Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)最新文献

{"title":"Is the Meibopatch Heated Pad Useful in Treating Patients with Meibomian Gland-Related Dry Eye Disease? - Assessing Tolerability, Acceptance, and Effectiveness.","authors":"Tasneem Elghazali Bakhiet, Abdus Samad Ansari, Gwyn Samuel Williams, Mahmoud Husseiny Awad, Alistair Thomas","doi":"10.2147/OPTH.S508547","DOIUrl":"10.2147/OPTH.S508547","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dry Eye Syndrome (DES) significantly impacts vision-related quality of life and poses a substantial financial burden in ophthalmology practice globally. Projected expenditure on DES treatments is estimated to exceed 6.6 billion USD by 2027. The Meibopatch (VISUfarma International, Valbonne, France) represents one of the latest devices designed to enhance treatment adherence and aid in managing Dry Eye Syndrome (DES). However, its long-term acceptance and efficacy among patients with posterior blepharitis, a condition closely linked with Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), has yet to be demonstrated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with symptomatic non-responsive blepharitis were enrolled during clinic visits and asked to self-administer Meibopatch treatment for four weeks. The ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire was utilized to evaluate symptoms both at baseline and following the four-week treatment period. Supplementary assessments on acceptability and tolerability were conducted through post-treatment questionnaires.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 43 patients were recruited. The baseline pre-treatment OSDI score ± SD (Standard Deviation) was 47.9±16.4, while the post-treatment OSDI value + SD was 37.7±14.9. Analysis revealed a significant mean difference between pre- and post-treatment OSDI scores (p=0.0005), indicating notable symptomatic improvement over the assessment duration. However, the findings diverged from evaluations of acceptability and overall patient satisfaction with the Meibopatch.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results suggest that Meibopatch represents a safe therapeutic option for managing DES. However, the controversy arises from the incongruence between the substantial reduction in symptoms noted from the OSDI scores and the reported patient outcomes regarding satisfaction and effectiveness. Future efforts should focus on validating the OSDI in blepharitis patients and establishing patient-centered outcomes in the realm of DES.</p>","PeriodicalId":93945,"journal":{"name":"Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"19 ","pages":"1743-1749"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12132065/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144217860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospective Evaluation of RedTouch Laser in the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease Secondary to Meibomian Gland Dysfunction.","authors":"Carlos Vergés, Veronica Ribas, José Salgado-Borges, Ana Giménez-Capitán, Francesc March de Ribot","doi":"10.2147/OPTH.S519700","DOIUrl":"10.2147/OPTH.S519700","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To validate the efficacy of RedTouch laser, a new 675 nm laser system in treating dry eye disease (DED) secondary to Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), comparing generalized periocular treatment versus direct targeting of the meibomian glands.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>70 patients with mild and moderate DED-MGD received 4 sessions of laser treatment separated by 3 weeks, with assessments before treatment, T0, and at the end, T1, after 2 months from the last session. Patients were divided randomly into 2 groups (G1 and G2) of 35 patients each to test different protocols. In G1, the eyelids and periocular area were treated with a 675 nm laser and G2, with the same treatment as in G1 but combined with a free pencil-shaped handpiece on the tarsal conjunctiva of the superior and inferior eyelids as well as on the lid margin of both eyelids.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The outcomes resulted in a significant improvement in all symptoms and signs of both groups, OSDI, CFS, NITMH, NITBUT, Osmolarity and Schirmer test1. However, G2-receiving additional targeted meibomian gland treatment-showed superior outcomes across all parameters (G1 vs G2, p < 0.001), including the signs of the Meibomian glands and the lid margin (G1 vs G2, p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>RedTouch laser is an effective treatment in patients with DED related to MGD, improving signs and symptoms. While periocular skin treatment alone provides clinical benefits, outcomes are significantly better when the laser is applied directly to the lid margin and tarsal conjunctiva, targeting the meibomian glands more specifically. No complications were observed.