Biomedical and environmental sciences : BES最新文献

{"title":"Long-term National Trends in the Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and the Association with Social Determinants of Health in Korean Adults, 2007-2024.","authors":"Jihu Im, Juyeong Kim, Seoyoung Park, Yesol Yim, Hyunjee Kim, Jihye Choi, Dong Keon Yon","doi":"10.3967/bes2026.090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3967/bes2026.090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is linked to social determinants of health (SDOH); however, long-term trends in its prevalence and the association with SDOH remain unclear. Thus, we investigated national trends in T2DM prevalence and the cumulative burden of SDOH.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2024), including adults aged ≥ 19 years. T2DM was defined by physician diagnosis, use of anti-diabetic medication, fasting glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL, or hemoglobin A1c ≥ 6.5%. SDOH was assessed across seven key domains-education level, marital status, household income, food security, type of health insurance, employment status, and home ownership- and classified into low- (≤ 2) and high-burden (> 2) groups; the cumulative score was also analyzed as ordinal and continuous variables to evaluate dose-response relationships. Trends were examined using weighted linear regression, and adjusted odds ratios ( <i>aOR</i>s) were estimated using multivariable logistic regression across pre- (2007-2019), intra- (2020-2022), and preliminary post-pandemic (2023-2024) periods. Age-standardized estimates and sensitivity analyses, including inverse probability weighting and mediation analysis, were performed to ensure robustness.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 85,695 adults (males; 35,392, 41.30%) were included. The prevalence of T2DM showed increasing trend (8.55%, 95% <i>CI:</i> 7.96% to 9.13% in 2007-2009; 11.66%, 95% <i>CI:</i> 11.11% to 12.22% in 2016-2019), and a surge was observed at the onset of the pandemic in 2020, peaking at 13.66% (95% <i>CI:</i> 12.24% to 15.07%) in 2021 before rebounding to 14.19% (12.99%-15.39%) in 2024. High cumulative SDOH was associated with T2DM ( <i>aOR</i> = 1.33, 95% <i>CI:</i> 1.25 to 1.41), showing a clear dose-response relationship where the risk progressively escalated with higher SDOH scores (score ≥ 6: 1.79 [1.58 to 2.04]). Among individual components, lack of private health insurance showed the strongest association ( <i>aOR</i> = 1.30, 95% <i>CI:</i> 1.22 to 1.39). Other major risk factors included established demographic and clinical predictors such as older age, male, and obesity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>T2DM prevalence has increased over time, and a high cumulative burden of SDOH remains consistently associated with this prevalence, highlighting the need for equity-focused public health strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":93903,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and environmental sciences : BES","volume":"39 9","pages":"1063-1080"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149186950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of PTSD Risk Prediction Models for Rescue Workers Based on High-dimensional Features.","authors":"Qiong Xuan Li, Qiao Wang, Wei Lu, Chun Yan Li, Yu Ning Liu, Mei Lin Zhu, Jia Yi Deng, Xiao Yong Sai","doi":"10.3967/bes2026.089","DOIUrl":"10.3967/bes2026.089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Rescue workers are frequently exposed to traumatic events and are at a high risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We developed and compared machine-learning models for PTSD risk and assessed their generalizability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This multicenter cross-sectional study included 13,462 rescue workers from 13 units for model development/internal validation and 8,757 workers from two additional units for external validation. Probable PTSD was defined as a PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 score ≥ 33. Sixteen variables were reduced using principal component analysis (PCA) or exploratory factor analysis (FA). Nine machine-learning algorithms were trained using a stratified 70:30 split, 5-fold cross-validation, and synthetic minority oversampling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among PCA-based models, extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) achieved the highest external area under the curve (AUC, 0.8931), whereas random forest showed the highest sensitivity. Among the factor-analysis-based models, XGBoost achieved the highest external AUC (0.8832), whereas random forest provided a sensitivity-oriented alternative. Original-variable SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis identified acute stress disorder (ASD), self-rating depression scale (SDS), self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), passive smoking, monthly family income, smoking status, body mass index (BMI), and age as the main contributors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Dimensionality-reduced machine-learning models showed measurable discriminatory ability for PTSD risk stratification, and model choice should reflect screening priorities.</p>","PeriodicalId":93903,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and environmental sciences : BES","volume":"39 9","pages":"1093-1103"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149186933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental Exposures and Reproductive Health.","authors":"Chan Tian","doi":"10.3967/bes2026.088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3967/bes2026.088","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93903,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and environmental sciences : BES","volume":"39 8","pages":"865-866"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148883012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Timing Matters: Component-specific PM _2.5 Exposure Windows and Oocyte Development in Assisted Reproduction.","authors":"Zhi Lei Xu, Rui Ling Liu, Yu Ling Hu, Quan Zi Yao, Xin Luo, Jia Liang He, Li Hong Geng, Li Juan Fu, Zhao Hui Zhong, Yu Bin Ding, Xing Yu Lyu","doi":"10.3967/bes2026.072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3967/bes2026.072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Fine particulate matter (PM _2.5) may impair follicular development; however, the roles of its chemical components and their time-specific effects remain unclear. This study examined how PM _2.5 and its major components are related to oocyte-related outcomes among women undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART) and identified critical exposure windows.