemented in multiple facets of healthcare and the study of medicine. In the field of ophthalmology, VR facilitates surgical and non-surgical training while assisting in diagnosis and treatment. Our goal was to explore the applications and feasibility of VR in ophthalmology. We performed a search of the literature on the journal database PubMed using keywords relevant to VR integration in ophthalmological medicine. We included articles published since 2015 in this review of literature. The literature search yielded extensive applications of VR in medical training, as well as techniques for efficient diagnosis and screening using VR models including Eyesi and HelpMeSee. VR training simulators have decreased surgical error rates and improved technique in cataract surgery. In vitreoretinal surgery, a VR vitreoretinal training simulator resulted in improved surgical performance in both training and experienced surgeons. VR is also utilized in non-surgical training through an app to develop fundoscopy skills and slit-lamp training for medical students. Additionally, VR is used in diagnosis, screening, and treatment of glaucoma, amblyopia, and strabismus. VR has also improved visual field defects in patients with glaucoma and treated amblyopia in children who did not improve with patching. Barriers to the widespread implementation of VR include high initial capital cost, limited sample sizes for research studies, and discrepancies between VR visual field and real-world clinical practice. Future research in streamlining VR methods to be more accessible and cost-effective has the potential to overcome these challenges. With further investigation into the logistics of VR applications, this technology could improve surgical outcomes and diagnostic accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":93945,"journal":{"name":"Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"19 ","pages":"1683-1692"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12103849/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144144999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-Vision Rehabilitation Services in Saudi Arabia: A Nationwide Survey of Optometrists on Current Status and Future Directions.","authors":"Abdulaziz Alshehri, Abdulmajeed Al Khathami, Amani Al Ghramah, Majed AlQurashi, Saud AlJohani","doi":"10.2147/OPTH.S520773","DOIUrl":"10.2147/OPTH.S520773","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Low vision (LV) is a significant public health challenge with profound effects on patients and their families. In Saudi Arabia, studies indicate a high prevalence of LV, yet low vision services (LVS) remain limited, with gaps in optometrist knowledge, training, and service accessibility. This study evaluates the current state of LV services, documents optometrist involvement, and identifies barriers to delivering LVS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A nationwide, cross-sectional study surveyed 275 optometrists using a validated, self-administered electronic questionnaire. Awareness, clinical practices, referral patterns, and perceived barriers were assessed. Multivariate logistic regression analyzed awareness levels and barriers, with statistical significance set at p<0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Moderate awareness of the WHO definition of LV was observed (70.1%), significantly higher among those with formal training (90.1%, p<0.001). Only 36.4% provided LV services, primarily in the central region. Low vision cases constituted 1% of patient loads for most participants (44.4%). Key barriers included device unavailability (68.4%), insufficient training (65.8%), and high costs (50.9%). Diabetic retinopathy (70.9%), glaucoma (63.3%), and hereditary conditions (46.5%) were leading causes of LV.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Critical gaps in LV care include insufficient awareness, uneven service distribution, and financial/training-related barriers. Enhancing education, improving affordability, and fostering multidisciplinary care are essential. Region-specific interventions are urgently needed to ensure equitable access to LVS across Saudi Arabia.</p>","PeriodicalId":93945,"journal":{"name":"Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"19 ","pages":"1659-1672"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12094823/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144121685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nystagmus in Clinical Practice: From Diagnosis to Treatment-A Comprehensive Review.","authors":"Bharat Gurnani, Kirandeep Kaur, Sameer Chaudhary, Adit Samir Gandhi, Harinikrishna Balakrishnan, Chitaranjan Mishra, Hirika Gosalia, Shweta Dhiman, Saloni Joshi, Apurva H Nagtode, Shreya Jain, Marushka Aguiar, Inder Mohan Rustagi","doi":"10.2147/OPTH.S523224","DOIUrl":"10.2147/OPTH.S523224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nystagmus, a common yet intricate ocular movement disorder, significantly contributes to visual morbidity in the paediatric and adult populations. Defined by involuntary, rhythmic, to-and-fro eye movements, this condition may manifest as an isolated anomaly or harbour more serious ocular or systemic pathologies. Its presence often provides vital diagnostic clues, emphasizing the importance of thorough evaluation to uncover potentially hidden underlying conditions. These mechanisms may range from dysfunction in the neural pathways to genetic mutations that affect ocular motor control. Nystagmus can profoundly affect visual acuity, spatial perception, and overall quality of life, leading to challenges in education, employment, and daily activities for the affected individuals. The diverse classifications of nystagmus, spanning congenital, acquired, and spontaneous forms, have distinct aetiologies, clinical features, and therapeutic considerations. For clinicians, a structured and systematic approach is essential for an accurate