</p>","PeriodicalId":93945,"journal":{"name":"Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"19 ","pages":"1731-1742"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12132061/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144217861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Outcomes and in vivo Aberrometry Following the Implantation of a Monofocal IOL with Positive Asphericity.","authors":"Arthur B van den Berg, Roberta M van den Berg, Wallace Chamon, Karolinne Maia Rocha","doi":"10.2147/OPTH.S519332","DOIUrl":"10.2147/OPTH.S519332","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate ocular aberrations, visual and refractive outcomes in eyes implanted with a monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) with a positive asphericity profile.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>This prospective observational study included 42 eyes (27 patients) that underwent routine cataract surgery and implantation of RayOne EMV monofocal aspheric IOL. PentacamWave was used to assess corneal (at 4.5 and 6.0-mm diameter) and total ocular wavefront aberrations (at 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, and 4.5-mm pupil). Postoperative assessments between 1 and 3 months included manifest and automated refraction, uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity (UDVA, CDVA), and distance-corrected intermediate and near visual acuity (DCIVA, DCNVA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Postoperatively, UDVA was 0.06 logMAR, with 100% eyes achieving CDVA of 20/25 or better. DCIVA was 0.19 logMAR, with 66.7% of the eyes achieving 20/30 or better. DCNVA was 0.24 logMAR, with 54.8% of the eyes 20/30 or better. Automated refraction measured with various devices revealed myopic results compared to manifest refraction (-0.24 ± 0.32 D). The mean corneal spherical aberration (4^th order) for a 4.5-mm pupil was 0.08 ± 0.06 µm. Total ocular wavefront aberrometry (RMS) showed 0.14 ± 0.04 µm of 4^th-order spherical aberration (SA), -0.03 ± 0.10 µm of 6^th-order SA, and 0.12 ± 0.06 µm of coma for a 4.5 mm pupil.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In vivo wavefront analysis of eyes implanted with this enhanced monofocal IOL suggests that the IOL's positive asphericity profile incremented the pre-existing corneal aberrations, leading to useful intermediate and near vision while maintaining distance-corrected visual acuity better than 20/25 in all eyes.</p>","PeriodicalId":93945,"journal":{"name":"Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"19 ","pages":"1721-1729"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12126975/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144201056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Capsule-Preserving Intraocular Lens Intrascleral Fixation for Zonular Weakness: Clinical Outcomes and Comparative Analysis.","authors":"Mutsuko Kato, Yuri Kumashiro, Iori Masatani, Eizo Tanaka, Naohiro Ide, Kanazu Ariyasu","doi":"10.2147/OPTH.S515743","DOIUrl":"10.2147/OPTH.S515743","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong> To compare postoperative outcomes of haptic fixation sites, single versus dual haptics, in capsule-preserving intraocular lens (IOL) intrascleral fixation for zonular weakness.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong> This retrospective study analyzed 88 eyes (65 patients) with zonular weakness and at least two additional risk factors for IOL dislocation. Conducted at a single center from May 2019 to July 2023, the study followed patients for 6-56 months (mean: 26.5±16.0 months). Fixation methods included single or dual haptics, selected based on the operator's subjective assessment of zonular weakness and patient age. Initially, scleral tunnel-style was used, transitioning to flange-style in October 2021. Outcomes assessed included IOL tilt, decentration, refractive error, and complications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong> Final assessments showed an average IOL tilt of 6.54±3.14° and decentration of 0.60±0.36mm. Refractive error at six months post-surgery averaged -0.33±0.99D. Dual fixation resulted in greater myopic shifts than single fixation (-0.79±0.93D vs -0.16±0.96D, p<0.01), especially tunnel-dual fixation compared to tunnel-single fixation (-1.31±0.61D vs -0.25±0.89D, p<0.001) and tunnel-dual fixation compared to flange-dual fixation (-1.31±0.61D vs -0.17±0.88D, p=0.001). Large IOL tilts (>10°) occurred in six eyes (6.8%), all with tunnel style, with a refractive error of -0.59±0.78D; not statistically significant, but a correlation was observed between tilt and refractive error (R²=0.851, p=0.0176). Large IOL decentration (>1mm) occurred in 12 eyes (13.6%), with a significant myopic shift of -1.01±0.93D. Capsule damage was noted in 15.9% of cases, vitreous prolapse was infrequent (4.5%), and no cases had iris capture or severe retinal complications.