{"title":"Design of alkali metal oxide adsorbent for direct air capture: Identification of physicochemical adsorption and analysis of regeneration mechanism","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100268","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100268","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Direct air capture (DAC) represents an advanced negative carbon emission technology, with the key being high-performance CO<sub>2</sub> adsorbents. First, this work carefully identifies CO<sub>2</sub> physisorption and chemisorption by CaO/HcATP (CaO loaded on acid-modified attapulgite) as DAC adsorbent. The chemisorption of amorphous \"CaO\" plays a crucial role in both the adsorption capacity and rate, with contributions of 66.8 % and 50.85 %, respectively. The adsorption capacity of CaO/HcATP is only 212.4 ± 25.7 µmol/g via the simple CO<sub>2</sub> physisorption and improved by 426.7 µmol/g owning to the chemisorption of amorphous CaO. Second, the concentration of silanol groups on CaO/HcATP plays a pivotal role in the adsorption process. The concentration of silanol groups decreases to 3.85 OH/nm<sup>2</sup> after undergoing 30 cycles of adsorption-desorption. Then it increases to 9.54 OH/nm<sup>2</sup> by adsorbing the moisture in the air, resulting in a recovered adsorption capacity of 90.7 %. Furthermore, the pseudo-first-order adsorption kinetics model effectively predicted the experimental results. Finally, the dual loop of CO<sub>2</sub> capture and regeneration is summarized using the CaO/HcATP as DAC adsorbent. The amorphous \"CaO\" interacts with the surface silanol of HcATP, synergistically capturing CO<sub>2</sub> in the form of \"CaO···CO<sub>2</sub>\", which reduces desorption energy consumption. The wetting property of HcATP contributes to the regeneration of CaO/HcATP. This work contributes to establishing fundamental principles for designing cost-effective DAC adsorbents.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9387,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Capture Science & Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772656824000800/pdfft?md5=a2a7fb403b63125fc7ec7aba6cc112e4&pid=1-s2.0-S2772656824000800-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141993148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Scalable MOF-based mixed matrix membranes with enhanced permeation processes facilitate the scale application of membrane-based carbon capture technologies","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs) leverage the processability of polymers and selectivity of Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs). However, they still suffer from poor interfacial compatibility and limited scalability in preparation. In certain polymers, MOFs can bridge the pores within the polymer membrane, enhancing the CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption and solubility properties, thus selectively boosting the CO<sub>2</sub> permeability. In this study, high-performance MMMs were prepared using scalable CALF-20 in combination with PIM-1. MMMs with a 5% doping level achieved CO<sub>2</sub> permeability up to 8003 barrer with 25% improvement in CO<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> selectivity. This enhancement was attributed to well-designed MMMs, where MOFs matched the abundant non-interconnecting pores in the PIM-1 membrane. This study represents a significant advancement towards scaling up the preparation of high-performance MOF-based MMMs for carbon capture applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9387,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Capture Science & Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772656824000885/pdfft?md5=973267619c0e2fb3cba008394ac49789&pid=1-s2.0-S2772656824000885-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141992688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Zr-MOF/MXene composite for enhanced photothermal catalytic CO2 reduction in atmospheric and industrial flue gas streams","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, a novel composite was engineered by integrating Zr-MOF (NH<sub>2</sub>-UIO-66) with MXene layers through electrostatic self-assembly. Under simulated sunlight and at 80 °C, this composite material achieved nearly complete conversion of low-concentration atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> to CO and CH<sub>4</sub> without additional sacrificial agents or alkaline absorption liquids, marking one of the few reports demonstrating near-complete reduction of low-concentration CO<sub>2</sub> directly from the air. For high-concentration CO<sub>2</sub> in industrial flue gas, the composite utilized residual heat at 80 °C without additional energy input, exhibiting excellent CO<sub>2</sub> reduction efficiency with CO and CH4 production rates of 127 μmol·g<sup>-1</sup>·h<sup>-1</sup> and 330 μmol·g<sup>-1</sup>·h<sup>-1</sup>, respectively, resulting in a total production rate 4.76 times higher than that in the air. Compared to most reports on thermocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> reduction (>300 °C), this material shows significant advantages below 100 °C. The performance improvement is attributed to the introduction of Zr-MOF, which provides additional active sites and reduces activation energy. Additionally, the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect of MXene facilitates the migration of thermal charge carriers to Zr<sup>4+</sup> sites within the MOF. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations validate these findings. Overall, Zr-MOF/MXene composite holds potential for reducing CO<sub>2</sub> in air and industrial settings, advancing energy conversion and environmental management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9387,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Capture Science & Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772656824000861/pdfft?md5=11d2fcb0396247f5104b80e9a544ea9d&pid=1-s2.0-S2772656824000861-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141990421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Suppressing cyclic deactivation of magnesium-calcium dual-functional materials via dispersed metal-carbonate interfaces for integrated CO2 capture and conversion","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100275","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100275","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The integrated CO<sub>2</sub> capture and utilization employs chemical looping approach for suppressing the equilibrium limitations of traditional gas-solid catalytic reactions, enabling efficient conversion of dilute CO<sub>2</sub> into high-value fuels with minimal energy consumption. However, the diminishing cyclic activity of dual-functional materials poses significant challenges to their industrial application. Herein, we tailored a series of magnesium-calcium materials, the influence of coordinated metals on the cyclic performance were quantitatively investigated. Notably, Fe<sub>2</sub>Ni<sub>2</sub>Ce<sub>2</sub>Mg<sub>5</sub>Ca<sub>20</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> achieves a cumulative CO yield of 121.0 mmol/g over 15 cycles at 650°C, with a maximum CO yield of 8.3 mmol/g per cycle and 99.0% CO selectivity, and its CO<sub>2</sub> capture capacity remains stable at 10.6 mmol/g over 37 adsorption/desorption cycles. Experimental results indicate that lattice phase separation is a fundamental mechanism underlying the decline in cyclic activity. The strategic incorporation of transition metal intermediates promotes the formation of dispersed metal-carbonate interfaces, providing surface hydrogenation sites and accelerating the lattice decomposition and reconstruction of CO<sub>3</sub>* within a dispersed lattice. This modification mitigates the adsorption/catalytic lattice phase separation, boosts metal migration and deoxygenation activity for cyclic nanoparticle construction. The findings offer valuable strategies for designing highly efficient and stable DFMs in CO<sub>2</sub> capture and utilization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9387,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Capture Science & Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772656824000873/pdfft?md5=825fff2bf9fee572d40a1f50428a96f9&pid=1-s2.0-S2772656824000873-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141990585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The advancement of porous bimetal nanostructures for electrochemical CO2 utilization to valuable products: Experimental and theoretical insights","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100266","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100266","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The growth of coherently engineered porous bimetal (PBM) nanostructures shows great progress in electrochemical carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) utilization. This is due to their remarkable catalytic and physicochemical merits that present an encouraging approach for CO<sub>2</sub> conversion into valuable products (i.e., fuels and chemicals). Hence, this review presents recent advances in experimental, <em>in-situ</em> analysis and theoretical studies of PBM electrocatalysts, including PBM Cu-based and PBM Cu-free electrocatalysts, toward CO<sub>2</sub> reduction reaction (CO<sub>2</sub>RR) and comprehend its fundamental mechanisms. Various synthesis strategies were utilized to construct PBM nanostructures with distinct compositions, morphology, and synergism for excellent CO<sub>2</sub>RR activity, stability and product selectivity. As corroborated by theoretical calculations that revealed beneficial electronic features and reaction routes with facile adsorption energies for reactant (CO<sub>2</sub>) and intermediate species on the various active sites of PBM nanostructures in easing the CO<sub>2</sub>RR. Future research efforts should establish robust framework for experimental, <em>in-situ</em> analysis, theoretical simulations and automated machine learning in developing next-generation electrochemical CO<sub>2</sub> utilization technologies with PBM nanostructures. Finally, this study emphasizes the potential of PBM nanostructures for efficient electrochemical CO<sub>2</sub> utilization and provides a pathway to sustainable and inexpensively viable carbon-neutrality.