diagnosis and management. Advances in diagnostic modalities, including high-resolution imaging, electrodiagnostic studies, and eye tracking technologies, have enhanced our ability to delineate the underlying pathology. Similarly, therapeutic innovations such as pharmacological interventions, surgical techniques such as tenotomy, and even gene therapy and neurostimulation are opening new avenues for managing this disorder. A robust literature search was conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane, and EMBASE. The search strategy incorporated MeSH terms including \"nystagmus\", \"classification\", \"diagnosis\", and \"treatment\", and included both English and non-English articles up to December 2024. Studies were selected based on relevance to clinical features, pathophysiology, and recent advances in the field. This review offers a comprehensive exploration of the epidemiology, classification, clinical presentation, diagnostic strategies, and treatment of nystagmus. It also sheds light on recent advancements and emerging research, including the integration of artificial intelligence in clinical diagnostics. Ultimately, this review aims to serve as a practical clinical reference that enhances diagnostic accuracy and optimizes patient care within the ophthalmic and neuro-ophthalmic communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":93945,"journal":{"name":"Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"19 ","pages":"1617-1657"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12094828/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144121691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unequal Referral Patterns to Ophthalmology Subspecialists Based on Race and Ethnicity in Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Analysis.","authors":"Katherine Guerra O'Neill, Seth E Buscho, Biai Dominique Elmir Digbeu, Zachary Dezeeuw, Kevin H Merkley, Praveena K Gupta","doi":"10.2147/OPTH.S519979","DOIUrl":"10.2147/OPTH.S519979","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Previous research has shown that racial disparities exist regarding the prevalence of and associated vision loss from diabetic retinopathy. Unfortunately, little is known about potential racial and ethnic disparities of diabetic eye exam referral patterns by primary care providers. Understanding referral patterns to ophthalmic specialists is key to understanding the steps needed to prevent progression of this vision-threatening condition, particularly in minority populations.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Patients who were diagnosed with type II diabetes mellitus (DM) at a tertiary medical center between 2015 and 2023 were retrospectively identified from the electronic medical record (n = 10,995). Patient demographics, comorbidities, presence or absence of ophthalmology referral, HbA1c and insulin dependence at time of referral, time from referral to first ophthalmic appointment, as well as diabetic retinopathy presence/stage at first ophthalmic exam after referral were collected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the white patients who were diagnosed with DM, 79.3% were referred for ophthalmology screening, compared to 78.55% of Hispanic patients (RR: 1.03 [95% CI: 0.92, 1.15]) and 75.75% of black patients (RR: 0.83 [95% CI: 0.74, 0.93]) (p = 0.0009). 56.38% of White patients had a HbA1c ≥ 7% at referral compared to 61.33% of Hispanic patients (RR: 1.16 [95% CI: 1.00, 1.34]) and 53.48% of Black patients (RR 0.86 [95% CI: 0.73, 1.01]) (p = 0.0004). 5.69% of referred white patients were diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy compared to 10.22% of Black patients (RR: 1.88 [95% CI 1.58, 2.23) and 10.91% of Hispanic patients (RR: 1.58 [95% CI 1.32, 1.89]) (p < 0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Black patients were less likely to receive an ophthalmology referral at the time of DM diagnosis, and Hispanic patients were more likely to be referred at a more severe HbA1c compared to white patients. Both black and Hispanic patients were more likely to be diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy at first ophthalmic appointment than white patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":93945,"journal":{"name":"Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"19 ","pages":"1609-1616"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12094482/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144121695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Twelve-Month Outcomes of Faricimab for Patients with Sub-Optimally Responsive Diabetic Macular Oedema: A Retrospective Single-Centre Study.","authors":"Kamal El-Badawi, Benjamin Scrivens, Oluwaniyi Eke, Rehab Ismail, Lina Kobayter, Serena Salvatore","doi":"10.2147/OPTH.S513009","DOIUrl":"10.2147/OPTH.S513009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the visual and anatomical outcomes of switching diabetic macular oedema (DMO) patients with suboptimal response to aflibercept 2mg to faricimab over a 12-month period.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>This retrospective single centre study enrolled 62 eyes from 50 patients with diabetic macular oedema (DMO) who demonstrated a sub-optimal response to aflibercept 2mg. Sub-optimal response was defined by a central subfield thickness (CST) exceeding 325µm or greater than 20% increase from the best CST despite receiving aflibercept 2mg at intervals of 8 weeks or less. Patients had received at least six 4-weekly doses of aflibercept 2mg. Faricimab was administered as four intravitreal loading injections at 4-weekly intervals, followed by a treat-and-extend approach. Outcome measures, including best-recorded visual acuity (BRVA), CST, and treatment intervals, were assessed at baseline, post-loading (6.5 ± 1.9 weeks) and at the latest clinic review (57.1 ± 19.7 weeks). Statistical analysis included paired t-tests (normal distribution) and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests (non-normal distribution), with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean age was 63.9 (±11.4) years, 56% participants were male. At baseline, the mean BRVA was 67.6 (±11.8) letters, and CST measured 406.4 (±105.9) µm. The initial mean treatment interval was 6.5 (±1.8) weeks. BRVA increased to 70.4 (±12.7) letters (<i>p</i>=0.008), while CST reduced to 372.8 (±132.0) µm (<i>p</i>=0.002). The mean injection interval extended to 7.4 (±2.6) weeks (<i>p</i>=0.03). At the latest follow-up BRVA was maintained at 68.7 (±14.6) letters (<i>p</i>=0.572), and CST reduced further to 343.1 (±117.5) µm (<i>p</i>=0.020). At the final follow-up 53.2% were on ≥8-weekly intervals. The mean injection interval increased to 9.2 (±3.2) weeks (p < 0.001), and a mean of 7.92 (±2.53) faricimab injections was administered.