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong> Despite the risk of capsule damage, this method, which preserves the capsule and avoids posterior segment surgery, appears viable for cases with significant zonular weakness and anticipated progression, without iris capture or retinal complications. Improving the T-style or adopting F-style, particularly FD-fixation, may help prevent tilt and decentration, reduce refractive errors, and improve postoperative visual function.</p>","PeriodicalId":93945,"journal":{"name":"Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"19 ","pages":"1709-1720"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12124310/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144201055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Scleral Changes in the Progression of Myopia: A Review and Future Directions.","authors":"Xiaofan Yin, Jinling Ge","doi":"10.2147/OPTH.S523283","DOIUrl":"10.2147/OPTH.S523283","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review article comprehensively examines the alterations in scleral collagen fibers and the extracellular matrix (ECM) during myopia progression, with a particular focus on the scleral hypoxia theory and inflammatory mechanisms. It delves into key signaling pathways, including the matrix metalloproteinase - 2 (MMP-2) pathway, hypoxia - inducible factors (HIF-1α and HIF-2α) pathways, and the Wnt signaling pathway. By elucidating the intricate relationships between these signaling pathways, this article highlights the latest advancements in myopia prevention and control strategies that target the sclera. Moreover, it provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying scleral remodeling and explores their potential therapeutic applications for effectively managing myopia progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":93945,"journal":{"name":"Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"19 ","pages":"1699-1707"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12109009/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144164227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Best Corrected Final Visual Acuity on the Performance of Intraocular Lens Power Calculations.","authors":"H John Shammas, Maya C Shammas, Cooper Bahr, Ramie Sahota, Brad Hall","doi":"10.2147/OPTH.S520815","DOIUrl":"10.2147/OPTH.S520815","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the impact of the best-corrected final visual acuity (BCFVA) on the accuracy of intraocular lens (IOL) power calculations.</p><p><strong>Design setting and methods: </strong>This is a retrospective observational study in a private practice setting, Lynwood, California, USA. We analyzed 1107 eyes undergoing standard monofocal cataract surgery, with IOL power calculated using the Barrett Universal II formula. We evaluated the Mean Prediction Error (MPE) and its standard deviation (SD), the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and its SD and the percentage of eyes within ±0.50D and ±1.00D in relation to BCFVA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We analyzed 4 groups with BCFVA noted in LogMAR of ≤0.00, 0.02-0.10, 0.12-0.20 and 0.22-0.30. MPE was -0.030±0.321, -0.018±0.353, 0.015±0.369 and 0.070±0.421 D, respectively. MAE was 0.263±0.186, 0.282±0.213, 0.301±0.214 and 0.354±0.236 D, respectively. The percentage of eyes within ±0.50D was 85.9%, 82.6%, 81.5% and 75.5%, respectively. A subgroup analysis of the 1005 eyes with BCFVA of 0.20 LogMAR or better resulted in an MPE of -0.007±0.354 D, a MAE of 0.285±0.209 D and a percentage of eyes within ±0.50D of 82.8%. The difference between this subgroup and the group of eyes with a BCFVA 0.22-0.30 was statistically significant (p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Better IOL power predictions were noted by limiting the study to eyes with BCFVA of 0.20 LogMAR or better.</p>","PeriodicalId":93945,"journal":{"name":"Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"19 ","pages":"1693-1697"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12105626/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144153137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ray Visualization and Through-Focus Optical Quality of Diffractive Enhanced Monofocal and Extended-Depth-of-Focus Intraocular Lenses.","authors":"Isabella Diana Baur, Ramin Khoramnia, Hyeck-Soo Son, Gerd Uwe Auffarth, Grzegorz Łabuz","doi":"10.2147/OPTH.S520086","DOIUrl":"10.2147/OPTH.S520086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We compared two hybrid refractive-diffractive IOLs with enhanced depth of focus in an in vitro study with regard to optical quality in monochromatic and polychromatic light as well as their ray-propagation behavior.