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 51,122 ART cycles were analyzed. Individual exposures to PM _2.5 and its components, sulfate (SO ₄ ^2-), nitrate (NO ₃ ^-), ammonium (NH ₄ ⁺), organic matter (OM), and black carbon (BC), were estimated for three periods: recent (0-3 months), distal (4-12 months), and cumulative (0-12 months). Associations between total, mature, and normally fertilized oocytes were assessed using negative binomial regression. Distributed lag non-linear models (DLNM) identified sensitive windows, and mixture models evaluated joint effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher PM _2.5 and component exposures were consistently associated with poorer oocyte outcomes, with stronger effects for distal exposure. Two sensitive windows, 1 month and 6-11 months before retrieval, were identified. Mixture analyses indicated SO ₄ ^2- and NH ₄ ⁺ as the dominant contributors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Exposure to PM _2.5 showed component-specific and time-dependent reproductive toxicity. Both short- and long-term exposure may reduce oocyte quantity and quality, highlighting the importance of improving air quality to support female reproductive health and ART success.</p>","PeriodicalId":93903,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and environmental sciences : BES","volume":"39 8","pages":"924-936"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148882978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of Maternal Phthalate Exposure in the First Trimester with Preterm Birth: A Prospective Birth Cohort Study.","authors":"Mamoud Alieu Jalloh, Yu Xin Liu, Qi Xi, Jing Wei, Cong Liu, Hong Lyu, Tao Jiang, Rui Qin, Xin Xu, Yuan Yan Dou, Yue Jiang, Bo Xu, Jia Ping Chen, Hong Xia Ma, Jiong Li, Zhi Bin Hu, Yuan Lin, Jiang Bo Du","doi":"10.3967/bes2026.078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3967/bes2026.078","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93903,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and environmental sciences : BES","volume":"39 8","pages":"1002-1008"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148883004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prenatal Exposures to High Ambient Temperatures and Heatwaves Increase the Risk of Necrotizing Enterocolitis: Evidence from Twin Pairs across China.","authors":"Wan Peng, Xin Qi Zhong, Yuan Zheng, Yi Xiang Huang, Lv Wang, Jing Jie Fan, Dan Er Lin, Chang Shun Xia, Yi Lin Li, Xin Jie Xiao, Zhi Qing Chen, Yu Wei Fan, Yi Yu Lai, Qi Liang Cui, Tao Liu","doi":"10.3967/bes2026.074","DOIUrl":"10.3967/bes2026.074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The association between necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and prenatal heat exposure has not been adequately studied. We estimated the association of prenatal high ambient temperature (TM) and heatwave exposure with NEC and to identified susceptible exposure windows.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Generalized linear models were applied to examine the associations between high TM and heatwaves exposures with NEC. Mediation analysis was used to investigate the role of preterm birth (PTB) in the relationship between high TM and NEC during pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 8,334 twin pairs and their mothers: 227 (2.72%) twin pairs were NEC cases. Compared to the reference temperature (19.8 °C), prenatal exposure to the 90th percentile TM (24.8 °C) was associated with NEC risk [odds ratio ( <i>OR</i>), 2.68; 95% confidence interval ( <i>CI</i>): 1.93-3.72]. Trimester-specific <i>OR</i>s were 2.41 (95% <i>CI</i>: 1.63-3.55), 3.30 (95% <i>CI</i>: 2.18-4.99), and 2.06 (95% <i>CI</i>: 1.43-2.98) for the first, second, and third trimesters, respectively. Exposure to heatwaves during the entire pregnancy, first, and second trimesters showed <i>OR</i>s of 1.98 (95% <i>CI</i>: 1.14-3.43), 1.81 (95% <i>CI</i>: 1.26-2.59), and 1.81 (95% <i>CI</i>: 1.19-2.75), respectively. PTB mediated the association between the 90th and 95th percentile TM exposure during the entire pregnancy and NEC, with the mediation proportions of 30.10% (95% <i>CI</i>: 8.57-45.28) and 36.20% (95% <i>CI</i>: 16.18-50.28), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Prenatal exposure to high TM levels and heat waves, especially in the first and second trimesters, was positively associated with the risk of NEC. PTB may partially mediate the relationshipbetween high TM exposure and NEC.</p>","PeriodicalId":93903,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and environmental sciences : BES","volume":"39 8","pages":"909-923"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148882975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Muscle Strength and Cardiovascular Disease Risk across Glycemic Status Groups: A Prospective Nationwide Cohort Study.","authors":"Ling Li, Wei Jia Wu, Ya Nan Hou, Long Wang, Ping Yu, Yu Wen Zhang, Xiao Lan Bian","doi":"10.3967/bes2026.076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3967/bes2026.076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to investigate the independent and combined associations of grip strength and chair-rising time with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among middle-aged and older adults across different glycemic status groups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 7,258 CVD-free middle-aged and older adults from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Muscle strength was assessed based on grip strength and chair-rising time. Incident CVD was defined as a physician-diagnosed heart disease and/or stroke. Cox proportional hazard models and restricted cubic spline analyses were used to quantify the association between muscle strength and CVD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During