Biomedical and environmental sciences : BES最新文献

{"title":"Elimination Progress of Human Rabies in Beijing, 1973-2023: A Descriptive Epidemiological Study.","authors":"Tao Zhou, Xiaomei Li, Cheng Gong, Ming Luo, Dan Zhao, Jingbin Pan, Ziang Li, Quanyi Wang, Luodan Suo, Li Lu","doi":"10.3967/bes2024.169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3967/bes2024.169","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93903,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and environmental sciences : BES","volume":"37 11","pages":"1338-1342"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Willingness to Pay for Antiretroviral Drugs Covered by Medical Insurance among People Living with HIV in 18 Chinese Cities.","authors":"Jingkun Hu, Houlin Tang, Wenting Kang, Shuyu Wang, Jie Xu, Decai Zhao, Yang Hao, Xinlun Wang, Fan Lyu, Guang Zhang, Peng Xu","doi":"10.3967/bes2024.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3967/bes2024.105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Antiretroviral drugs covered by medical insurance have been gradually used by people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) in recent years in China. This study aimed to analyze their willingness to pay (WTP) for antiretroviral drugs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A mixed-methods study design involving a cross-sectional survey and in-depth interviews was conducted. A cross-sectional survey was performed to collect data on the general characteristics, economic status, antiretroviral therapy (ART) status, and WTP of PLWH in 18 Chinese cities from August 2022 to February 2023. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the factors associated with WTP. Representatives of PLWH were interviewed <i>via</i> in-depth interviews, and the data were thematically analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 941 PLWH, 271 (28.80%) were willing to pay for antiretroviral drugs covered by medical insurance. For basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents, PLWH with the following characteristics were more willing to pay: an educational level of senior high school or technical secondary school, having an undergraduate degree or higher, frequently working away from their hometowns, and homosexual transmission. Off-farm workers and recipients of government medical aid were more unwilling to pay. For basic medical insurance for urban employees, PLWH with the following characteristics were more willing to pay: frequently working away from their hometowns; homosexual transmission; personal annual income ≥ 100,000 CNY; and adverse events of antiretroviral drugs. The main reasons for PLWH's WTP for antiretroviral drugs covered by medical insurance were that the drugs had fewer adverse events and were easier to administer. The main reasons for PLWH's unwillingness to pay were financial difficulties and privacy concerns.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Nearly one-third of PLWH are willing to pay for antiretroviral drugs covered by medical insurance. In the future, PLWH with a high WTP can be guided to use these drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":93903,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and environmental sciences : BES","volume":"37 11","pages":"1283-1293"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological Characteristics of Measles-Mumps-Rubella in China's Mainland during 2014-2021.","authors":"Zhuowei Li, Lele Deng, Jiandong Li, Xiang Ren, Guangxue He","doi":"10.3967/bes2024.135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3967/bes2024.135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) between 2014 and 2021 and identify potential strategies and measures for the prevention and control of MMR in China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data on MMR was obtained from China's National Notifiable Disease Reporting System for the period from 2014 to 2021. Spatiotemporal distributions were analyzed using SaTScan; temporal trends were analyzed using JoinPoint; and clusters were visualized using ArcGIS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,808,067 cases of MMR were reported from 2014 to 2021 in China's mainland, most of which were children and students under the age of 20. The incidence of measles declined during 2014-2021, whereas that of mumps and rubella peaked in 2019. MMR-reported cases generally peaked from March to July; however, high numbers of mumps cases were reported from September to November in 2020-2021. Measles and rubella clusters predominantly occurred in Western China, whereas clusters of mumps were generally found in the southern region.