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Mono-EDoF ME4 IOL (Santen Pharmaceutical, Osaka, Japan) and the Tecnis Symfony IOL (Johnson & Johnson Vision, USA) were assessed using the OptiSpheric IOL PRO 2 (Trioptics GmbH, Germany) to measure the through focus (TF) modulation transfer function (MTF) using monochromatic green (546 nm) and polychromatic light at different spatial frequencies. Ray propagation imaging was performed using monochromatic green light (520 nm) projected through each IOL, while submerged in a bath of fluorescein solution. The visual pathways were captured by a camera mounted on a microscope. Ray visualization was additionally performed for a monofocal control IOL (W60-R IOL, Santen Pharmaceutical).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Mono-EDoF IOL showed superior TF-MTF performance for defocus of up to -1.3D compared to the Symfony IOL in monochromatic and polychromatic light. For higher defocus values, however, the Symfony showed superior performance than the Mono-EDoF. Image quality in polychromatic light decreased for both IOLs compared to monochromatic light. Ray propagation imaging revealed one distinct focus for the monofocal IOL. The Mono-EDoF demonstrated an elongated focus area. The Symfony showed two focal points.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We found comparable deterioration of image quality in polychromatic light for both IOLs with improved intermediate range. The Mono-EDoF demonstrated an elongated focus and superior TF-MTF performance at lower defocus values, but it did not match the standard EDoF model at higher defocus.</p>","PeriodicalId":93945,"journal":{"name":"Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"19 ","pages":"1673-1682"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12103864/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144144996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Utility of Virtual Reality in Ophthalmology: A Review.","authors":"Abhimanyu S Ahuja, Alfredo A Paredes Iii, Mallory L S Eisel, Sejal A Ahuja, Isabella V Wagner, Pranav Vasu, Syril Dorairaj, Darby Miller, Yazan Abubaker","doi":"10.2147/OPTH.S517974","DOIUrl":"10.2147/OPTH.S517974","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Virtual reality (VR) has been implemented in multiple facets of healthcare and the study of medicine. In the field of ophthalmology, VR facilitates surgical and non-surgical training while assisting in diagnosis and treatment. Our goal was to explore the applications and feasibility of VR in ophthalmology. We performed a search of the literature on the journal database PubMed using keywords relevant to VR integration in ophthalmological medicine. We included articles published since 2015 in this review of literature. The literature search yielded extensive applications of VR in medical training, as well as techniques for efficient diagnosis and screening using VR models including Eyesi and HelpMeSee. VR training simulators have decreased surgical error rates and improved technique in cataract surgery. In vitreoretinal surgery, a VR vitreoretinal training simulator resulted in improved surgical performance in both training and experienced surgeons. VR is also utilized in non-surgical training through an app to develop fundoscopy skills and slit-lamp training for medical students. Additionally, VR is used in diagnosis, screening, and treatment of glaucoma, amblyopia, and strabismus. VR has also improved visual field defects in patients with glaucoma and treated amblyopia in children who did not improve with patching. Barriers to the widespread implementation of VR include high initial capital cost, limited sample sizes for research studies, and discrepancies between VR visual field and real-world clinical practice. Future research in streamlining VR methods to be more accessible and cost-effective has the potential to overcome these challenges. With further investigation into the logistics of VR applications, this technology could improve surgical outcomes and diagnostic accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":93945,"journal":{"name":"Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"19 ","pages":"1683-1692"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12103849/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144144999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-Vision Rehabilitation Services in Saudi Arabia: A Nationwide Survey of Optometrists on Current Status and Future Directions.","authors":"Abdulaziz Alshehri, Abdulmajeed Al Khathami, Amani Al Ghramah, Majed AlQurashi, Saud AlJohani","doi":"10.2147/OPTH.S520773","DOIUrl":"10.2147/OPTH.S520773","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Low vision (LV) is a significant public health challenge with profound effects on patients and their families. In Saudi Arabia, studies indicate a high prevalence of LV, yet low vision services (LVS) remain limited, with gaps in optometrist knowledge, training, and