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9387,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Capture Science & Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772656824000782/pdfft?md5=5a085c56b579010b51ebd9502999ceb9&pid=1-s2.0-S2772656824000782-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141964627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sustainable aviation fuels: Key opportunities and challenges in lowering carbon emissions for aviation industry","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100263","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100263","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As the global aviation industry faces increasing demands for carbon reduction, the need for sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) is also rising. SAF is similar to traditional kerosene-based aviation fuel but has significantly lower carbon emissions. This reduction is achieved through various routes, including carbon capture technologies and the use of biogenic-carbon feedstock, such as biomass, which contribute to overall emission reduction. However, as a new alternative fuel, SAF's application is limited due to a lack of awareness among countries and the absence of relevant regulations. This paper provides an overview of the current state of kerosene-based aviation fuel, the advantages of SAF, and analyzes the development potential and market for SAF, drawing on international regulatory experiences and mainstream production routes. Additionally, it organizes the certification systems and standards for SAF and discusses its techno-economic viability, technological maturity, and environmental benefits, particularly in terms of carbon emissions reduction. Finally, recommendations for the future development of SAF are provided to guide the aviation industry's green transition and the comprehensive market application of SAF.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9387,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Capture Science & Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772656824000757/pdfft?md5=32ebe0daca18cd1436037567e2ef35a9&pid=1-s2.0-S2772656824000757-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141963460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Porous hollow Ni/CaO dual functional materials for integrated CO2 capture and methanation","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100259","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100259","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Excessive CO<sub>2</sub> emissions present significant environmental and energy challenges, driving the need for effective strategies to reduce CO<sub>2</sub>. Integrated CO<sub>2</sub> capture and utilization (ICCU) processes have drawn considerable attention by combing carbon capture and catalytic conversion in a unified process. The rational design of efficient dual-functional materials (DFMs) is key to achieving high-efficiency ICCU processes. Here, we synthesized a series of CaO-based DFMs with varying Ni loadings, in which the porous hollow CaO prepared by a sacrificial template method was employed as the adsorbent. The porous hollow structure are effectively to improve the diffusion of CO<sub>2</sub> species and provide sufficient space for volume expansion after CO<sub>2</sub> capture. The optimized conditions for adsorption and catalytic sites were determined to be at 550 °C with 5wt% Ni loading. Under these conditions, the adsorption capacity of 5 %Ni/CaO-P reached 7.02 mmol·<em>g</em><sup>−1</sup> <sub>DFM</sub>, with a CH<sub>4</sub> yield of 2.85 mmol·<em>g</em><sup>−1</sup> <sub>DFM</sub> and a CH<sub>4</sub> selectivity of 94.09 %. After 19 cycles, the adsorption capacity of 5 %Ni/CaO-P is maintained at 4.50 mmol·<em>g</em><sup>−1</sup> <sub>DFM</sub> with a CH<sub>4</sub> yield remaining stable at 0.50 mmol·<em>g</em><sup>−1</sup> <sub>DFM</sub> due to the slight sintering of Ni species. Integrated CO<sub>2</sub> capture and methanation offer a pathway for carbon recycling, emissions reduction, and sustainable development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9387,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Capture Science & Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S277265682400071X/pdfft?md5=70440aa0a214256731257d83e0c9a380&pid=1-s2.0-S277265682400071X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141963177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The advancements in mixed matrix membranes containing functionalized MOFs and 2D materials for CO2/N2 separation and CO2/CH4 separation","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100267","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>CO<sub>2</sub> separation plays a crucial role in tackling the climate change induced by the greenhouse effects and improving the energy quality of natural gas and biogas. The efficient CO<sub>2</sub> separation technology is highly required. Membrane separation technology is particularly attractive in CO<sub>2</sub> separation processes owing to its advantages. However, the trade-off relationship limited the gas separation efficiency of polymeric membranes in gas separation processes. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare the high-performance membranes such as mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) for CO<sub>2</sub> separation. This review mainly focuses on the preparation methods, the material properties and the CO<sub>2</sub> separation efficiency of the MMMs containing various fillers such as modified ZIFs, MOFs, and GO, and the emerging MOF-based composites, 2D MOFs and 2D MXene. The modified fillers demonstrated higher compatibility with polymer matrix, resulting in enhanced mechanical stability and CO<sub>2</sub> separation efficiency of MMMs. 2D materials could significantly enhance the CO<sub>2</sub> separation efficiency of MMMs, owing to their layered structure and the effective regulation of gas transport ways. Finally, the future direction and conclusions of fillers and MMMs in gas separation processes are provided.