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DMO patients with sub-optimal response to aflibercept 2mg experienced improved anatomical outcomes and extended treatment intervals while maintaining vision on faricimab, with no new safety concerns.</p>","PeriodicalId":93945,"journal":{"name":"Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"19 ","pages":"1583-1591"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12091065/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144112947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transfer Learning and Multi-Feature Fusion-Based Deep Learning Model for Idiopathic Macular Hole Diagnosis and Grading from Optical Coherence Tomography Images.","authors":"Ye-Ting Lin, Xu Xiong, Ying-Ping Zheng, Qiong Zhou","doi":"10.2147/OPTH.S521558","DOIUrl":"10.2147/OPTH.S521558","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Idiopathic macular hole is an ophthalmic disease that seriously affects vision, and its early diagnosis and treatment have important clinical significance to reduce the occurrence of blindness. At present, OCT is the gold standard for diagnosing this disease, but its application is limited due to the need for professional ophthalmologist to diagnose it. The introduction of artificial intelligence will break this situation and make its diagnosis efficient, and how to build an effective predictive model is the key to the problem, and more clinical trials are still needed to verify it.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to evaluate the role of deep learning systems in Idiopathic Macular Hole diagnosis, grading, and prediction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A single-center, retrospective study used binocular OCT images from IMH patients at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University (November 2019 - January 2023). A deep learning algorithm, including traditional omics, Resnet101, and fusion models incorporating multi-feature fusion and transfer learning, was developed. Model performance was evaluated using accuracy and AUC. Logistic regression analyzed clinical factors, and a nomogram predicted surgical risk. Analysis was conducted with SPSS 22.0 and R 3.6.3. <i>P</i> < 0.05 was statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 229 OCT images, the traditional omics, Resnet101, and fusion models achieved accuracies of 93%, 94%, and 95%, respectively, in the training set. In the test set, the fusion model and Resnet101 correctly identified 39 images, while the traditional omics model identified 35. The nomogram had a C-index of 0.996, with macular hole diameter most strongly associated with surgical risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The deep learning system with transfer learning and multi-feature fusion effectively diagnoses and grades IMH from OCT images.</p>","PeriodicalId":93945,"journal":{"name":"Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"19 ","pages":"1593-1607"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12091069/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144112945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revolutionizing Retinal Therapy: The Role of Nanoparticle Drug Carriers in Managing Vascular Retinal Disorders.","authors":"Huihui Lu, Na He, Lina Zhang, Yayan You, Zhigang Lv","doi":"10.2147/OPTH.S503273","DOIUrl":"10.2147/OPTH.S503273","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vascular Retinopathy (VR), such as diabetic retinopathy, pose significant challenges to vision and overall health. Traditional treatment methods often face limitations in efficacy and delivery. Vascular retinopathy is a common and potentially blinding group of eye diseases with core pathologic mechanisms involving vascular injury, ischemia, exudation, and neovascularization. Clinical management relies heavily on etiologic control (eg, diabetes, hypertension), anti-VEGF therapy, laser therapy, and surgical intervention. Recent advancements in nanotechnology have led to the development of innovative nanoparticle drug carriers, which offer promising solutions for targeted and sustained drug delivery in the retinal environment. This review explores the application of both conventional and novel nanoparticle carriers in treating VR. We discuss various types of nanoparticles, including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, and metal-based carriers, highlighting their unique properties, mechanisms of action, and therapeutic benefits. Finally, we provide insights into future perspectives for nanoparticle-based therapies in retinal disorders, emphasizing the potential for improved patient outcomes and the need for further research to optimize these advanced drug delivery systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":93945,"journal":{"name":"Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"19 ","pages":"1565-1582"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12087915/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144103319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}