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The relatively heterogeneous epidemiological characteristics of MMR have highlighted the weaknesses and gaps in surveillance and timely control of MMR transmission in China's mainland. Real-time and intelligent monitoring data should be collected for evidence-based early interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":93903,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and environmental sciences : BES","volume":"37 11","pages":"1273-1282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Need of Practical Strategy for Improving Awareness of Acceptance of Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment among the Public and the Healthcare Workers.","authors":"Xiaoping Dong","doi":"10.3967/bes2024.174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3967/bes2024.174","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93903,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and environmental sciences : BES","volume":"37 11","pages":"1233-1234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic Strategies for Tuberculosis: Progress and Lessons Learned.","authors":"Qingfeng Sun, Shanshan Li, Mengqiu Gao, Yu Pang","doi":"10.3967/bes2024.168","DOIUrl":"10.3967/bes2024.168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge, ranking second only to COVID-19 as the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent, with 1.3 million TB-related deaths reported in 2022. Treatment efficacy has been compromised by the emergence of drug-resistant strains, including rifampin-resistant TB (RR-TB), multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB). Although first-line drugs like isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol form the cornerstone of TB therapy, the rise of resistant strains necessitates the use of second-line drugs, which often come with increased toxicity and limited accessibility. Recent advances have focused on repurposing existing compounds and developing new drugs with novel mechanisms of action. Promising agents such as second-generation bedaquiline analogs (TBAJ-587, TBAJ-876), sudapyridine (WX-081), delamanid, pretomanid, and TBI-166 (pyrifazimine) have shown efficacy against resistant Mtb strains. Innovative treatment regimens like the BPaLM protocol-combining bedaquiline, pretomanid, linezolid, and moxifloxacin-offer shorter, all-oral therapies with higher cure rates. Personalized treatment durations and dose optimizations are becoming feasible through risk stratification algorithms and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies. Immunotherapy is emerging as a complementary strategy to enhance the host's immune response against Mtb. Agents such as vitamin D, corticosteroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), statins, metformin, and biological agents like interleukins and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor are under exploration. Additionally, cell therapies involving mesenchymal stem cells and immune effector cells present new therapeutic avenues. Despite these advancements, significant challenges remain in achieving the World Health Organization's \"End TB Strategy\" goals, particularly as the COVID-19 pandemic has diverted resources and attention. Ongoing research and global collaboration are crucial to develop novel therapeutic strategies, optimize treatment regimens, and ultimately reduce the global burden of TB.</p>","PeriodicalId":93903,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and environmental sciences : BES","volume":"37 11","pages":"1310-1323"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>bla</i> _NDM-1 Carried by a Transferable Plasmid in a <i>Salmonella</i> Strain Isolated from Healthy Individuals.","authors":"Wei Zeng, Ming Luo, Pengcheng Du, Zhenpeng Li, Yao Peng, Mengyu Wang, Wenxuan Zhao, Huayao Zhang, Yang Li, Pengjie Luo, Yannong Wu, Jialiang Xu, Xu Li, Xin Lu, Biao Kan","doi":"10.3967/bes2024.104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3967/bes2024.104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Our study aimed to conduct genomic characterization of <i>Salmonella</i> strains carrying the <i>bla</i> _NDM-1 gene in the intestinal tract of healthy individuals. The objectives were to underscore the importance of genomic surveillance for drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic bacteria among healthy populations, and to establish protocols for regulating drug resistance plasmids based on the completion of a comprehensive map of drug resistance plasmid genomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing and employed second- and third-generation sequencing techniques to analyze <i>Salmonella</i> strains harboring the <i>bla</i> _NDM-1 gene, to surveil drug-resistant bacteria in the intestines of healthy subjects. Sequence comparison was conducted using both core- and pan-genome approaches. Concurrently, conjugation experiments were carried out to assess the efficiency of plasmid transfer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We isolated a carbapenem-resistant <i>Salmonella</i> enterica serovar Typhimurium strain from a healthy food worker in China. This strain harbored an IncHI2/IncHI2A plasmid carrying <i>bla</i> _NDM-1 along with multiple antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Our findings highlight the potential for asymptomatic carriers to facilitate the transmission of ARGs. Pan-genomic analysis revealed that <i>bla</i> _NDM-1-positive plasmids could traverse bacterial species barriers, facilitating cross-host transmission.