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9387,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Capture Science & Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772656824000794/pdfft?md5=32b54d2af859c748d9e96afede5e0150&pid=1-s2.0-S2772656824000794-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141963173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Near-equilibrium analysis of CO2 partial pressure on carbonate hydrogenation in an integrated carbon capture and utilization scheme","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100261","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100261","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The integrated carbon capture and utilization (ICCU) technology, combined with the reverse water-gas shift reaction (RWGS), is considered a promising strategy for mitigating carbon emissions. This study investigates the limestone calcination and hydrogenation processes under relatively high partial pressures of CO<sub>2</sub> in near-equilibrium conditions, at partial pressures (<em>P</em>) close to the equilibrium pressure (<em>P</em><sub>eq</sub>), relevant to the ICCU-RWGS process, particularly during the in-situ CO<sub>2</sub> conversion stage. The decomposition of CaCO<sub>3</sub> during conventional calcination and hydrogenation under near-equilibrium conditions was initially examined using micro-fluidized bed thermogravimetric analysis coupled with mass spectrometry (MFB-TGA-MS) and a particle-injecting method. The results indicated that limestone decomposition during conventional calcination was inhibited under near-equilibrium conditions, with conversion near 0%. However, during the hydrogenation process, the interaction between H<sub>2</sub> and CaCO<sub>3</sub> further activated the decomposition of limestone. At 750 °C and <em>P</em>/<em>P</em><sub>eq</sub>=0.9, limestone particles took ∼100 s to achieve complete conversion (100%). Given the known self-catalytic activity of CaO in converting carbonate to CO during hydrogenation, a dual-layer limestone hydrogenation process was further conducted using a fixed bed reactor. At 850 °C and a 30 vol.% H<sub>2</sub> atmosphere, the limestone decomposition rate increased significantly and subsequently reacted with H<sub>2</sub> to form CO, resulting in an H<sub>2</sub>/CO ratio of approximately 2.5. These findings support the viability of ICCU-RWGS approaches for future commercialization, with the product gas serving as the feedstock for the Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis (FTS) process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9387,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Capture Science & Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772656824000733/pdfft?md5=cfa31b4292d0f394d505f918610e9036&pid=1-s2.0-S2772656824000733-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141963175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparative review of biodiesel production and purification","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100264","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100264","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biodiesel synthesis and purification are critical stages in the production process, continually evolving to address environmental concerns and improve operational efficiency. Currently, biodiesel production has seen significant growth with numerous commercial plants operating worldwide, contributing to the blend of biodiesel with fossil fuels to reduce carbon emissions. Diverse feedstocks, including vegetable oils, animal fats, and waste oils, are increasingly used to enhance the sustainability of biodiesel production. This review examines recent innovations and challenges in biodiesel synthesis and purification, encompassing a diverse range of methodologies. Emphasizing the importance of biodiesel feedstock, the study conducts a comprehensive analysis of various sources contributing to biodiesel production. Synthesis methods, including transesterification, direct use, blending, micro-emulsion, and thermal cracking, are evaluated for their environmental impact and economic feasibility. Furthermore, purification strategies such as wet washing, distillation, adsorption, membrane separation, and solvent-aided crystallization (SAC) are scrutinized for their effectiveness and environmental implications. The review discusses the role of technological advancements in addressing challenges associated with traditional methods, such as high water consumption, energy-intensive processes, and wastewater generation. Moreover, it provides insights into how these innovations can enhance the sustainability, cost-effectiveness, and scalability of biodiesel production. This academically rigorous review offers a nuanced understanding of biodiesel production, combining analysis of feedstock considerations, synthesis methods, and purification strategies to advance discourse on sustainable biofuel production.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9387,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Capture Science & Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772656824000769/pdfft?md5=f60064f0ac03b6433f742d4c8be3a839&pid=1-s2.0-S2772656824000769-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141963174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}