a mean follow-up of 7.8 years, 1,785 participants (24.6%) developed incident CVD. Both lower normalized grip strength and longer chair-rising time were independently associated with increased CVD risk in a dose-dependent manner ( <i>P</i> for trend < 0.001), with adjusted hazard ratios ( <i>HR</i>s) of 1.37 (95% <i>CI</i>: 1.17-1.61) for the lowest <i>vs</i>. highest grip strength quartile and 1.53 (95% <i>CI</i>: 1.32-1.77) for the longest <i>vs</i>. shortest chair-rising time quartile. The combination of weakest grip and slowest chair-rising time conferred the highest risk ( <i>HR</i> = 2.12; 95% <i>CI</i>: 1.65-2.73). Lower grip strength and prolonged chair-rising time were associated with elevated CVD risk across all glycemic status groups. The association with grip strength reached statistical significance in the normal glucose regulation and prediabetes groups, with a similar point estimate observed in the diabetes group ( <i>P</i> for interaction = 0.622).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study revealed a dose-dependent association between muscle strength and the incidence of CVD. The associations between lower grip strength and prolonged chair-rising time with higher CVD risk were directionally consistent across the glycemic status groups, although not all strata reached statistical significance.</p>","PeriodicalId":93903,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and environmental sciences : BES","volume":"39 8","pages":"978-988"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148882915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Urinary Metal Mixtures and Lung Function among Coal Miners: A Cross-sectional Study.","authors":"Xiao Meng Zhou, Jia Wang, Feng Jiang Sun, Yuan Jie Zou, Yi Yang, Hui Hui Wu, Yu Fei Tang, Min Mu","doi":"10.3967/bes2026.080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3967/bes2026.080","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93903,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and environmental sciences : BES","volume":"39 8","pages":"1013-1018"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148883037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Joint Effects of Metabolic Syndrome and Polygenic Risk Score on Lung Cancer Incidence and Mortality: A Prospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Qing Yin Bu, Qian Wang, Gang Zhang, Yi Fan Wang, Long Hu Sun, Shuang Liang, Fan Yang, Zha Zheng He, Hong Gang Yi, Zhe Ning Pu, Jun Cheng Dai","doi":"10.3967/bes2026.069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3967/bes2026.069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the effects of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its interaction with genetic factors on lung cancer incidence and mortality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The cohort analysis included 355,344 participants from the UK Biobank. MetS was defined using the modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the associations between MetS-related variables, their interactions with genetic factors, and lung cancer outcomes (incidence and mortality).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MetS was associated with increased risks of lung cancer incidence (hazard ratio [ <i>HR</i>]: 1.31, 95% confidence interval [ <i>CI</i>]: 1.22-1.42) and mortality ( <i>HR</i>: 1.35, 95% <i>CI</i>: 1.24-1.48). Risk increased proportionally to the number of metabolic abnormalities. Increased waist circumference, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and elevated glycated hemoglobin were independently associated with both outcomes. Participants with both high genetic risk and MetS had the highest risk of lung cancer incidence ( <i>HR</i>: 2.07, 95% <i>CI</i>: 1.82-2.35) and mortality ( <i>HR</i>: 2.12, 95% <i>CI</i>: 1.83-2.45) compared with those with low genetic risk and no MetS. A significant positive additive interaction was observed between waist circumference and genetic risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Metabolic abnormalities are important modifiable risk factors for lung cancer. Integrating metabolic health assessment with genetic risk profiling may improve risk stratification and targeted prevention of lung cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":93903,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and environmental sciences : BES","volume":"39 8","pages":"953-966"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148883043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Association of the Transcriptome and Immunoglobulin G N-glycome with Cognitive Function.","authors":"Hao Tian Wang, Mei Ling Cao, Jing Dong, Jing Yu Wang, Li Zhang, Xiao Ni Meng, Di Liu, You Xin Wang","doi":"10.3967/bes2026.043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3967/bes2026.043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Immunoglobulin G (IgG) N-glycosylation is associated with mild cognitive impairment through the regulation of inflammatory balance; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Our study utilized a post-genome-wide association studies (GWAS) method that integrated GWAS data for cognitive function with gene expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL), protein QTL (pQTL), and IgG N-glycan-QTL data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses suggested bidirectional causalities between glycan peaks (GPs) and cognitive function, with GP7, GP12, and GP19 showing a causal effect on cognitive function, while cognitive function conversely showed a causal effect on GP1 and GP8. Two proteins and 10 genes were implicated in the regulation of IgG N-glycosylation. Furthermore, multivariable MR results suggested complex causalities between genes/proteins and IgG N-glycans, which jointly promote or independently affect cognitive function.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study reveals a novel mechanism by which genes, proteins, and modified IgG N-glycans converge to pathologically affect cognitive function.</p>","PeriodicalId":93903,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and environmental sciences : BES","volume":"39 8","pages":"967-977"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148883059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}