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study marks the first detection of <i>bla</i> _NDM-1 in <i>Salmonella</i> strains isolated from healthy individuals. We underscore the risk associated with the transmission of conjugative hybrid plasmids carrying <i>bla</i> _NDM-1, which have the potential to be harbored and transmitted among healthy individuals. Enhanced surveillance of drug-resistant pathogens and plasmids in the intestinal microbiota of healthy individuals could provide insights into the risk of ARG transmission and pathways for population-wide dissemination <i>via</i> ARG transfer factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":93903,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and environmental sciences : BES","volume":"37 11","pages":"1252-1261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indoor Radon Survey in 31 Provincial Capital Cities and Estimation of Lung Cancer Risk in Urban Areas of China.","authors":"Xiaoxiang Miao, Yinping Su, Changsong Hou, Yanchao Song, Bowei Ding, Hongxing Cui, Yunyun Wu, Quanfu Sun","doi":"10.3967/bes2024.165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3967/bes2024.165","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to analyze the current indoor radon level and estimate the population risk of radon-induced lung cancer in urban areas of China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the passive monitoring method, a new survey on indoor radon concentrations was conducted in 2,875 dwellings across 31 provincial capital cities in Chinese mainland from 2018 to 2023. The attributable risk of lung cancer induced by indoor radon exposure was estimated based on the risk assessment model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The arithmetic mean (AM) and geometric mean (GM) of indoor radon concentrations were 65 Bq/m³ and 55 Bq/m³, respectively, with 13.6% of measured dwellings exceeding 100 Bq/m³ and 0.6% exceeding 300 Bq/m³. The estimated number of lung cancer deaths induced by indoor radon exposure was 150,795, accounting for 20.30% (95% <i>CI</i>: 20.21%-20.49%) of the lung cancer death toll.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provided the most recent data on national indoor radon levels in urban areas and the attributable risk of lung cancer. These results served as an important foundation for further research on the disease burden of indoor radon exposure and radon mitigation efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":93903,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and environmental sciences : BES","volume":"37 11","pages":"1294-1302"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of Mumps Outbreaks in Four Fujian Province Schools.","authors":"Zhifei Chen, Ruihong Wu, Xiuhui Yang, Yong Zhou, Weiyi Pan, Dong Li","doi":"10.3967/bes2024.143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3967/bes2024.143","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93903,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and environmental sciences : BES","volume":"37 11","pages":"1324-1327"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Concentrations and Risk of Pneumoconiosis: A Two-sample Mendelian Randomization Study.","authors":"Junyi He, Chenwei Zhang, Yukai Zhang, Jingfen Zhang, Xuesen Su, Peiyun He, Wenhui Bao, Haizhao Liu, Xiao Yu, Yiwei Shi","doi":"10.3967/bes2024.166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3967/bes2024.166","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93903,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and environmental sciences : BES","volume":"37 11","pages":"1328-1333"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barriers to the Acceptance of Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment: A Multicenter Cross-sectional Study in China.","authors":"Jingjuan Ren, Fei Huang, Haifeng Chen, Huimin Zhang, Jianwei Sun, Ahui Zhao, Zuhui Xu, Liqin Liu, Huizhong Wu, Lanjun Fang, Chengguo Wu, Qingya Wang, Wenqian Zhang, Xinhua Sun, Xiaoping Liu, Jizheng Yuan, Bohan Chen, Ni Wang, Yanlin Zhao","doi":"10.3967/bes2024.150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3967/bes2024.150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to understand the willingness and barriers to the acceptance of tuberculosis (TB) preventive treatment (TPT) among people with latent TB infection (LTBI) in China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted from May 18, 2023 to December 31, 2023 across 10 counties in China. According to a national technical guide, we included healthcare workers, students, teachers, and others occupations aged 15-65 years as our research participants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 17.0% (183/1,077) of participants accepted TPT. There were statistically significant differences in the acceptance rate of TPT among different sexes, ages, educational levels, and occupations ( <i>P</i> < 0.05). The main barriers to TPT acceptance were misconceptions that it had uncertain effects on prevention (57.8%, 517/894), and concerns about side effects (32.7%, 292/894).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>An enhanced and comprehensive understanding of LTBI and TPT among people with LTBI is vital to further expand TPT in China. Moreover, targeted policies need to be developed to address barriers faced by different groups of people.</p>","PeriodicalId":93903,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and environmental sciences : BES","volume":"37 11","pages":"1303-1309"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}