service accessibility. This study evaluates the current state of LV services, documents optometrist involvement, and identifies barriers to delivering LVS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A nationwide, cross-sectional study surveyed 275 optometrists using a validated, self-administered electronic questionnaire. Awareness, clinical practices, referral patterns, and perceived barriers were assessed. Multivariate logistic regression analyzed awareness levels and barriers, with statistical significance set at p<0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Moderate awareness of the WHO definition of LV was observed (70.1%), significantly higher among those with formal training (90.1%, p<0.001). Only 36.4% provided LV services, primarily in the central region. Low vision cases constituted 1% of patient loads for most participants (44.4%). Key barriers included device unavailability (68.4%), insufficient training (65.8%), and high costs (50.9%). Diabetic retinopathy (70.9%), glaucoma (63.3%), and hereditary conditions (46.5%) were leading causes of LV.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Critical gaps in LV care include insufficient awareness, uneven service distribution, and financial/training-related barriers. Enhancing education, improving affordability, and fostering multidisciplinary care are essential. Region-specific interventions are urgently needed to ensure equitable access to LVS across Saudi Arabia.</p>","PeriodicalId":93945,"journal":{"name":"Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"19 ","pages":"1659-1672"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12094823/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144121685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nystagmus in Clinical Practice: From Diagnosis to Treatment-A Comprehensive Review.","authors":"Bharat Gurnani, Kirandeep Kaur, Sameer Chaudhary, Adit Samir Gandhi, Harinikrishna Balakrishnan, Chitaranjan Mishra, Hirika Gosalia, Shweta Dhiman, Saloni Joshi, Apurva H Nagtode, Shreya Jain, Marushka Aguiar, Inder Mohan Rustagi","doi":"10.2147/OPTH.S523224","DOIUrl":"10.2147/OPTH.S523224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nystagmus, a common yet intricate ocular movement disorder, significantly contributes to visual morbidity in the paediatric and adult populations. Defined by involuntary, rhythmic, to-and-fro eye movements, this condition may manifest as an isolated anomaly or harbour more serious ocular or systemic pathologies. Its presence often provides vital diagnostic clues, emphasizing the importance of thorough evaluation to uncover potentially hidden underlying conditions. These mechanisms may range from dysfunction in the neural pathways to genetic mutations that affect ocular motor control. Nystagmus can profoundly affect visual acuity, spatial perception, and overall quality of life, leading to challenges in education, employment, and daily activities for the affected individuals. The diverse classifications of nystagmus, spanning congenital, acquired, and spontaneous forms, have distinct aetiologies, clinical features, and therapeutic considerations. For clinicians, a structured and systematic approach is essential for an accurate diagnosis and management. Advances in diagnostic modalities, including high-resolution imaging, electrodiagnostic studies, and eye tracking technologies, have enhanced our ability to delineate the underlying pathology. Similarly, therapeutic innovations such as pharmacological interventions, surgical techniques such as tenotomy, and even gene therapy and neurostimulation are opening new avenues for managing this disorder. A robust literature search was conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane, and EMBASE. The search strategy incorporated MeSH terms including \"nystagmus\", \"classification\", \"diagnosis\", and \"treatment\", and included both English and non-English articles up to December 2024. Studies were selected based on relevance to clinical features, pathophysiology, and recent advances in the field. This review offers a comprehensive exploration of the epidemiology, classification, clinical presentation, diagnostic strategies, and treatment of nystagmus. It also sheds light on recent advancements and emerging research, including the integration of artificial intelligence in clinical diagnostics. Ultimately, this review aims to serve as a practical clinical reference that enhances diagnostic accuracy and optimizes patient care within the ophthalmic and neuro-ophthalmic communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":93945,"journal":{"name":"Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":"19 ","pages":"1617-1657"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12094828/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144121691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}